Hormones and mammary carcinogenesis in mice, rats, and humans: a unifying hypothesis.

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Hypothesis: does breast cancer originate in utero?

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1984 • 435 citations

Menopause and Breast Cancer Risk<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

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Effect of estrogens and antiestrogens on growth of human breast cancer cells in athymic nude mice.

1985 • 396 citations

The Mammary gland : development, regulation, and function

1987 • 396 citations

Evidence of prenatal influences on breast cancer risk

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Initiation of chemical carcinogenesis requires cell proliferation

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Growth Regulation of Estrogen Receptor-Negative Breast Cancer Cells Transfected With Complementary DNAs for Estrogen Receptor

1992 • 263 citations

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Frequency and distribution of estrogen receptor-positive cells in normal, nonlactating human breast tissue.

1987 • 230 citations

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1968 • 223 citations

The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Diseases

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1990 • 211 citations

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1991 • 196 citations

DNA Labeling Index and Structure of the Rat Mammary Gland as Determinants of Its Susceptibility to Carcinogenesis<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

1978 • 194 citations

Cell proliferation in normal human breast ducts, fibroadenomas, and other ductal hyperplasias measured by nuclear labeling with tritiated thymidine

1977 • 191 citations

Role of Hormones in the Growth and Regression of Human Breast Cancer Cells (MCF-7) Transplanted Into Athymic Nude Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

1981 • 181 citations

Cell cycle dependency of oncogenic transformation induced by N-methyl-N'-nitro-N-nitrosoquanidine in culture.

1974 • 159 citations

A Different Perspective on Breast Cancer Risk Factors: Some Implications of the Nonattributable Risk

1982 • 154 citations

Cyclic Variation of DNA Synthesis in Human Breast Epithelium

1977 • 153 citations

Estradiol-stimulated growth of MCF-7 tumors implanted in athymic mice: A model to study the tumoristatic action of tamoxifen

1988 • 147 citations

The relationship of cancer of the female breast to artificial menopause and marital status

1956 • 145 citations

Mitogenesis Is Only One Factor in Carcinogenesis

1991 • 137 citations

Search for a Killer: Focus Shifts from Fat to Hormones

1993 • 135 citations

Tobacco Smoking, Pregnancy Estrogens, and Birth Weight

1990 • 133 citations

Oral contraceptive (OCP) use increases proliferation and decreases oestrogen receptor content of epithelial cells in the normal human breast

1991 • 133 citations

Estrogen inhibits the growth of estrogen receptor-negative, but not estrogen receptor-positive, human mammary epithelial cells expressing a recombinant estrogen receptor.

1993 • 118 citations

The effect of estrogen, progesterone, thyroxine, and human placental lactogen on DNA synthesis of human breast ductal epithelium maintained in athymic nude mice

1984 • 116 citations

Hormone Receptors and Breast Cancer

1993 • 113 citations

Breast Cancer in Men

1993 • 108 citations

Effect of the cell cycle on carcinogenesis.

1971 • 104 citations

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1986 • 99 citations

Growth and development of the human infant breast

1991 • 96 citations

Relationship between previous reproductive history and chemically induced mammary cancer in rats

1969 • 87 citations

Distribution of estrogen and progesterone receptors in healthy tissue adjacent to breast lesions at various stages — Immunohistochemical study of 107 cases

1990 • 84 citations

Hormonal Management in Breast Cancer.

1970 • 78 citations

The Breast: Comprehensive Management of Benign and Malignant Disease

2010 • 74 citations

Early indicators for carcinogenesis in sex-hormone-sensitive organs

1991 • 73 citations

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1992 • 68 citations

Progression of mammary adenocarcinomas as reflected by nuclear DNA content

1984 • 68 citations

Importance of mammary gland DNA synthesis on carcinogen-induced mammary tumorigenesis in rats.

