How many memory systems are there?

Philosophical transactions of the Royal Society of London. B

1886 • 9,893 citations

The Hippocampus as a Cognitive Map

1978 • 8,087 citations

REMEMBERING: A STUDY IN EXPERIMENTAL AND SOCIAL PSYCHOLOGY

1933 • 7,329 citations

Elements of episodic memory

1983 • 6,131 citations

Memory and consciousness.

1985 • 4,350 citations

Two cortical visual systems

1982 • 4,230 citations

Analysis of visual behavior

1982 • 4,086 citations

Journal of Experimental Psychology: Human Learning and Memory

1977 • 4,043 citations

Object vision and spatial vision: two cortical pathways

1983 • 2,807 citations

Remembering

1995 • 2,336 citations

Preserved Learning and Retention of Pattern-Analyzing Skill in Amnesia: Dissociation of Knowing How and Knowing That

1980 • 2,247 citations

On the relationship between autobiographical memory and perceptual learning.

1981 • 2,220 citations

The Neuropsychology of Memory

1984 • 2,129 citations

Hippocampus, space, and memory

1979 • 2,033 citations

The nature of explanation

1943 • 1,734 citations

Implicit and explicit memory for new associations in normal and amnesic subjects.

1985 • 1,632 citations

VISUAL CAPACITY IN THE HEMIANOPIC FIELD FOLLOWING A RESTRICTED OCCIPITAL ABLATION

1974 • 1,399 citations

The Neurobiology of Learning and Memory

1986 • 1,124 citations

Priming effects in word-fragment completion are independent of recognition memory.

1982 • 1,025 citations

The hippocampus and contextual retrieval of information from memory: A theory

1974 • 963 citations

Amnesic Syndrome: Consolidation or Retrieval?

1970 • 861 citations

Recognition and retrieval processes in free recall.

1972 • 836 citations

Human memory and amnesia

1982 • 817 citations

Précis of Elements of episodic memory

1984 • 781 citations

Remembering the data: analyzing interactive processes in reading

1983 • 755 citations

Perceptual enhancement: Persistent effects of an experience.

1983 • 670 citations

On the transfer of information from temporary to permanent memory

1983 • 643 citations

Models of human memory

1970 • 612 citations

The effect of prior learning on subsequent retention in amnesic patients

1974 • 611 citations

Remembering without awareness.

1982 • 601 citations

ARCHIVES OF NEUROLOGY AND PSYCHIATRY

1923 • 584 citations

Retrieval without recollection: An experimental analysis of source amnesia

1984 • 536 citations

Recall and Recognition

1977 • 510 citations

Models for Free Recall and Recognition

1970 • 479 citations

Short-term memory

1975 • 478 citations

Neural mechanisms of learning and memory

1992 • 473 citations

Amnesia: A disconnection syndrome?

1982 • 418 citations

On interpretation of interactions

1978 • 392 citations

The anterograde and retrograde retrieval ability of a patient with amnesia due to encephalitis

1983 • 328 citations

Priming in episodic and semantic memory

1979 • 263 citations

Human memory and amnesia

1984 • 236 citations

Semantic factors in cognition

1978 • 218 citations

Infants, Amnesics, and Dissociable Memory Systems

1984 • 217 citations

Perspectives on Learning and Memory

2014 • 209 citations

Perspectives on memory research : essays in honor of Uppsala University's 500th anniversary

1979 • 208 citations

Dissociation of memory and awareness in young and older adults

1986 • 182 citations

Ecphoric processes in recall and recognition.

1976 • 182 citations

Experiments with Goggles

1962 • 180 citations

Processes of Animal Memory

1976 • 169 citations

A Multiple-Entry, Modular Memory System

1983 • 162 citations

Varieties of Residual Experience

1980 • 146 citations

Posthypnotic amnesia for recently learned material: Interactions with “episodic” and “semantic” memory

1980 • 138 citations

Comparative analysis of episodic memory

1984 • 134 citations

The Expression of Knowledge

1982 • 132 citations

Evidence against a semantic-episodic distinction.

1980 • 124 citations

Information processing in space-time by the hippocampus

1979 • 123 citations

An appreciation of generate-recognize theory of recall

1979 • 123 citations

Do Hippocampal Lesions Produce Amnesia in Animals?

1976 • 109 citations

Determinants of recognition and recall: Accessibility and generation.

1977 • 98 citations

Residual Learning Capability in Organic Amnesia

1982 • 98 citations

Neuropsychological evidence and the semantic/episodic distinction

1984 • 98 citations

Recognition memory: How complex a retrieval system?

1972 • 83 citations

Regional cerebral blood flow response to recognition memory versus semantic classification tasks*1

1980 • 79 citations

3. Recognition and "Me-Ness"

1951 • 76 citations

More evidence for the existence of separate semantic and episodic stores in long-term memory.

1980 • 74 citations

Sentence verification, sentence recognition, and the semantic-episodic distinction.

1978 • 71 citations

Does current evidence from dissociation experiments favor the episodic/semantic distinction?

1984 • 62 citations

Closure with negative after-images under flickering light.

1956 • 58 citations

Are semantic memory and episodic memory distinct systems?

1981 • 44 citations

Episodic versus semantic memory: A distinction whose time has come – and gone?

1984 • 39 citations

Direct and associative priming in anagram solving.

1967 • 39 citations

A fact is a fact is a fact

1984 • 38 citations

Multiple Learning and Memory Systems

1984 • 37 citations

Three-dimensional memory traces: A model and its application to forgetting

1980 • 36 citations

The informational character of representations

1982 • 31 citations

Stimulus variables and subject variables: A caution.

1959 • 25 citations

Just how does ecphory work?

1984 • 23 citations

BRAIN MECHANISMS OF MAMMALIAN MEMORY

1981 • 21 citations

The semantic-episodic distinction and the history of long-term memory typologies

1982 • 21 citations

Neuropsychological evidence for multiple memory systems

2009 • 20 citations

Effects of recognition on subsequent recall: Comments on "Determinants of recognition and recall: Accessibility and generation" by Rabinowitz, Mandler, and Patterson.

1977 • 18 citations

Anagram solution as a function of instructions, priming, and imagery.

1972 • 16 citations

Behaviours that indicate memory: Levels of expression.

1984 • 14 citations

The episodic/semantic continuum in an evolved machine

1984 • 14 citations

La mémoire épisodique est-elle emboîtée dans la mémoire sémantique?

1979 • 10 citations

Armchair theorists have more fun

1984 • 10 citations

Memory: Two systems or one system with many subsystems?

1984 • 6 citations

The ontogeny of episodic and semantic memory

1984 • 5 citations

Inference and temporal coding in episodic memory

1984 • 4 citations

The relation of visual acuity to convergence and accommodation.

1958 • 3 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations