Mechanisms of stress: A dynamic overview of hormonal and behavioral homeostasis

Characterization of a 41-Residue Ovine Hypothalamic Peptide that Stimulates Secretion of Corticotropin and β-Endorphin

1982 • 3,896 citations

A Syndrome produced by Diverse Nocuous Agents

1936 • 3,733 citations

Physiological Functions of Glucocorticoids in Stress and Their Relation to Pharmacological Actions*

1984 • 3,073 citations

The wisdom of the body

1932 • 2,825 citations

Two Receptor Systems for Corticosterone in Rat Brain: Microdistribution and Differential Occupation

1985 • 2,530 citations

THE GENERAL ADAPTATION SYNDROME AND THE DISEASES OF ADAPTATION1

1946 • 2,239 citations

A Specific Laboratory Test for the Diagnosis of Melancholia

1981 • 2,238 citations

The Neuroendocrinology of Stress and Aging: The Glucocorticoid Cascade Hypothesis*

1986 • 2,235 citations

Nucleus locus ceruleus: new evidence of anatomical and physiological specificity

1983 • 1,877 citations

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

1967 • 1,860 citations

ORGANIZATION FOR PHYSIOLOGICAL HOMEOSTASIS

1929 • 1,692 citations

Stress Hormones: Their Interaction and Regulation

1984 • 1,534 citations

Interleukin-1 Stimulates the Secretion of Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1987 • 1,512 citations

β-Endorphin and Adrenocorticotropin Are Selected Concomitantly by the Pituitary Gland

1977 • 1,426 citations

Corticosteroid Inhibition of ACTH Secretion*

1984 • 1,212 citations

Prolonged glucocorticoid exposure reduces hippocampal neuron number: implications for aging

1985 • 1,129 citations

A CHOLINERGIC-ADRENERGIC HYPOTHESIS OF MANIA AND DEPRESSION

1972 • 1,077 citations

Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression

1988 • 1,052 citations

An introduction to the history of medicine

1929 • 926 citations

Affectional Response in the Infant Monkey

1959 • 914 citations

NEURAL CONTROL OF THE PITUITARY GLAND

1948 • 909 citations

A Review of Psychoendocrine Research on the Pituitary-Adrenal Cortical System

1968 • 874 citations

A molecular basis for bidirectional communication between the immune and neuroendocrine systems.

1989 • 842 citations

Impulse activity of locus coeruleus neurons in awake rats and monkeys is a function of sensory stimulation and arousal.

1980 • 836 citations

The Serum Transport of Steroid Hormones

1982 • 777 citations

Responses to Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Hypercortisolism of Depression and Cushing's Disease

1986 • 773 citations

Disrupted 24-hour Patterns of Cortisol Secretion in Psychotic Depression

1973 • 761 citations

The Genuine Works of Hippocrates.

1940 • 755 citations

Corticotropin releasing factor produces behavioural activation in rats

1982 • 752 citations

An Introduction to the History of Medicine

1914 • 726 citations

Inflammatory mediator-induced hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis activation is defective in streptococcal cell wall arthritis-susceptible Lewis rats.

1989 • 723 citations

Evolution of the Stress Concept

2020 • 713 citations

Selective Retention of Corticosterone by Limbic Structures in Rat Brain

1968 • 700 citations

Glucocorticoids Potentiate Ischemic Injury to Neurons: Therapeutic Implications

1985 • 677 citations

The Immune-Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis*

1989 • 671 citations

Corticosteroids inhibit murine macrophage Ia expression and interleukin 1 production.

1982 • 665 citations

Behavioral depression produced by an uncontrollable stressor: Relationship to norepinephrine, dopamine, and serotonin levels in various regions of rat brain

1981 • 659 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor: Actions on the Sympathetic Nervous System and Metabolism*

1982 • 655 citations

The neurosciences. Third study program

1975 • 623 citations

A central nervous system defect in biosynthesis of corticotropin-releasing hormone is associated with susceptibility to streptococcal cell wall-induced arthritis in Lewis rats.