1976 • 66 citations

Mammary Tumorigenesis in Chemical Carcinogen-Treated Mice. VI. Tumor-Producing Capabilities of Mammary Dysplasias in BALB/cCrgl Mice2

1976 • 66 citations

Mammary Tumor Development in Mice Ovariectomized at Birth

1939 • 63 citations

Maternal Age at Birth and Risk of Breast Cancer in Daughters

1990 • 63 citations

Somatomedin-C Substitutes for Insulin for the Growth of Mammary Epithelial Cells from Normal Virgin Mice in Serum-Free Collagen Gel Cell Culture*

1986 • 60 citations

Primary culture of normal rat mammary epithelial cells within a basement membrane matrix. I. Regulation of proliferation by hormones and growth factors

1990 • 58 citations

Classification of Mouse Mammary Tumors in Dunn’s Miscellaneous Group Including Recently Reported Types

1979 • 57 citations

Lobuloalveolar Differentiation in Mouse Mammary Tissues in vitro

1964 • 57 citations

Maintenance of normal rat mammary epithelial cells by insulin and insulin-like growth factor 1

1988 • 56 citations

Maternal Age and Birth Rank of Women With Breast Cancer2

1980 • 55 citations

Mammary organoids from immature virgin rats undergo ductal and alveolar morphogenesis when grown within a reconstituted basement membrane*1

1991 • 54 citations

A Symposium on Mammary Tumors in Mice

1945 • 54 citations

Mammary Lobulo-Alveolar Growth Induced by Anterior Pituitary Hormones in Adreno-Ovariectomized and Adreno-Ovariectomized-Hypophysectomized Rats.

1961 • 54 citations

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1992 • 50 citations

What Did the Blue Jay Do with the Nut?

1939 • 49 citations

Kinetics of mammary epithelial cell proliferation in pituitary isografted BALB/c mice

1993 • 48 citations

Characterization of early kidney lesions in estrogen-induced tumors in the Syrian hamster.

1991 • 48 citations

In vitro transformation of mouse mammary epithelial cells grown serum-free inside collagen gels.

1987 • 46 citations

THE EFFECT OF THE ANTI-ANDROGEN 1,2α-METHYLENE-6-CHLORO-Δ4,6-PREGNADIENE-17α-OL-3,20-DIONE-17α-ACETATE (CYPROTERONE ACETATE) ON THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE MAMMARY GLANDS OF MALE FOETAL RATS

1966 • 46 citations

Hormonal Regulation of Mammary Tumors

1982 • 45 citations

Role of tamoxifen in the induction of hormone-independent rat mammary tumors.

1992 • 45 citations

Is Prolactin Mitogenic for Mammary Epithelium?

1972 • 45 citations

Perinatal factors increase breast cancer risk

1994 • 43 citations

Responsiveness of mouse mammary tumours to pregnancy

1965 • 41 citations

Transforming c-Ki-ras mutation is a preneoplastic event in mouse mammary carcinogenesis induced in vitro by N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

1990 • 41 citations

Mammary tumors in the mouse.

1981 • 40 citations

Neoplastic transformation of mouse mammary epithelial cells by in vitro exposure to N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

1988 • 40 citations

Epidermal growth factor receptor in breast cancer. Comparison with non malignant breast tissue

1993 • 39 citations

Prenatal factors may influence predisposition to breast cancer

1994 • 39 citations

The influence of growth factors on the proliferative potential of normal and primary breast cancer-derived human breast epithelial cells

1991 • 39 citations

Epidermal growth factor receptor and oestrogen receptors in the non-malignant part of the cancerous breast

1989 • 38 citations

Brief Communication: Frequency of Mammary Cell Division in Relation to Age: Its Significance in the Induction of Mammary Tumors by Carcinogen in Rats2

1974 • 38 citations

Role of Insulin as a ‘Permissive’ Hormone in Mammary Gland Development

1973 • 37 citations

Correlation betweenin VitroGrowth and Regulation of Estrogen and Progesterone Receptors in Rat Mammary Epithelial Cells*

1984 • 37 citations

Mammary Tumorigenesis in Chemical Carcinogen-Treated Mice. II. Dependence on Hormone Stimulation for Tumorigenesis2

1974 • 37 citations

Long-term effects of perinatal exposure to hormones on normal and neoplastic mammary growth in rodents: a review.

1979 • 36 citations

Incidence of c-Ki-ras activation in N-methyl-N-nitrosourea-induced mammary carcinomas in pituitary-isografted mice.

