THE CARBON BALANCE OF THE TERRESTRIAL BIOSPHERE: ECOSYSTEM MODELS AND ATMOSPHERIC OBSERVATIONS

A biochemical model of photosynthetic CO2 assimilation in leaves of C3 species

1980 • 8,355 citations

On the Temperature Dependence of Soil Respiration

1994 • 3,977 citations

Increased plant growth in the northern high latitudes from 1981 to 1991

1997 • 3,420 citations

Carbon Pools and Flux of Global Forest Ecosystems

1994 • 3,285 citations

Physiological and environmental regulation of stomatal conductance, photosynthesis and transpiration: a model that includes a laminar boundary layer

1991 • 2,286 citations

Observational Contrains on the Global Atmospheric Co ₂ Budget

1990 • 2,123 citations

Estimates of the Annual Net Carbon and Water Exchange of Forests: The EUROFLUX Methodology

1999 • 2,040 citations

Global response of terrestrial ecosystem structure and function to CO₂ and climate change: results from six dynamic global vegetation models

2001 • 2,008 citations

Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production

1993 • 1,957 citations

Respiration as the main determinant of carbon balance in European forests

2000 • 1,676 citations

Warming of the World Ocean

2000 • 1,474 citations

An integrated biosphere model of land surface processes, terrestrial carbon balance, and vegetation dynamics

1996 • 1,388 citations

Stomatal conductance correlates with photosynthetic capacity

1979 • 1,374 citations

Interannual extremes in the rate of rise of atmospheric carbon dioxide since 1980

1995 • 1,370 citations

A meta-analysis of elevated CO 2 effects on woody plant mass, form, and physiology

1998 • 1,308 citations

Simple scaling of photosynthesis from leaves to canopies without the errors of big‐leaf models

1997 • 1,180 citations

Climate change, 1994: radiative forcing of climate change and an evaluation of the IPCC IS92 emission scenarios

1996 • 1,171 citations

Does the ocean–atmosphere system have more than one stable mode of operation?

1985 • 1,095 citations

Climatic, edaphic, and biotic controls over storage and turnover of carbon in soils

1994 • 1,047 citations

BIOME3: An equilibrium terrestrial biosphere model based on ecophysiological constraints, resource availability, and competition among plant functional types

1996 • 1,017 citations

Evidence that decomposition rates of organic carbon in mineral soil do not vary with temperature

2000 • 1,002 citations

A Large Terrestrial Carbon Sink in North America Implied by Atmospheric and Oceanic Carbon Dioxide Data and Models

1998 • 866 citations

Evidence for interannual variability of the carbon cycle from the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration/Climate Monitoring and Diagnostics Laboratory Global Air Sampling Network

1994 • 839 citations

Quantum Yields for CO₂ Uptake in C₃ and C₄ Plants

1977 • 781 citations

Interspecific variation in the growth response of plants to an elevated ambient CO2 concentration

1993 • 778 citations

A Large Northern Hemisphere Terrestrial CO ₂ Sink Indicated by the ¹³ C/ ¹² C Ratio of Atmospheric CO ₂

1995 • 776 citations

Rapid Exchange Between Soil Carbon and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Driven by Temperature Change

1996 • 770 citations

Holocene carbon-cycle dynamics based on CO2 trapped in ice at Taylor Dome, Antarctica

1999 • 768 citations

Nitrogen deposition makes a minor contribution to carbon sequestration in temperate forests

1999 • 766 citations

Exchange of Carbon Dioxide by a Deciduous Forest: Response to Interannual Climate Variability

1996 • 752 citations

The annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use 1850–1990*

1999 • 746 citations

Dynamic responses of terrestrial ecosystem carbon cycling to global climate change

1998 • 669 citations

A box diffusion model to study the carbon dioxide exchange in nature

1975 • 660 citations

Biomass and Carbon Budget of European Forests, 1971 to 1990

1992 • 660 citations

Interspecific variation in the growth response of plants to an elevated ambient CO2 concentration

