Insulin degradation by insulin target cells

Coated pits, coated vesicles, and receptor-mediated endocytosis

1979 • 2,073 citations

125I-labeled human epidermal growth factor. Binding, internalization, and degradation in human fibroblasts.

1976 • 1,293 citations

Endocytosis

1977 • 1,275 citations

The ɛ-(γ-Glutamyl)Lysine Crosslink and the Catalytic Role of Transglutaminases

1977 • 813 citations

Insulin interactions with its receptors: Experimental evidence for negative cooperativity

1973 • 717 citations

Receptor-mediated endocytosis: insights from the lipoprotein receptor system.

1979 • 701 citations

Direct visualization of binding, aggregation, and internalization of insulin and epidermal growth factor on living fibroblastic cells

1978 • 647 citations

Site-site interactions among insulin receptors. Characterization of the negative cooperativity.

1976 • 601 citations

Membrane receptors for hormones and neurotransmitters.

1976 • 573 citations

Transglutaminase is essential in receptor-mediated endocytosis of α2-macroglobulin and polypeptide hormones

1980 • 535 citations

Membrane Receptors and Hormone Action

1976 • 484 citations

Binding and degradation of 125I-insulin by rat hepatocytes.

1975 • 419 citations

Insulin Interactions with Liver Plasma Membranes

1972 • 396 citations

Binding and degradation of 125I-labelled insulin by isolated rat fat cells

1973 • 339 citations

Insulin-Like Activity of Concanavalin A and Wheat Germ Agglutinin—Direct Interactions with Insulin Receptors

1973 • 310 citations

Molecular Basis of Insulin Action

1985 • 309 citations

Peptide hormone binding to receptors: A review of direct studies in vitro

1973 • 286 citations

Metabolism of Isolated Fat Cells

1966 • 277 citations

Effects of Autoantibodies to the Insulin Receptor on Isolated Adipocytes

1977 • 244 citations

Binding and uptake of 125I-insulin into rat liver hepatocytes and endothelium. An in vivo radioautographic study.

1979 • 223 citations

Antibodies to Purified Insulin Receptor Have Insulin-Like Activity

1978 • 222 citations

Intracellular Translocation of Iodine-125-Labeled Insulin: Direct Demonstration in Isolated Hepatocytes

1978 • 220 citations

Evidence for the Involvement of Sulfhydryl Oxidation in the Regulation of Fat Cell Hexose Transport by Insulin

1974 • 209 citations

Internalization of polypeptide hormones

1980 • 207 citations

Insulin binding to the human lymphocyte receptor. Evaluation of the negative cooperativity model.

1977 • 205 citations

Insulin-sensitive phosphodiesterase. Its localization, hormonal stimulation, and oxidative stabilization.

1975 • 203 citations

Intracellular polypeptide hormone receptors. The demonstration of specific binding sites for insulin and human growth hormone in Golgi fractions isolated from the liver of female rats.

1978 • 196 citations

The fate of insulin bound to adipocytes. Evidence for compartmentalization and processing.

1978 • 189 citations

The effect of insulin upon glucose metabolism by adipose cells of different size

1971 • 185 citations

Effects of lysosomotropic agents on insulin interactions with adipocytes. Evidence for a lysosomal pathway for insulin processing and degradation.

1979 • 185 citations

Binding and receptor-mediated degradation of insulin in adipocytes

1978 • 180 citations

Actions of insulin in fat cells. Effects of low temperature, uncouplers of oxidative phosphorylation, and respiratory inhibitors.

1977 • 175 citations

Lysosomal association of internalized 125I-insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes. Direct demonstration by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography.

1979 • 174 citations

Insulin Today

1977 • 172 citations

Cellular uptake and nuclear binding of insulin in human cultured lymphocytes: evidence for potential intracellular sites of insulin action.

1977 • 171 citations

125I-insulin binding to cultured human lymphocytes. Initial localization and fate of hormone determined by quantitative electron microscopic autoradiography.

1978 • 171 citations

METABOLIC AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL CHANGES INDUCED IN ADIPOSE TISSUE BY INSULIN

1960 • 169 citations

Internalization and degradation of fat cell-bound insulin. Separation and partial characterization of subcellular vesicles associated with iodoinsulin.

1979 • 161 citations

Mechanisms of oxidizing enzymes

1978 • 153 citations

The inactivation of crystalline insulin by cysteine and glutathione.

1931 • 151 citations

Binding of insulin to isolated nuclei.

1976 • 146 citations

Insulin-like Effects of Trypsin on Fat Cells

1971 • 138 citations

Retention and degradation of 125I-insulin by perfused livers from diabetic rats.

1976 • 135 citations

THE DESTRUCTION OF I131-LABELED INSULIN BY RAT LIVER EXTRACTS

1955 • 135 citations

Entry of Insulin Into Human Cultured Lymphocytes: Electron Microscope Autoradiographic Analysis

1978 • 135 citations

Intracellular polypeptide hormone receptors. Characterization of insulin binding sites in Golgi fractions from the liver of female rats.

1978 • 123 citations

Isolation of an Insulin-degrading Enzyme from Beef Liver

1959 • 119 citations

Purification of Insulin-Specific Protease by Affinity Chromatography

1972 • 119 citations

The inactivation of insulin by tissue extracts; the distribution and properties of insulin inactivating extracts.

1949 • 118 citations

INSULIN BINDING TO RAT LIVER GOLGI FRACTIONS

1973 • 117 citations

Uptake of insulin by plasmalemma and Golgi subcellular fractions of rat liver.

1980 • 116 citations

Insulin Resistance Caused by Massive Degradation of Subcutaneous Insulin

1979 • 115 citations

The nuclear envelope. The major site of insulin binding in rat liver nuclei.

1978 • 112 citations

Hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase.

1962 • 108 citations

Characterization of a Rat Liver Protease with Specificity for Insulin1

1972 • 108 citations

Role of the Kidney in Insulin Metabolism and Excretion

1968 • 107 citations

Metabolism of Insulin-I131 Studies in Isolated, Perfused Rat Liver and Hind-limb Preparations

1959 • 104 citations

Purification and Characterization of a Protease with Specificity for Insulin from Rat Muscle

1971 • 97 citations

Absorption kinetics of subcutaneously injected insulin

1979 • 97 citations

Lysosomal Degradation of Receptor-bound 125I-labeled Insulin by Rat Adipocytes: Its Characterization and Dissociation from the Short-term Biologic Effects of Insulin

1980 • 96 citations

Pathogenesis of glucose intolerance in uremia

1978 • 95 citations

Cellular binding sites for insulin in rat liver

1975 • 94 citations

Mode of uptake and degradation of ¹²⁵I-labelled insulin by isolated hepatocytes and H4 hepatoma cells

1979 • 94 citations

Mode of Action of an Insulin-degrading Enzyme from Beef Liver

1962 • 93 citations

Stimulation of glucose metabolism by lectins in isolated white fat cells

1973 • 93 citations

Electron Microscopic Demonstration of Insulin Receptors on Adipocyte Plasma Membranes Utilizing a Ferritin-Insulin Conjugate

1974 • 90 citations

STUDIES ON THE MECHANISM OF CAPTURE AND DEGRADATION OF INSULIN‐I¹³¹ BY THE CYCLICALLY PERFUSED RAT LIVER

1959 • 89 citations

Insulin and Glucagon Degradation by the Same Enzyme

1974 • 87 citations

Characterization of insulin-like actions of anti-insulin receptor antibodies. Effects on insulin binding, insulin degradation, and glycogen synthesis in isolated rat hepatocytes.

1980 • 86 citations

Initial site of insulin cleavage by insulin protease.

1979 • 84 citations

Intracellular localization of 125I-labeled insulin in hepatocytes from intact rat liver.

1979 • 84 citations

Effect of insulin on amino acid transport in isolated rat hepatocytes

1978 • 80 citations

Studies of the Insulin-like Actions of Polyamines on Lipid and Glucose Metabolism in Adipose Tissue Cells

1974 • 78 citations

Insulinase-inhibitory Activity of Protein Hydrolysates.

1957 • 77 citations

Intracellular binding sites for insulin are immunologically distinct from those on the plasma membrane

1977 • 75 citations

Metabolism of Insulin and Glucagon

1973 • 75 citations

Inhibitors of 125I-epidermal growth factor internalization

1980 • 74 citations

The essential groups of insulin

1950 • 72 citations

THE INTRACELLULAR LOCALIZATION OF LABELED THYROXINE AND LABELED INSULIN IN MAMMALIAN LIVER¹

1954 • 69 citations

Functional relationships between insulin binding, action, and degradation. A reassessment.

1980 • 68 citations

Degradation of Insulin and Proinsulin by Various Organ Homogenates of Rat

1972 • 68 citations

Effect of Age and Weight on Plasma Glucose and Insulin Responses in the Rat†

1977 • 67 citations

Anti-insulin receptor antibodies inhibit insulin binding and stimulate glucose metabolism in skeletal muscle

1978 • 67 citations

Insulin degradation V. Unmasking of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase in rat liver microsomal membrane

1973 • 66 citations

Degradation of Insulin by Isolated Rat Liver Cells

1975 • 66 citations

Glucagon and Insulin Binding to Liver Membranes in a Partially Nephrectomized Uremic Rat Model

1977 • 63 citations

Insulin binding sites on rat liver nuclear membranes: Biochemical and immunofluorescent studies

1978 • 63 citations

Insulin receptors and the site of action of insulin

1978 • 62 citations

Metabolism of Insulin and Glucagon. Breakdown of Radioiodinated Insulin and Glucagon in Rat Liver Cell Fractions

1971 • 60 citations

Reduction of Insulin by Extracts of Rat Liver

1959 • 59 citations

The inactivation of insulin by tissue extracts; the effect of fasting on the insulinase content of rat liver.

1949 • 57 citations

Insulin degradation I. Purification and properties of glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase of rat liver

1972 • 56 citations

Sequential Degradation of Insulin by Rat Liver Homogenates

1972 • 56 citations

Insulin-like Effect of Clostridial Phospholipase C, Neuraminidase, and Other Bacterial Factors on Brown Fat Cells

1971 • 54 citations

In vivo and in vitro metabolism of insulin-I 131 and glucagon-I 131 in normal and cortisone-treated rabbits.

1957 • 54 citations

Insulin Degradation by Liver Cell Membranes*

1979 • 53 citations

Insulin degradation X. Identification of insulin degrading activity of rat liver plasma membrane as glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase

1973 • 51 citations

Insulin-degrading Activity of Plasma Membranes from Rat Skeletal Muscle: Its Isolation, Characterization, and Biologic Significance

1979 • 49 citations

Effect of acute uremia on insulin removal by the isolated perfused rat liver and muscle

1978 • 46 citations

THE HYPOGLYCEMIC AND INSULINASE INHIBITORY ACTION OF L-TRYPTOPHAN1

1956 • 46 citations

Degradation of 131I-Insulins by Rat Liver

1972 • 44 citations

Insulin Degradation: VI. Feedback Control by Insulin of Liver Glutathione-Insulin Transhydrogenase in Rat

1974 • 44 citations

THE ACTION OF SULFHYDRYL COMPOUNDS ON INSULIN

1933 • 43 citations

Insulin Degradation by Isolated Fat Cells and their Subcellular Fractions

1975 • 42 citations

An Evaluation of the Importance of Lysosomal and Neutral Cytosol Proteases in Insulin Degradation by Adipocytes*

1981 • 42 citations

Characterization of the Insulin Receptor and Insulin-Degrading Activity from Human Lymphocytes by Quantitative Polyacrylamide Gel Electrophoresis*

1980 • 41 citations

The identity of the insulin degrading thiol‐protein disulfide oxidoreductase (glutathione—insulin transhydrogenase) with the sulfhydryl‐disulfide interchange enzyme

1973 • 41 citations

THE HYPOGLYCEMIC ACTION OF METABOLIC DERIVATIVES OF L-TRYPTOPHAN BY MOUTH12

1957 • 40 citations

Insulin Metabolizing Enzyme Activities in Human Placental Tissue

1973 • 39 citations

Insulin stimulation of amino acid transport in isolated rat hepatocytes is independent of hormone internalization

1979 • 39 citations

Insulin-induced receptor loss in the cultured human lymphocyte: quantitative morphological perturbations in the cell and plasma membrane

1979 • 39 citations

Hypoglycemic Action of Indole-3-Acetic Acid by Mouth in Patients with Diabetes Mellitus.

1956 • 39 citations

Effect of prolonged uremia on insulin metabolism by isolated liver and muscle

1979 • 39 citations

Autoantibodies to the insulin receptor activate glycogen synthase in rat adipocytes

1978 • 37 citations

Accelerated Insulin Degradation: An Alternate Mechanism for Insulin Resistance

1979 • 37 citations

Insulin resistance caused by massive degradation of subcutaneous insulin

1979 • 36 citations

The inactivation of insulin by an enzyme from rat liver

1954 • 34 citations

The Effect of Age on Insulin-degrading Activity in Rat Tissue

1979 • 34 citations

The Effect of Aprotinin on the Absorption of Subcutaneously Injected Regular Insulin in Normal Subjects

1980 • 34 citations

Insulin degradation: XVI. Evidence for the Sequential Degradative Pathway in Isolated Liver Cells

1976 • 34 citations

STUDIES ON THE SPECIFICITY OF AN INSULIN-INACTIVATING SYSTEM OF THE LIVER

1955 • 33 citations

Structure and Activity of Insulin, XII. Further Studies on Biologically Active Synthetic Fragments of the B-Chain

1973 • 32 citations

THE LOCALIZATION AND METABOLISM OF I¹³¹INSULIN IN THE MUSCLE AND SOME OTHER TISSUES OF THE RAT¹

1959 • 31 citations

Time-course of insulin degradation in perifused isolated rat adipose cells.

1980 • 31 citations

Relationship of binding to internalization of125I-insulin in isolated rat hepatocytes

1979 • 30 citations

Apparent Insulin Resistance due to Abnormal Enzymatic Insulin Degradation: A New Mechanism for Insulin Resistance

1980 • 30 citations

Subcellular distribution of intraportally injected 125I-labeled insulin in rat liver

1979 • 28 citations

Modulation of 125I-insulin degradation by receptors in liver plasma membranes

1977 • 26 citations

Metabolic disposition of [131I]iodoinsulin within the rat diaphragm☆

1970 • 26 citations

Insulin degradation by adipose tissue. Studies at several levels of cellular organization

1980 • 25 citations

Insulin Binding and Degradation by Muscles from Streptozotocin-diabetic Rats

1979 • 24 citations

Insulin degradation

1974 • 24 citations

Lysosomal degradation of receptor-bound 125I-labeled insulin by rat adipocytes: its characterization and dissociation from the short-term biologic effects of insulin

1980 • 23 citations

Turnover of hepatic glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase (disulfide interchange enzyme) in normal and diabetic rats utilizing a new simplified isolation procedure.

1980 • 22 citations

Substrate Studies for Insulin-Specific Protease

1973 • 22 citations

The Binding and Degradation of Insulin by Rat Liver Membranes: Demonstration of Three Distinct Insulin-Binding Components in Detergent-Solubilized Material from Liver Plasma Membrane*

1980 • 21 citations

The Importance of Proteolysis as the Initial Step of Insulin Degradation in Rat Liver Homogenates*

1979 • 21 citations

Inhibition of degradation of insulin by ophthalamic acid and by a bovine pancreatic proteinase inhibitor

1979 • 20 citations

Inhibition of insulin degradation by nonsuppressible insulin-like activity.

1976 • 20 citations

The effect of aprotinin on the absorption of subcutaneously injected regular insulin in normal subjects

1980 • 20 citations

The Effect of Insulin on Fat Cells: An Insulin Degrading System Extracted from Plasma Membranes of Insulin Responsive Cells

1972 • 19 citations

Localization of [125I]-insulin in subcellular particles of perfused rat liver

1980 • 18 citations

Distribution of insulin receptors among mouse liver endomembranes

1979 • 18 citations

The inactivation of insulin by tissue extracts. VI. The existence, distribution and properties of an insulinase inhibitor.

1950 • 16 citations

Insulin degradation XXV. Glutathione-insulin transhydrogenase activity of rat liver and kidney during the development of stretptozotocin-diabetes

1979 • 16 citations

Insulin-Like Activities and Insulin-Potentiating Actions of a Modified Insulin B_21–26Fragment: β-Ala-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-NH₂

1977 • 16 citations

Inhibitors of insulin degradation.

1959 • 15 citations

Autoregulatory System of Insulin Degradation in Liver

1972 • 14 citations

Insulin binding and degradation by muscles from streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1979 • 14 citations

Liver Insulinase Activity in Insulin Deficient Rats

1968 • 14 citations

125I-Insulin is preferentially internalized in regions of the hepatocytes rich in lysosomal and Golgi structures

1979 • 13 citations

Insulin degradation. XVI. Evidence for the sequential degradative pathway in isolated liver cells

1976 • 12 citations

The effect of age on insulin-degrading activity in rat tissue

1979 • 11 citations

Degradation of insulin by isolated rat liver cells

1975 • 10 citations

The Insulin-Degrading Activity of Plasma-Membrane Fractions from Rat Liver

1977 • 10 citations

Structure and activity of insulin. XI. Biologically active synthetic peptides of the insulin sequence B22-25.

1971 • 7 citations

Effect of Diet on Hepatic and Serum Inactivation of Insulin

1965 • 7 citations

Insulin degradation by isolated fat cells and their subcellular fractions

1975 • 6 citations

Degradation of Insulin

1975 • 3 citations

Effects of Hexapeptide, a Compound Analogous to Insulin B Chain Fragment B-21-26(DP-432) on the Glucose Uptake into the Perfused Hind Limb of Rats

1978 • 3 citations

Effects of a Synthetic Hexapeptide (β-Ala-Arg-Gly-Phe-Phe-Tyr-NH₂) on Insulin Binding and Glucose Metabolism of Rat Adipocytes

1979 • 2 citations