1992 • 35 citations

Rat Differences in Mammary Tumor Induction With Estrogen and Neutron Radiation<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

1978 • 35 citations

Identification of a mammary transforming gene (MAT1) associated with mouse mammary carcinogenesis.

1994 • 33 citations

The relationship between growth fractions and oestrogen receptors in human breast carcinoma, as determined by immunohistochemical staining

1989 • 32 citations

Responsiveness and Progression of Mammary Tumors in High-Cancer-Strain Mice<xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn1">2</xref>

1962 • 31 citations

Rat Mammary Tumor Classification: Notes on Comparative Aspects&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;

1982 • 30 citations

Stimulation of DNA Synthesis by Human Placental Lactogen or Insulin in Organ Cultures of Benign Human Breast Tumors

1977 • 30 citations

DUCTO-ALVEOLAR GROWTH IN MAMMARY GLANDS OF ADRENOGONADECTOMIZED MALE RATS BEARING MAMMOTROPIC PITUITARY TUMORS¹

1960 • 29 citations

Rat Mammary Gland Differentiation in vitro in the Absence of Steroids

1968 • 28 citations

Influence of the estrous cycle during carcinogen exposure on nitrosomethylurea-induced rat mammary carcinoma.

1981 • 26 citations

Cholera Toxin Treatment Increasesin VivoGrowth and Development of the Mouse Mammary Gland*

1985 • 26 citations

Estrous cycle modification of rat mammary tumor induction by a single dose of N-methyl-N-nitrosourea.

1985 • 25 citations

Human breast epithelium transplanted into nude mice

1984 • 24 citations

Effects of alterations in early hormonal environment on development and hormone dependency of carcinogen-induced mammary tumors in rats.

1983 • 24 citations

High oestrogen excretion in pregnancy

1982 • 23 citations

Estrous cycle dependence of nitrosomethylurea (NMU)-induced preneoplastic lesions in rat mammary gland

1991 • 22 citations

Effect of Hormone on Human Mammary Duct in Vitro

1978 • 20 citations

Subpopulations of cells in immature mouse mammary gland as detected by proliferative responses to hormones in organ culture

1984 • 18 citations

Estrogen-induced breast cancer in the rat.

1966 • 18 citations

Hormonal Regulation of Mammary Tumors

1982 • 17 citations

Regression of OEstrogen Induced Mammary Tumours in Female Rats Following Removal of the Stimulus.

1941 • 17 citations

Prenatal Exposure to Diethylstilbestrol: Ovarian-Independent Growth of Mammary Tumors Induced 7,12-Dimethylbenz[&lt;italic&gt;a&lt;/italic&gt;]anthracene&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn3"&gt;3&lt;/xref&gt;

1981 • 16 citations

The DNA profile of breast cancer in situ.

1992 • 15 citations

Response of a Pregnancy-Dependent Mouse Mammary Tumor to Hormones&lt;xref ref-type="fn" rid="fn2"&gt;2&lt;/xref&gt;

1975 • 15 citations

Human breast epithelium in organ culture: Effect of hormones on growth and morphology

1981 • 13 citations

Stimulation of DNA synthesis by human placental lactogen or insulin in organ cultures of benign human breast tumors.

1977 • 13 citations

Mammary Tumour Development in BR6 Mice: Hormonal Stimulation

1970 • 11 citations

Hormones and Breast Cancer

2015 • 10 citations

The cause of species differences in mammary tumourigenesis: Significance of mammary gland DNA synthesis

1979 • 10 citations

Transplacental action of diethylstilbestrol on reproductive and endocrine organs, mammary glands, and serum hormone levels in two- and nine-month-old female rats.

1983 • 9 citations

Growth of mammary glands from monodispersed cells and susceptibility to 7,12-dimethylbenz[a]anthracene

1981 • 9 citations

Effect of TGF‐Alpha on growth of normal human breast epithelial cells in serum‐free primary culture using 3‐dimensional collagen gels.

1993 • 7 citations

Transforming c-Ki-ras Mutation Is a Preneoplastic Event in Mouse Mammary Carcinogenesis Induced In Vitro by N-Methyl-N-Nitrosourea

1990 • 6 citations

Hormones and mouse mammary tumorigenesis.

1981 • 5 citations