1993 • 645 citations

Global and hemispheric CO2 sinks deduced from changes in atmospheric O2 concentration

1996 • 633 citations

Responses of wild C4 and C3 grass (Poaceae) species to elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration: a meta‐analytic test of current theories and perceptions

1999 • 598 citations

Date of Budburst of Fifteen Tree Species in Britain Following Climatic Warming

1989 • 595 citations

Surface Temperature Patterns Associated with the Southern Oscillation

1992 • 591 citations

Contribution of Increasing CO ₂ and Climate to Carbon Storage by Ecosystems in the United States

2000 • 574 citations

13C discrimination during CO2 assimilation by the terrestrial biosphere

1994 • 573 citations

A three dimensional model of atmospheric CO_2 transport based on observed winds: 1. Analysis of observational data.

1989 • 556 citations

Effects of climate and atmospheric CO 2 partial pressure on the global distribution of C 4 grasses: present, past, and future

1998 • 510 citations

Seasonal and interannual variations in atmospheric oxygen and implications for the global carbon cycle

1992 • 507 citations

Changes in oceanic and terrestrial carbon uptake since 1982

1995 • 503 citations

The Response of Global Terrestrial Ecosystems to Interannual Temperature Variability

1997 • 502 citations

Global Carbon Sinks and Their Variability Inferred from Atmospheric O ₂ and δ ¹³ C

2000 • 500 citations

Effect of interannual climate variability on carbon storage in Amazonian ecosystems

1998 • 497 citations

A General Model for the Light-Use Efficiency of Primary Production

1996 • 470 citations

Carbon dioxide transfer over a Central Amazonian rain forest

1998 • 469 citations

The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle: Implications for the Kyoto Protocol

1998 • 442 citations

Geochemical cycles in an ocean general circulation model. Preindustrial tracer distributions

1993 • 440 citations

Latitudinal gradient of atmospheric CO2 due to seasonal exchange with land biota

1995 • 436 citations

The annual net flux of carbon to the atmosphere from changes in land use 1850-1990*

1999 • 423 citations

BIOSPHERE RESPONSES TO CO₂ENRICHMENT

2000 • 423 citations

Reconstructing the recent carbon cycle from atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>, δ<sup>13</sup>C and O<sub>2</sub>/N<sub>2</sub> observations*

1999 • 413 citations

BELOWGROUND CONSEQUENCES OF VEGETATION CHANGE AND THEIR TREATMENT IN MODELS

2000 • 366 citations

Terrestrial higher‐plant response to increasing atmospheric [CO₂] in relation to the global carbon cycle

1995 • 362 citations

The CO 2 Dependence of Photosynthesis, Plant Growth Responses to Elevated Atmospheric CO 2 Concentrations and Their Interaction with Soil Nutrient Status. I. General Principles and Forest Ecosystems

1996 • 357 citations

Effects of plankton dynamics on seasonal carbon fluxes in an ocean general circulation model

1996 • 355 citations

Atmospheric gas concentrations over the past century measured in air from firn at the South Pole

1996 • 355 citations

A box diffusion model to study the carbon dioxide exchange in nature

1975 • 328 citations

The flux of carbon from terrestrial ecosystems to the atmosphere in 1980 due to changes in land use: geographic distribution of the global flux

1987 • 327 citations

Biomass Production in a Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystem Exposed to Ambient and Elevated CO"2

1993 • 317 citations

Modulation of atmospheric carbon dioxide by the Southern Oscillation

1976 • 316 citations

Influence of El Niño on the equatorial Pacific contribution to atmospheric CO2 accumulation

1999 • 305 citations

A synthesis inversion of the concentration and δ<sup>13</sup>C of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>

1995 • 285 citations

Tropical Deforestation and Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide

1991 • 273 citations

What atmospheric oxygen measurements can tell us about the global carbon cycle

1993 • 261 citations

Land‐use change and the carbon cycle

1995 • 252 citations

Tropical deforestation and atmospheric carbon dioxide

1991 • 245 citations

Monitoring the isotopic composition of atmospheric CO₂: Measurements from the NOAA Global Air Sampling Network

1996 • 238 citations

Industrial production of carbon dioxide from fossil fuels and limestone

1973 • 221 citations

Siberian CO2 efflux in winter as a CO2 source and cause of seasonality in atmospheric CO2

1996 • 213 citations

Terrestrial biotic responses to environmental change and feedbacks to climate

1996 • 212 citations

Testing global ocean carbon cycle models using measurements of atmospheric O₂ and CO₂ concentration

1998 • 210 citations

THE ROLE OF NITROGEN IN THE RESPONSE OF FOREST NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE

1995 • 208 citations

Global net carbon exchange and intra‐annual atmospheric CO₂ concentrations predicted by an ecosystem process model and three‐dimensional atmospheric transport model

1996 • 199 citations

Climate and nitrogen controls on the geography and timescales of terrestrial biogeochemical cycling

1996 • 197 citations

Coherence established between atmospheric carbon dioxide and global temperature

1990 • 196 citations

Variations in modeled atmospheric transport of carbon dioxide and the consequences for CO₂ inversions

1996 • 187 citations

Interannual variability of the oceanic sink of CO₂ from 1979 through 1997

2000 • 180 citations

Oceanic radiocarbon: Separation of the natural and bomb components

1995 • 169 citations

Evaluation of terrestrial carbon cycle models through simulations of the seasonal cycle of atmospheric CO₂: First results of a model intercomparison study

1998 • 168 citations

Radiocarbon evidence for a smaller oceanic carbon dioxide sink than previously believed

1994 • 164 citations

Sources and Sinks of Atmospheric CO2

1992 • 157 citations

A coarse grid three‐dimensional global inverse model of the atmospheric transport: 2. Inversion of the transport of CO₂ in the 1980s

1999 • 145 citations

Interannual variation of carbon exchange fluxes in terrestrial ecosystems

1996 • 139 citations

A mechanistic analysis of light and carbon use efficiencies

1998 • 139 citations

Change in net primary production and heterotrophic respiration: How much is necessary to sustain the terrestrial carbon sink?

1996 • 136 citations

Carbon Dioxide Emissions from Fossil Fuel Consumption and Cement Manufacture, 1751–1991, and an Estimate of Their Isotopic Composition and Latitudinal Distribution

2000 • 136 citations

The Correlation between Plant Growth and Intercepted Radiation: An Interpretation in Terms of Optimal Plant Nitrogen Content

1996 • 135 citations

Impact of drought stress and other factors on seasonal land biosphere CO<sub>2</sub> exchange studied through an atmospheric tracer transport model

1995 • 132 citations

Variability in the O₂/N₂ ratio of southern hemisphere air, 1991–1994: Implications for the carbon cycle

1996 • 130 citations

An equilibrium model of the terrestrial carbon budget

1995 • 126 citations

The variability in the carbon sinks as reconstructed for the last 1000 years

1999 • 121 citations

Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): global pattern and differentiation by major biomes

1999 • 115 citations

A feasible Global Carbon Cycle Observing System: a plan to decipher today's carbon cycle based on observations

1996 • 110 citations

A first-order analysis of the potential role of CO2 fertilization to affect the global carbon budget: a comparison of four terrestrial biosphere models

1999 • 109 citations

Primary Production in Grasslands and Coniferous Forests with Climate Change: An Overview

1991 • 104 citations

Aspects of spatial and temporal aggregation in estimating regional carbon dioxide fluxes from temperate forest soils

1994 • 95 citations

Sea‐air CO₂ fluxes and carbon transport: A comparison of three ocean general circulation models

2000 • 94 citations

Use of a model of photosynthesis and leaf microenvironment to predict optimal stomatal conductance and leaf nitrogen partitioning

1991 • 93 citations

An equilibrium model of the terrestrial carbon budget

1995 • 89 citations

Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): introduction

1999 • 87 citations

A search for predictive understanding of plant responses to elevated [CO₂]

1999 • 87 citations

El Niño‐Southern Oscillation related fluctuations of the marine carbon cycle

1994 • 79 citations

REGIONAL BIOSPHERIC CARBON FLUXES AS INFERRED FROM ATMOSPHERIC CO₂MEASUREMENTS

2000 • 78 citations

Potential gross primary productivity of terrestrial vegetation from 1982–1990

1995 • 75 citations

A 3-dimensional study of δ<sup>18</sup>O in atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub>: contribution of different land ecosystems

1999 • 74 citations

Can a strong atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> rectifier effect be reconciled with a “reasonable” carbon budget?

1999 • 71 citations

A three dimensional model of atmospheric CO₂transport based on observed winds: 3. Seasonal cycle and synoptic time scale variations

2011 • 71 citations

Partitioning of the global fossil CO₂ sink using a 19‐year trend in atmospheric O₂

1999 • 61 citations

Seasonal and interannual variations of atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> and climate

1998 • 59 citations

C-quest in the Amazon Basin

1998 • 52 citations

Forest canopy productivity index

1996 • 47 citations

The interannual change of atmospheric CO₂: Contribution of subtropical ecosystems?

1999 • 46 citations

Sensitivity of the seasonal cycle of CO2 at remote monitoring stations with respect to seasonal surface exchange fluxes determined with the adjoint of an atmospheric transport model

1996 • 45 citations

Simulating the Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide Distribution with a Three-Dimensional Tracer Model

1986 • 43 citations

The carbon equation

1998 • 43 citations

Comparing global models of terrestrial net primary productivity (NPP): analysis of the seasonal atmospheric CO₂ signal

1999 • 40 citations

New estimate of the carbon sink strength of EU forests integrating flux measurements, flied surveys and space observations: 0.17-0.35 Gt(C)

1998 • 32 citations

On the influence of biomass burning on the seasonal CO₂ Signal as observed at monitoring stations

1998 • 31 citations

Intra-Leaf Gradient of Assimilation Rate and Optimal Allocation of Canopy Nitrogen: a Model on the Implications of the Use of Homogeneous Assimilation Functions.

1995 • 31 citations

The density dependence of plant responses to elevated CO₂

1999 • 30 citations

A review of the contemporary global carbon cycle and as seen a century ago by Arrhenius and Hogbom

1997 • 28 citations

Inverse modelling approaches to infer surface trace gas fluxes from observed atmospheric mixing ratios

1999 • 28 citations

Changes in Terrestrial Carbon Over the Last 135 Years

1993 • 23 citations

The Global Carbon Cycle

1993 • 23 citations

Linking <sup>13</sup>C-based estimates of land and ocean sinks with predictions of carbon storage from CO<sub>2</sub> fertilization of plant growth

1999 • 21 citations

The climate sensitivity of the Osnabrück Biosphere model on the ENSO time scale

1994 • 18 citations

Terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere estimated from the atmospheric CO<sub>2</sub> difference between Mauna Loa and the South Pole since 1959

1999 • 16 citations

Carbon cycle studies based on the distribution of O<sub>2</sub> in air

1999 • 13 citations

Atmospheric Oxygen Measurements and the Carbon Cycle

2000 • 13 citations

Terrestrial carbon sink in the Northern Hemisphere estimated from the atmospheric CO2 difference between Mauna Loa and the South Pole since 1959

1999 • 10 citations

The CO₂ Fertilizing Effect: Relevance to the Global Carbon Cycle

2000 • 4 citations

Teaching Machines

1989 • 2 citations