1989 • 579 citations

The evolution of the stress concept

1970 • 579 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced inhibition of T cell growth factor production. I. The effect on mitogen-induced lymphocyte proliferation.

1979 • 567 citations

Intraventricular corticotropin-releasing factor enhances behavioral effects of novelty

1982 • 536 citations

Modulation of stress-induced ACTH release by corticotropin-releasing factor, catecholamines and vasopressin

1983 • 535 citations

Stress-Induced Inhibition of Reproductive Functions: Role of Endogenous Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1986 • 534 citations

Intrinsic Mechanisms of Pain Inhibition: Activation by Stress

1984 • 528 citations

Clinical and Biochemical Manifestations of Depression

1988 • 528 citations

Growth Hormone Stimulates Longitudinal Bone Growth Directly

1982 • 524 citations

Brain Aging Correlates: Retardation by Hormonal-Pharmacological Treatments

1981 • 519 citations

Mapping of Glucocorticoid Receptor Immunoreactive Neurons in the Rat Tel- and Diencephalon Using a Monoclonal Antibody against Rat Liver Glucocorticoid Receptor*

1985 • 512 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Activity of Monokines

1985 • 500 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor receptors are widely distributed within the rat central nervous system: an autoradiographic study

1985 • 474 citations

Alterations in the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Ovarian and the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axes in Athletic Women*

1989 • 473 citations

Abnormal Hypothalamic–Pituitary–Adrenal Function in Anorexia Nervosa

1986 • 453 citations

Interleukin-6 stimulates the secretion of adrenocorticotropic hormone in conscious, freely-moving rats

1988 • 428 citations

Isolation and sequence analysis of the human corticotropin-releasing factor precursor gene.

1983 • 420 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor immunoreactivity is widely distributed within the central nervous system of the rat: an immunohistochemical study

1983 • 419 citations

Regulation of the in vitro antibody response by neuroendocrine hormones

1982 • 405 citations

Life Events and Depressive Disorder Reviewed

1980 • 402 citations

Corticotrophin releasing factor, grooming and ingestive behavior

1982 • 399 citations

Interactions between the Neuroendocrine and Immune Systems: Common Hormones and Receptors

1987 • 371 citations

Glucocorticoid-Induced Inhibition of T Cell Growth Factor Production

1979 • 364 citations

Corticotropin releasing factor (CRF): immunoreactive neurones and fibers in rat hypothalamus

1982 • 362 citations

Direct Inhibitory Effect of Glucocorticoids upon Testicular Luteinizing Hormone Receptor and Steroidogenesisin Vivoandin Vitro*

1981 • 360 citations

Influence of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor on Reproductive Functions in the Rat^*

1984 • 356 citations

Stress and the Mesocorticolimbic Dopamine Systemsa

1988 • 337 citations

Turner syndrome: Spontaneous growth in 150 cases and review of the literature

1983 • 335 citations

Emotional Deprivation and Growth Retardation Simulating Idiopathic Hypopituitarism

1967 • 323 citations

Prefrontal cortical dopamine depletion enhances the responsiveness of mesolimbic dopamine neurons to stress

1990 • 308 citations

Alterations in immunocompetence during stress, bereavement, and depression: focus on neuroendocrine regulation

1987 • 308 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor is a potent inhibitor of sexual receptivity in the female rat

1983 • 294 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor and behavior.

1985 • 293 citations

Behavioral and physiological suppression of fertility in subordinate marmoset monkeys

1984 • 291 citations

The adrenocorticol stress-response in the aged male rat: Impairment of recovery from stress

1983 • 288 citations

Iontophoretic application of opiates to the locus coeruleus

1977 • 287 citations

Early postnatal handling alters glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in selected brain regions.

2013 • 287 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Decreases Plasma Luteinizing Hormone Levels in Female Rats by Inhibiting Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone Release into Hypophysial-Portal Circulation*

1987 • 286 citations

Cortisol-Induced Suppression of Plasma Testosterone in Normal Adult Males

1976 • 277 citations

The distribution of corticotropin releasing factor-like immunoreactive neurons in rat brain

1982 • 276 citations

FOETAL PLASMA CORTICOSTEROIDS AND THE INITIATION OF PARTURITION IN SHEEP

1969 • 274 citations

Emotional Deprivation and Growth Retardation Simulating Idiopathic Hypopituitarism

1967 • 265 citations

Early postnatal handling alters glucocorticoid receptor concentrations in selected brain regions.

1985 • 264 citations

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF): CENTRAL EFFECTS ON MEAN ARTERIAL PRESSURE AND HEART RATE IN RATS.

1982 • 263 citations

Biochemical effects of corticosteroids on neural tissues

1985 • 248 citations

The Responses of Plasma Adrenocorticotropin and Cortisol to Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone (CRH) and Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoreactive CRH in Anorexia Nervosa Patients*

1986 • 241 citations

Stress and Coping Across Development

2013 • 236 citations

Reversal of performance deficits and perceptual deficits in learned helplessness and depression.

1976 • 233 citations

The effects of early postnatal handling on hippocampal glucocorticoid receptor concentrations: temporal parameters

1985 • 232 citations

ACh, substance P and met-enkephalin in the locus coeruleus: Pharmacological evidence for independent sites of action

1979 • 230 citations

Elevated Cerebrospinal Fluid Levels of Immunoreactive Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Anorexia Nervosa: Relation to State of Nutrition, Adrenal Function, and Intensity of Depression

1987 • 229 citations

Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats.

1970 • 229 citations

Interactions between Tumor Necrosis Factor-α, Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone, and Adrenocorticotropin Secretion in the Rat*

1990 • 227 citations

STIMULATION OF THE RELEASE OF CORTICOTROPIN FROM THE ADENOHYPOPHYSIS BY A NEUROHYPOPHYSIAL FACTOR¹

1955 • 223 citations

Hormones and Resistance

1971 • 223 citations

PITUITARY–ADRENAL SYSTEM HORMONES AND BEHAVIOR

1978 • 215 citations

The Differential Effect of In Vivo Hydrocortisone on the Kinetics of Subpopulations of Human Peripheral Blood Thymus-Derived Lymphocytes

1978 • 200 citations

Serotonin Agonists Cause Parallel Activation of the Sympathoadrenomedullary System and the Hypothalamo-Pituitary-Adrenocortical Axis in Conscious Rats

1989 • 183 citations

Prevalence of oligomenorrhea and amenorrhea in a college population

1982 • 182 citations

Glucocorticoid toxicity in the hippocampus: Temporal aspects of neuronal vulnerability

1985 • 182 citations

Opioids Act Centrally to Modulate Stress-Induced Decrease in Luteinizing Hormone in the Rat*

1986 • 175 citations

Effects of Acute Stress on Serum LH and Prolactin in Intact, Castrate and Dexamethasone-Treated Male Rats*

1975 • 171 citations

Mechanisms of Physical and Emotional Stress

1988 • 165 citations

Corticosterone receptors decline in a site-specific manner in the aged rat brain

1983 • 162 citations

Glucocorticoid Physiology, Pharmacology and Stress

1986 • 159 citations

Regulation of lymphokine (gamma-interferon) production by corticotropin.

1984 • 158 citations

Endocrine Responses to Stressful Psychological Events

1980 • 155 citations

Regulation of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor (CRF) Receptors in the Rat Pituitary Gland: Effects of Adrenalectomy on CRF Receptors and Corticotroph Responses

1985 • 154 citations

Endogenous Opioid Peptides Modulate the Effect of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor on Gonadotropin Release in the Primate*

1987 • 150 citations

Multiple feedback regulatory loops upon rat hypothalamic corticotropin-releasing hormone secretion. Potential clinical implications.

