Are There Cellular Superantigens?

The Staphylococcal Enterotoxins and Their Relatives

1990 • 1,914 citations

Self-tolerance eliminates T cells specific for Mls-modified products of the major histocompatibility complex

1988 • 1,036 citations

T-cell receptor Vβ use predicts reactivity and tolerance to Mlsa- encoded antigens

1988 • 901 citations

Superantigens: Mechanism of T-Cell Stimulation and Role in Immune Responses

1991 • 783 citations

Vβ-Specific Stimulation of Human T Cells by Staphylococcal Toxins

1989 • 711 citations

Both a monoclonal antibody and antisera specific for determinants unique to individual cloned helper T cell lines can substitute for antigen and antigen-presenting cells in the activation of T cells.

1983 • 654 citations

Bacterial superantigens

2003 • 433 citations

A superantigen encoded in the open reading frame of the 3′ long terminal repeat of mouse mammary tumour virus

1991 • 394 citations

The toxicity of staphylococcal enterotoxin B in mice is mediated by T cells.

1990 • 347 citations

T‐Cell Responses to Mls and to Bacterial Proteins that Mimic its Behavior^#

1989 • 337 citations

A maternally inherited superantigen encoded by a mammary tumour virus

1991 • 335 citations

Selective Depletion in HIV Infection of T Cells that Bear Specific T Cell Receptor V _β Sequences

1991 • 322 citations

Linkage of Mls genes to endogenous mammary tumour viruses of inbred mice

1991 • 307 citations

Residues of the variable region of the T-cell-receptor β-chain that interact with S. aureus toxin superantigens

1990 • 301 citations

Genes encoding ligands for deletion of Vβ11 T cells cosegregate with mammary tumour virus genomes

1991 • 297 citations

An endogenous retrovirus mediating deletion of αβ T cells?

1991 • 278 citations

Clonal deletion of V β814-bearing T cells in mice transgenic for mammary tumour virus

1991 • 277 citations

Lower receptor avidity required for thymic clonal deletion than for effector T-cell function

1991 • 263 citations

Identification of the region of T cell receptor β chain that interacts with the self-superantigen MIs-1a

1990 • 242 citations

Transgenic mouse mammary tumor virus superantigen expression prevents viral infection

1992 • 223 citations

A Virus-Encoded "Superantigen" in a Retrovirus-Induced Immunodeficiency Syndrome of Mice

1991 • 198 citations

Superantigen implicated in dependence of HIV-1 replication in T cells on TCR V β expression

1992 • 152 citations

The Fab fragment of a directly activating monoclonal antibody that precipitates a disulfide-linked heterodimer from a helper T cell clone blocks activation by either allogeneic Ia or antigen and self-Ia.

1984 • 136 citations

Physical association of CD4 with the T cell receptor.

1992 • 116 citations

Accessories or coreceptors?

1988 • 111 citations

Direct binding of secreted T-cell receptor beta chain to superantigen associated with class II major histocompatibility complex protein.

1991 • 87 citations

The biologic activity of anti-T cell receptor V region monoclonal antibodies is determined by the epitope recognized.

1988 • 86 citations

The immunobiology of the T cell response to Mls-locus-disparate stimulator cells. I. Unidirectionality, new strain combinations, and the role of Ia antigens.

1985 • 85 citations

Ligand thresholds at different stages of T cell development

1990 • 84 citations

Selective Elements for the Vß Region of the T Cell Receptor: MIs and the Bacterial Toxic Mitogens

1991 • 82 citations

Cross-linking and Conformational Change in T-cell Receptors: Role in Activation and in Repertoire Selection

1989 • 79 citations

Efficiency of antigen presentation differs in mice differing at the Mls locus

1983 • 62 citations

Self superantigens?

1990 • 59 citations

The Co‐Receptor Function of Murine CD4¹

1989 • 51 citations

Direct interactions between B and T lymphocytes bearing complementary receptors.

1986 • 34 citations

Asymmetry in the recognition of antigen: self class II MHC and non-self class II MHC molecules by the same T-cell receptor.

1989 • 25 citations

High fives or hand clasps?

1992 • 22 citations

Bidirectionality of mixed lymphocyte stimulation (Mls) response. Effects of Mlsb stimulator cells on Mlsa helper cells.

1988 • 10 citations

Direct receptor:receptor interactions between T and B lymphocytes: idiotypic restriction in the antibody response to a cloned helper T cell receptor.

1987 • 6 citations

Effect of Mlsa on antigen presentation to class II-restricted T cells.

1988 • 5 citations