Evaluation of a novel in vitro assay for assessing drug penetration into avascular regions of tumours

Blood flow, oxygen and nutrient supply, and metabolic microenvironment of human tumors: a review.

1989 • 3,308 citations

The Histological Structure of Some Human Lung Cancers and the Possible Implications for Radiotherapy

1955 • 2,174 citations

Cell and Environment Interactions in Tumor Microregions: The Multicell Spheroid Model

1988 • 1,755 citations

Interstitial pH and pO2 gradients in solid tumors in vivo: High-resolution measurements reveal a lack of correlation

1997 • 1,590 citations

A marker for hypoxic cells in tumours with potential clinical applicability

1981 • 309 citations

N,N-dimethylformamide-induced alteration of cell culture characteristics and loss of tumorigenicity in cultured human colon carcinoma cells.

1979 • 261 citations

Therapeutic attack of hypoxic cells of solid tumors: presidential address.

1988 • 258 citations

Hypoxia in Tumors: A Paradigm for the Approach to Biochemical and Physiologic Heterogeneity

1988 • 246 citations

Oxygenation and differentiation in multicellular spheroids of human colon carcinoma.

1986 • 240 citations

Radiation response of multicell spheroids--an in vitro tumour model.

1976 • 236 citations

Resistance to adriamycin in multicellular spheroids

1979 • 227 citations

Characteristics of the metabolism-induced binding of misonidazole to hypoxic mammalian cells.

1983 • 187 citations

On the Access of Blood-Borne Dyes to Various Tumour Regions

1962 • 187 citations

Elevated DT-diaphorase activity and messenger RNA content in human non-small cell lung carcinoma: Relationship to the response of lung tumor xenografts to mitomycin C

1993 • 161 citations

Limited penetration of methotrexate into human osteosarcoma spheroids as a proposed model for solid tumor resistance to adjuvant chemotherapy.

1980 • 155 citations

The experimental development of bioreductive drugs and their role in cancer therapy

1993 • 137 citations

Unusual oxygen concentration dependence of toxicity of SR-4233, a hypoxic cell toxin.

1993 • 131 citations

EO9: A novel bioreductive alkylating indoloquinone with preferential solid tumour activity and lack of bone marrow toxicity in preclinical models

1993 • 106 citations

Aspects of cytotoxic drug penetration, with particular reference to anthracyclines

1987 • 91 citations

Distribution and Activity of Antineoplastic Drugs in a Tumor Model

1989 • 86 citations

Multicellular membranes as an in vitro model for extravascular diffusion in tumours.

1996 • 86 citations

The labelling of EMT-6 tumours in BALB/C mice with¹⁴C-misonidazole

1983 • 80 citations

Penetration and binding of vinblastine and 5-fluorouracil in cellular spheroids

1984 • 78 citations

Factors affecting sensitivity to EO9 in rodent and human tumour cells in vitro: DT-diaphorase activity and hypoxia

1994 • 76 citations

Phase I and Pharmacologic Study of the Novel Indoloquinone Bioreductive Alkylating Cytotoxic Drug E09

1994 • 73 citations

Relations between the penetration, binding and average concentration of cytostatic drugs in human tumour spheroids

1992 • 72 citations

A new biological framework for cancer research

1996 • 61 citations

EO9 phase II study in advanced breast, gastric, pancreatic and colorectal carcinoma by the EORTC Early Clinical Studies Group

1996 • 60 citations

In vitro activity of the novel indoloquinone EO-9 and the influence of pH on cytotoxicity

1992 • 60 citations

Chemotherapeutic attack of hypoxic tumor cells by the bioreductive alkylating agent mitomycin C

1985 • 54 citations

Detection of hypoxia by measurement of DNA damage in individual cells from spheroids and murine tumours exposed to bioreductive drugs. II. RSU 1069

1995 • 48 citations

Comparative metabolism and pharmacokinetics of doxorubicin and 4′-epidoxorubicin in plasma, heart and tumor of tumor-bearing mice

1990 • 46 citations

Bioreductive activation of a series of analogues of 5-aziridinyl-3-hydroxymethyl-1-methyl-2-[1H-indole-4, 7-dione] prop-β-en-α-ol (EO9) by human DT-diaphorase

1996 • 43 citations

A randomized phase II study with two schedules of the novel indoloquinone EO9 in non-small-cell lung cancer: A study of the EORTC Early Clinical Studies Group (ECSG)

1996 • 43 citations

Pharmacokinetics of the hypoxic cell cytotoxic agent tirapazamine and its major bioreductive metabolites in mice and humans: retrospective analysis of a pharmacokinetically guided dose-escalation strategy in a phase I trial

1997 • 38 citations

Pharmacokinetics, distribution, and metabolism of the novel bioreductive alkylating indoloquinone EO9 in rodents

1992 • 37 citations

Development, pharmacology, role of DT-diaphorase and prospects of the indoloquinone EO9

1996 • 36 citations

Pharmacokinetics and bioreductive metabolism of the novel benzotriazine di-N-oxide hypoxic cell cytotoxin tirapazamine (WIN 59075; SR 4233; NSC 130181) in mice.

1993 • 33 citations

EO9: relationship between DT-diaphorase levels and response in vitro and in vivo

1995 • 29 citations

Activity of 4'-(9-acridinylamino)methanesulfon-m-anisidide against Chinese hamster cells in multicellular spheroids.

1981 • 28 citations

Comparison of Binding of [ 3 H]Misonidazole and [ 14 C]Misonidazole in Multicell Spheroids

1985 • 28 citations

Hypoxic Fraction and Binding of Misonidazole in EMT6/Ed Multicellular Tumor Spheroids

1985 • 24 citations

New high-performance liquid chromatographic assay for plasma doxorubicin

1985 • 18 citations

Pharmacokinetics and binding of the bioreductive probe for hypoxia, NITP: effect of route of administration

1995 • 16 citations

Diversity of penetration of anti‐cancer agents into solid tumours

1991 • 15 citations

Application of analytical and semi-preparative high-performance liquid chromatography to anthracyclines and bis-anthracycline derivatives

1984 • 10 citations

Report of Workshop 5: Early high-dose chemotherapy

1996 • 9 citations

Development and validation of a sensitive solid-phase-extraction and high-performance liquid chromatography assay for the bioreductive agent tirapazamine and its major metabolites in mouse and human plasma for pharmacokinetically guided dose escalation

1995 • 7 citations