1988 • 150 citations

Cerebrospinal Fluid Immunoreactive Cortieotropin-Releasing Hormone and Adrenocorticotropin Secretion in Cushing's Disease and Major Depression: Potential Clinical Implications

1991 • 146 citations

Activating and ‘anxiogenic’ effects of corticotropin releasing factor are not inhibited by blockade of the pituitary-adrenal system with dexamethasone

1986 • 145 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid opioid activity in anorexia nervosa

1982 • 145 citations

Intrahypothalamic action of corticotrophin-releasing factor (CRF) to inhibit growth hormone and LH release in the rat

1984 • 145 citations

The distribution and cells of origin of ACTH(1–39)-stained varicosities in the paraventricular and supraoptic nuclei

1982 • 144 citations

Genetic and maternal contributions to individual differences in rhesus monkey biobehavioral development.

1987 • 140 citations

Stimulation of hypothalamic β-endorphin and dynorphin release by corticotropin-releasing factor (in vitro)

1986 • 138 citations

Involvement of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor and Somatostatin in Stress-Induced Inhibition of Growth Hormone Secretion in the Rat*

1985 • 129 citations

Immunoreactive Corticotropin and Corticotropin Releasing Factor in Human Hypothalamus, Adrenal, Lung Cancer, and Pheochromocytoma*

1984 • 129 citations

Cholinomimetic and anticholinergic drugs used to investigate an acetylcholine hypothesis of affective disorders and stress

1984 • 126 citations

Clinical Applications of Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1985 • 124 citations

Life Events Precipitating Mania

1983 • 116 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Inhibition of Gonadotropin Release and the Effect of Opioid Blockade

1989 • 116 citations

Expectancy and the Pituitary — Adrenal System

1972 • 115 citations

Effects of Dexamethasone on LH Release and Ovulation in the Cyclic Rat¹²

1974 • 114 citations

Psychosocial influences on ovarian endocrine and ovulatory function in Macaca fascicularis

1985 • 112 citations

Stress, Neuropeptides, and Systemic Disease

1991 • 111 citations

Behaviourally mediated suppression of reproduction in female primates

1987 • 110 citations

Clinical studies with corticotropin releasing factor: implications for the diagnosis and pathophysiology of depression, Cushing's disease, and adrenal insufficiency

1985 • 110 citations

Anxiety: New Research and Changing Concepts

1982 • 108 citations

Down-regulation of neural corticosterone receptors by corticosterone and dexamethasone

1985 • 108 citations

CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR (CRF) ACTS CENTRALLY TO INHIBIT GROWTH HORMONE SECRETION IN THE RAT

1984 • 106 citations

The genuine works of hippocrates

1939 • 102 citations

Effects of Chronic Intermittent Immobilization Stress on Rat Testicular Androgenic Function*

1981 • 102 citations

Short stature and celiac disease: A relationship to consider even in patients with no gastrointestinal tract symptoms

1983 • 101 citations

Glucocorticoids Inhibit Estradiol-Mediated Uterine Growth: Possible Role of the Uterine Estradlol Receptor

1990 • 100 citations

Serum somatomedin-C in hypopituitarism and in other disorders of growth

1977 • 99 citations

Stress and Reproduction: Physiologic and Pathophysiologic Interactions between the Stress and Reproductive Axes

1988 • 98 citations

Endocrine and behavioral correlates of drought in wild olive baboons (Papio anubis)

1986 • 96 citations

Cardiovascular changes during arousal elicited by stimulation of amygdala, hypothalamus and locus coeruleus

1981 • 94 citations

Selye's Guide to Stress Research, vol 1

1981 • 94 citations

Effects of stress on the gonadal function

1984 • 93 citations

Stress-induced immobility in rats with cholinergic supersensitivity

1986 • 92 citations

Psychosocial Dwarfism: A Critical Review of the Evidence

1984 • 89 citations

Effects of Short and Long Duration Hypothyroidism and Hyperthyroidism on the Plasma Adrenocorticotropin and Corticosterone Responses to Ovine Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in Rats*

1991 • 87 citations

Adaptation to stress: Tyrosine hydroxylase activity and catecholamine release

1983 • 86 citations

The Muscarinic Cholinergic Agonist Arecoline Stimulates the Rat Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis Through a Centrally-Mediated Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone-Dependent Mechanism

1989 • 83 citations

Arachidonic Acid Metabolites Modulate Rat Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in vitro

1989 • 80 citations

Genetic and pharmacological models of cholinergic supersensitivity and affective disorders

1988 • 78 citations

Inhibition by Adrenocorticotrophin of Gonadotrophin-Induced Ovulation in Immature Female Rats

1969 • 78 citations

Spatial learning and the hippocampal corticosterone receptor system of old rats: effect of the ACTH4–9 analogue ORG 2766

1984 • 76 citations

Activation of the locus coeruleus induced by selective stimulation of the ventral tegmental area

1986 • 73 citations

Permissibility of hormone action; a review.

1954 • 73 citations

Supplemental stimulation of preterm neonates

1980 • 71 citations

Catecholamine-glucocorticoid interactions during surgical stress

1987 • 69 citations

Fundamental Neuroanatomy

1987 • 69 citations

Mescaline and LSD facilitate the activation of locus coeruleus neurons by peripheral stimuli

1980 • 64 citations

The Syndrome of Abuse Dwarfism (Psychosocial Dwarfism or Reversible Hyposomatotropism)

1977 • 62 citations

Effects of Adrenocorticotropin and Corticosterone on the Negative Feedback Action of Testosterone in the Adult Male Rat

1984 • 55 citations

Steroid Hormone Resistance

1986 • 55 citations

Receptors and Actions of Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone in the Primate Pituitary Gland

1987 • 54 citations

Mechanisms by which stressful stimuli activate the pituitary-adrenal system.

1985 • 53 citations

Amygdala: Role in Autonomic and Neuroendocrine Responses to Stress

1991 • 53 citations

Concomitant Changes in the in vitro and in vivo Release of Opioid Peptides and Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone from the Hypothalamus following Blockade of Receptors for Corticotropin-Releasing Factor

1988 • 52 citations

Prenatal stress effects over two generations in rats

1986 • 50 citations

CRF and catecholamines; their place in the central and peripheral regulation of the stress response

1986 • 50 citations

Effects of β-endorphin on ornithine decarboxylase in tissues of developing rats: A potential role for this endogenous neuropeptide in the modulation of tissue growth

1986 • 48 citations

Sympathoadrenomedullary Inhibition by Chronic Glucocorticoid Treatment in Conscious Rats

1988 • 45 citations

Effects of "Stress" on Pulsatile Luteinizing Hormone Release in Ovariectomized Rats

1975 • 43 citations

The Alkyl-Ether Phospholipid Platelet-Activating Factor is a Stimulator of the Hypothalamic-Pituitary-Adrenal Axis in the Rat*

1989 • 42 citations

Psychoneuroendocrinology: Brain, Behavior, and Hormonal Interactions

1990 • 41 citations

CENTRAL MODULATION OF IMMUNOREACTIVE ARGININE VASOPRESSIN AND OXYTOCIN SECRETION INTO THE HYPOPHYSIAL-PORTAL CIRCULATION BY CORTICOTROPIN-RELEASING FACTOR.

1985 • 41 citations

Regulation of Rat Hypothalamic Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone Secretion in vitro: Potential Clinical Implications

1988 • 40 citations

Psychoneuroendocrinology

1986 • 40 citations

Effects of stress on muscarinic mechanisms

1988 • 40 citations

ACTH, but not corticosterone impairs habituation and reduces exploration

1978 • 38 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Hormone: From Endocrinology to Psychobiology

1989 • 37 citations

Effect of stress administered during pregnancy on the development of fetal testes and their subsequent function in the adult rat

1985 • 37 citations

Glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid antagonists: lessons from RU 486.

1988 • 37 citations

Sympathoadrenal Medullary System and Stress

1988 • 37 citations

Pituitary-adrenal influences on behavior: Responses to test situations with or without electric footshock

1973 • 36 citations

CRH Effects on Central Noradrenergic Neurons: Relationship to Stress

1988 • 35 citations

CHOLINERGIC-ADRENERGIC HYPOTHESIS OF MANIA AND DEPRESSION

1972 • 34 citations

Effect of Hydrocortisone on Embryonic Survival in Sheep

1968 • 33 citations

Catecholamines and the Sympathoadrenal System

1976 • 31 citations

Molecular biology of stress

1990 • 30 citations

Chronic inescapable footshock produces cholinergic system supersensitivity

1987 • 30 citations

Mechanism of the antihypertensive effect of K depletion in the spontaneously hypertensive rat

1988 • 29 citations

Effects of acute stress on the patterns of LH secretion in the common marmoset (Callithrix jacchus)

1988 • 29 citations

The Effect of Chronic Environmental Stress on Premature Aging in the Rat

1965 • 29 citations

Glucocorticoids and glucocorticoid antagonists: lessons from RU 486.

1988 • 28 citations

Adrenocortical and Thyroid Function in the Deprivation Syndrome

1970 • 27 citations

Abuse‐dwarfism syndrome: After rescue, statural and intellectual catchup growth correlate

1983 • 26 citations

Exploration and motor activity after intraventricular ACTH, morphine and naloxone

1981 • 25 citations

Cushing’s Syndrome

1982 • 24 citations

In Situ Hybridization Detection of Marked Differences in Pre-Proopiomelanocortin Messenger Ribonucleic Acid Content of Individual Corticotropes and Melanotropes*

1989 • 23 citations

The effect of ACTH1–24 on locomotion, exploration, rearing, and grooming

1978 • 23 citations

Monokines, lymphokines, and the brain.

1989 • 23 citations

High molecular weight peptide with corticotropin-releasing factor activity from porcine hypothalami.

1981 • 23 citations

Naloxone reversal of stress-induced reproductive effects in the male rhesus monkey

1985 • 22 citations

Corticotropin releasing factor: basic and clinical studies.

1983 • 22 citations

Introduction: The Concept of Stress and Its Historical Development

1988 • 22 citations

Characterization of Adrenal Autonomy in Cushing's Syndrome: A Comparison betweenin Vivoandin VitroResponsiveness of the Adrenal Gland

1990 • 21 citations

Corticotropin Releasing Factor Receptors: Characterization and Actions in the Anterior Pituitary Gland

1988 • 19 citations

Naloxone reversal of stress-induced suppression of LH release in the common marmoset

1989 • 17 citations

The relationships of historically defined subtypes of depression to ACTH and cortisol levels in depression: Preliminary study

1985 • 14 citations

The Stress Response-A Dynamic Overview

1988 • 13 citations

An acetylcholine hypothesis of stress modulation.

1985 • 12 citations

Short Stature

1988 • 7 citations

Hormones and Resistance

1972 • 5 citations

Lack of antibody formation during long-term subcutaneous treatment with the somatostatin analogue octreotide in acromegaly

1990 • 5 citations

A Theoretical Model for Classical Psychosocial Dwarfism (Psychosocially Determined Short Stature)

1990 • 4 citations

Intelligence (IQ) Lost and Regained: The Psychoneuroendocrinology of Failure to Thrive, Catch-up Growth, the Syndrome of Abuse Dwarfism, and Munchausen’s Syndrome by Proxy

1990 • 2 citations

Cardiovascular Instability Induced by Intracerebroventricular Administration of Vasopressin or Corticotrophin‐Releasing Factor in Conscious Long Evans and Brattleboro Rats

1990 • 2 citations

Automating Wet Chemistry with FIA

1984 • 1 citations

The year in immunology 1988, vol. 5: Immunoregulatory cytokines and cell growth

1989 • 1 citations

Short stature. Etiology, diagnosis, and treatment

1988 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations