BIOSPHERE RESPONSES TO CO₂ENRICHMENT

Human Domination of Earth's Ecosystems

1997 • 8,710 citations

Climate and atmospheric history of the past 420,000 years from the Vostok ice core, Antarctica

1999 • 6,544 citations

Primary Production of the Biosphere: Integrating Terrestrial and Oceanic Components

1998 • 5,614 citations

Agricultural Intensification and Ecosystem Properties

1997 • 2,992 citations

Photosynthetic rates derived from satellite‐based chlorophyll concentration

1997 • 2,713 citations

Biogeochemical Controls and Feedbacks on Ocean Primary Production

1998 • 2,563 citations

Global climate change and terrestrial net primary production

1993 • 1,957 citations

MORE EFFICIENT PLANTS: A Consequence of Rising Atmospheric CO₂?

1997 • 1,878 citations

Potential impact of climate change on world food supply

1994 • 1,861 citations

A meta-analysis of elevated CO 2 effects on woody plant mass, form, and physiology

1998 • 1,308 citations

Changing sources of nutrients during four million years of ecosystem development

1999 • 1,247 citations

The Response of Natural Ecosystems to the Rising Global CO2 Levels

1990 • 1,137 citations

Recent change of Arctic tundra ecosystems from a net carbon dioxide sink to a source

1993 • 946 citations

Changes in soil carbon inventories following cultivation of previously untilled soils

1993 • 907 citations

Thermohaline Circulation, the Achilles Heel of Our Climate System: Will Man-Made CO ₂ Upset the Current Balance?

1997 • 884 citations

Reduced sensitivity of recent tree-growth to temperature at high northern latitudes

1998 • 780 citations

Nitrogen deposition makes a minor contribution to carbon sequestration in temperate forests

1999 • 766 citations

Stomatal responses to increased CO₂: implications from the plant to the global scale

1995 • 764 citations

Control of atmospheric export of dust from North Africa by the North Atlantic Oscillation

1997 • 734 citations

Tansley Review No. 71 Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂on woody plants

1994 • 717 citations

Interspecific variation in the growth response of plants to an elevated ambient CO2 concentration

1993 • 645 citations

Elevated atmospheric CO2 and feedback between carbon and nitrogen cycles

1993 • 642 citations

The Worldwide Extent of Land-Use Change

1994 • 641 citations

Elevated CO₂reduces the nitrogen concentration of plant tissues

1998 • 632 citations

Evidence of a feedback mechanism limiting plant response to elevated carbon dioxide

1993 • 572 citations

Influence of CO2 emission rates on the stability of the thermohaline circulation

1997 • 563 citations

Untitled

1997 • 562 citations

The Direct Effects of Increase in the Global Atmospheric CO2 Concentration on Natural and Commercial Temperate Trees and Forests

1989 • 535 citations

Increasing Turnover Through Time in Tropical Forests

1994 • 534 citations

The fate of carbon in grasslands under carbon dioxide enrichment

1997 • 506 citations

Responses to Elevated Carbon Dioxide in Artificial Tropical Ecosystems

1992 • 491 citations

The role of phytoplankton photosynthesis in global biogeochemical cycles

1994 • 475 citations

A meta‐analysis of leaf gas exchange and nitrogen in trees grown under elevated carbon dioxide

1996 • 449 citations

The Terrestrial Carbon Cycle: Implications for the Kyoto Protocol

1998 • 442 citations

The effects of increased atmospheric carbon dioxide and temperature on carbon partitioning, source‐sink relations and respiration

1991 • 388 citations

The effect of elevated CO₂ on the chemical composition and construction costs of leaves of 27 C₃ species

1997 • 370 citations

Terrestrial higher‐plant response to increasing atmospheric [CO₂] in relation to the global carbon cycle

1995 • 362 citations

Predicting Ecosystem Responses to Elevated CO₂Concentrations

1991 • 357 citations

The role of forest and bioenergy strategies in the global carbon cycle

1996 • 353 citations

The Global Carbon Cycle: a Viewpoint on the Missing Sink

1994 • 346 citations

THE RESPONSE OF TUNDRA PLANT BIOMASS, ABOVEGROUND PRODUCTION, NITROGEN, AND CO₂FLUX TO EXPERIMENTAL WARMING

1998 • 340 citations

Productivity and compensatory responses of yellow-poplar trees in elevated C02

1992 • 339 citations

Net primary and ecosystem production and carbon stocks of terrestrial ecosystems and their responses to climate change

1998 • 338 citations

Variations in the predicted spatial distribution of atmospheric nitrogen deposition and their impact on carbon uptake by terrestrial ecosystems

1997 • 333 citations

Productivity and water use of wheat under free‐air CO₂ enrichment

1995 • 324 citations

Plant-insect herbivore interactions in elevated CO2 environments

1993 • 320 citations

Biomass Production in a Tallgrass Prairie Ecosystem Exposed to Ambient and Elevated CO"2

1993 • 317 citations

Can elevated CO2 affect secondary metabolism and ecosystem function?

1998 • 310 citations

CO2 increases oceanic primary production

1997 • 298 citations

Increasing atmospheric CO2: effects on crop yield, water use and climate

1983 • 297 citations

Elevated atmospheric partial pressure of CO2 and plant growth

1990 • 287 citations

The sensitivity of terrestrial carbon storage to climate change

1990 • 281 citations

Commentary: Carbon Metabolism of the Terrestrial Biosphere: A Multitechnique Approach for Improved Understanding

2000 • 280 citations

Direct transfer of carbon between plants connected by vesicular–arbuscular mycorrhizal mycelium

1984 • 271 citations

Root to shoot ratio of crops as influenced by CO2

1995 • 261 citations

CO₂ enrichment in a maturing pine forest: are CO₂ exchange and water status in the canopy affected?

1999 • 252 citations

The Effects of Enriched Carbon Dioxide Atmospheres on Plant—Insect Herbivore Interactions

1989 • 249 citations

Preliminary estimates of the potential for carbon mitigation in European soils through no‐till farming

1998 • 247 citations

Growth response of Trifolium repens L. and Lolium perenne L. as monocultures and bi‐species mixture to free air CO₂ enrichment and management

1997 • 244 citations

Impacts of Rising Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide on Model Terrestrial Ecosystems

1998 • 243 citations

Long term effects of naturally elevated CO2 on mediterranean grassland and forest trees

1994 • 237 citations

The response of plants to elevated CO2

1986 • 223 citations

Mitigation of atmospheric CO 2 concentrations by increased carbon sequestration in the soil

1998 • 216 citations

Responses of Selected Plant Species to Elevated Carbon Dioxide in the Field

1983 • 209 citations

THE ROLE OF NITROGEN IN THE RESPONSE OF FOREST NET PRIMARY PRODUCTION TO ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE

1995 • 208 citations

Decomposition of tree leaf litters grown under elevated CO2: Effect of litter quality

1994 • 207 citations

High carbon dioxide and sun/shade effects on isoprene emission from oak and aspen tree leaves

1991 • 207 citations

Past and future reorganizations in the climate system

2000 • 204 citations

Nitrogen and carbon dynamics in C3 and C4 estuarine marsh plants grown under elevated CO2 in situ

1989 • 203 citations

Competition and patterns of resource use among seedlings of five tropical trees grown at ambient and elevated CO2

1989 • 203 citations

Ecological Experiments with Model Systems

1995 • 199 citations

Influence of Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Concentrations on Plant Nutrition

1992 • 196 citations

Effects of elevated concentrations of carbon dioxide on individual plants, populations, communities and ecosystems

1991 • 190 citations

Towards a better experimental basis for upscaling plant responses to elevated CO₂ and climate warming

1995 • 182 citations

Carbon cycling in cultivated land and its global significance

1998 • 172 citations

A question of litter quality

1998 • 171 citations

Issues and perspectives for investigating root responses to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

1994 • 167 citations

Elevated Atmospheric CO2 Effects on Belowground Processes in C3 and C4 Estuarine Marsh Communities

1990 • 164 citations

Below-Ground Microbial and Microfaunal Responses to Artemisia tridentata Grown Under Elevated Atmospheric Co 2

1996 • 163 citations

Untitled

1998 • 161 citations

The effects of elevated CO2 on symbiotic N2 fixation: a link between the carbon and nitrogen cycles in grassland ecosystems

1995 • 160 citations

The effects of elevated CO 2 atmospheres on the nutritional quality of Eucalyptus foliage and its interaction with soil nutrient and light availability

1997 • 159 citations

EFFECTS OF CO₂AND NO₃⁻AVAILABILITY ON DECIDUOUS TREES: PHYTOCHEMISTRY AND INSECT PERFORMANCE

1997 • 158 citations

Soil moisture effects determine CO2 responses of grassland species

2000 • 158 citations

Soil moisture dynamics of calcareous grassland under elevated CO 2

1998 • 156 citations

Intraspecific variation in the response of rice (Oryza sativaL.) to increased CO₂and temperature: growth and yield response of 17 cultivars

1996 • 154 citations

Detecting changes in soil carbon in CO2 enrichment experiments

1995 • 151 citations

Microbial community changes in the rhizospheres of white clover and perennial ryegrass exposed to Free Air Carbon dioxide Enrichment (FACE)

1996 • 133 citations

CO₂ responsiveness of plants: a possible link to phloem loading

1995 • 132 citations

The effects of elevated [CO2] on plant-soil carbon below-ground: A summary and synthesis

1995 • 131 citations

The responses of alpine grassland to four seasons of CO2 enrichment: a synthesis

1997 • 129 citations

Phytoplankton productivity in the North Pacific ocean since 1900 and implications for absorption of anthropogenic CO2

1992 • 129 citations

Growth responses of an alpine grassland to elevated CO2

1996 • 128 citations

Responses of soil biota to elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

1994 • 125 citations

Interaction of Carbon Dioxide with Growth-Limiting Environmental Factors in Vegetation Productivity: Implications for the Global Carbon Cycle

1992 • 125 citations

Long-term responsiveness to free air CO 2 enrichment of functional types, species and genotypes of plants from fertile permanent grassland

1997 • 125 citations

Assessing the impact of elevated CO2 on soil microbial activity in a Mediterranean model ecosystem

1995 • 124 citations

Will rising atmospheric CO 2 affect leaf litter quality and in situ decomposition rates in native plant communities?

1997 • 120 citations

Water vapour fluxes and their impact under elevated CO₂ in a C4‐tallgrass prairie

1997 • 120 citations

Sagebrush carbon allocation patterns and grasshopper nutrition: the influence of CO2 enrichment and soil mineral limitation

1991 • 119 citations

The response of plants to elevated CO2

1984 • 117 citations

Do slow‐growing species and nutrient‐stressed plants respond relatively strongly to elevated CO₂?

1998 • 112 citations

Untitled

1997 • 109 citations

The effects of chamber pressurization on soil-surface CO 2 flux and the implications for NEE measurements under elevated CO 2

1999 • 105 citations

In situ responses to elevated CO₂ in tropical forest understorey plants

1998 • 103 citations

Effects of elevated CO 2 on flowering phenology and nectar production of nectar plants important for butterflies of calcareous grasslands

1998 • 103 citations

Biomass allocation and canopy development in spruce model ecosystems under elevated CO 2 and increased N deposition

1997 • 102 citations

Growth and mycorrhizal colonization of three North American tree species under elevated atmospheric CO₂

1997 • 101 citations

Tree ring responses to elevated CO₂ and increased N deposition in Picea abies

1996 • 101 citations

Effects of Elevated CO2 and Simulated Seasonal Changes in Temperature on the Species Composition and Growth Rates of Pasture Turves

1994 • 99 citations

Shoots, roots and ectomycorrhiza formation of pine seedlings at elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide

1995 • 99 citations

Natural CO₂ springs in Italy: a resource for examining long‐term response of vegetation to rising atmospheric CO₂ concentrations

1993 • 97 citations

Anomalous Responses of Plants to CO 2 Enrichment

1995 • 97 citations

Nutrient relations in calcareous grassland under elevated CO 2

1998 • 96 citations

Stimulated N 2 O flux from intact grassland monoliths after two growing seasons under elevated atmospheric CO 2

1998 • 95 citations

Increase in tree-ring width in subalpine Pinus cembra from the central Alps that may be CO2-related

1995 • 95 citations

Photosynthetic and growth responses of old and modern spring wheat cultivars to atmospheric CO2 enrichment

1997 • 94 citations

Untitled

1997 • 92 citations

Plant growth and reproduction along CO₂ gradients: non‐linear responses and implications for community change

1995 • 91 citations

A field study of the effects of elevated CO₂ on carbon assimilation, stomatal conductance and leaf and branch growth of Pinus taeda trees

1995 • 88 citations

Soil fungal‐arthropod responses to Populus tremuloides grown under enriched atmospheric CO₂ under field conditions

1997 • 87 citations

The impact of elevated CO 2 on plant-herbivore interactions: experimental evidence of moderating effects at the community level

1998 • 87 citations

Untitled

1997 • 86 citations

Effects of elevated CO 2 and phosphorus addition on productivity and community composition of intact monoliths from calcareous grassland

1998 • 84 citations

Influence of rhizodeposition under elevated CO2 on plant nutrition and soil organic matter

1995 • 84 citations

Untitled

1997 • 83 citations

Acclimation of photosynthesis, respiration and ecosystem carbon flux of a wetland on Chesapeake Bay, Maryland to elevated atmospheric CO2 concentration

1995 • 83 citations

Tree seedling responses to in situ CO₂‐enrichment differ among species and depend on understorey light availability

2000 • 82 citations

Trend analysis of the homogenized total ozone series of Arosa (Switzerland), 1926–1996

1998 • 81 citations

Studies of the relationship between isoprene emission rate and CO₂ or photon‐flux density using a real‐time isoprene analyser

1991 • 81 citations

Effects of carbon dioxide and nitrogen enrichment on a plant–insect interaction: the quality of Calluna vulgaris as a host for Operophtera brumata

1998 • 81 citations

Leaf quality and insect herbivory in model tropical plant communities after long-term exposure to elevated atmospheric CO2

1995 • 80 citations

Global change and root function

1998 • 80 citations

The global carbon cycle and climate change: Responses and feedbacks from below-ground systems

1991 • 80 citations

Opposing effects of elevated CO 2 and N deposition on Lymantria monacha larvae feeding on spruce trees

1999 • 79 citations

Variety of responses of plant phenolic concentration to CO₂enrichment

1996 • 78 citations

Interactive effects of elevated CO₂, P availability and legume presence on calcareous grassland: results of a glasshouse experiment

1999 • 77 citations

The effect of elevated CO 2 concentration and nutrient supply on carbon-based plant secondary metabolites in Pinus sylvestris L.

1998 • 76 citations

N‐poor ecosystems may respond more to elevated [CO₂] than N‐rich ones in the long term. A model analysis of grassland.

1998 • 76 citations

Response of soil biota to elevated atmospheric CO 2 in poplar model systems

1998 • 75 citations

Elevated CO2 and temperature effects on soil carbon and nitrogen cycling in ryegrass/white clover turves of an Endoaquept soil

1995 • 75 citations

Leaf carbohydrate responses to CO2 enrichment at the top of a tropical forest

1998 • 74 citations

The temporal response of forest ecosystems to doubled atmospheric CO₂ concentration

1996 • 74 citations

Response of foliar metabolism in mature trees of Quercus pubescens and Quercus ilex to long-term elevated CO2

1998 • 73 citations

The long‐term response of trees to atmospheric CO₂enrichment

1999 • 73 citations

CO2-induced growth enhancements of co-occurring tree species decline at different rates

1993 • 72 citations

Response of the fauna of a grassland soil to doubling of atmospheric carbon dioxide concentration

1997 • 70 citations

Responses of soil microbiota of a late successional alpine grassland to long term CO2 enrichment

1996 • 69 citations

Effects of elevated CO2 and nitrogen fertilization pretreatments on decomposition on tallgrass prairie leaf litter

1994 • 66 citations

A130 years deposition record of sulfate, nitrate and chloride from a high-alpine glacier

1995 • 65 citations

A branch bag technique for simultaneous CO₂ enrichment and assimilation measurements on beech (Fagus sylvatica L.)

1993 • 64 citations

Microbial decomposition at elevated CO₂ levels: effect of litter quality

1997 • 63 citations

Activity of surface-casting earthworms in a calcareous grassland under elevated atmospheric CO2

1997 • 63 citations

Growth Responses to Vesicular-Arbuscular Mycorrhizae and Elevated CO 2 in Seedlings of a Tropical Tree, Beilschmiedia pendula

1996 • 62 citations

Carbon and water fluxes in a calcareous grassland under elevated CO₂

1997 • 61 citations

Effects of elevated [CO2] at the community level mediated by root symbionts

1995 • 61 citations

The influence of elevated CO₂ on non‐structural carbohydrate distribution and fructan accumulation in wheat canopies

1994 • 60 citations

Untitled

1997 • 59 citations

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ on soil microbiota in calcareous grassland

1998 • 59 citations

Screen-aided CO2 control (SACC): a middle ground between FACE and open-top chambers

1997 • 58 citations

The interaction of climate and land use in future terrestrial carbon storage and release

1993 • 58 citations

Using stable isotopes to determine soil carbon input differences under ambient and elevated atmospheric CO₂ conditions

1997 • 56 citations

EFFECTS OF ELEVATED CO₂AND DEFOLIATION ON GRASSES: A COMPARATIVE ECOSYSTEM APPROACH

1997 • 55 citations

System‐level adjustments to elevated CO₂ in model spruce ecosystems

1996 • 53 citations

Free Air CO₂ Enrichment of potato (Solanum tuberosum, L.): design and performance of the CO₂‐fumigation system

1997 • 52 citations

Biomass and compositional changes occur in chalk grassland turves exposed to elevated CO₂ for two seasons in FACE

1998 • 51 citations

Untitled

1998 • 50 citations

Consumption rates and food preferences of slugs in a calcareous grassland under current and future CO2 conditions

2000 • 50 citations

A branch bag and CO₂ control system for long‐term CO₂ enrichment of mature Sitka spruce [Picea sitchensis (Bong.) Carr.]

1993 • 49 citations

Elevated CO 2 Responsiveness, Interactions at the Community Level and Plant Functional Types

1995 • 49 citations

Effects of elevated CO2 and increased nitrogen deposition on photosynthesis and growth of understory plants in spruce model ecosystems

1996 • 49 citations

Effect of Elevated Atmospheric Carbon Dioxide and Open‐top Chambers on Transpiration in a Tallgrass Prairie

1996 • 48 citations

Effects of elevated atmospheric CO₂ in agro‐ecosystems on soil carbon storage

1997 • 47 citations

In situ stomatal responses to long-term CO2 enrichment in calcareous grassland plants

1997 • 47 citations

In situ effects of elevated CO₂ on the carbon and nitrogen status of alpine plants

1997 • 47 citations

Modelling forest‐growth response to increasing CO₂ concentration in relation to various factors affecting nutrient supply

1998 • 47 citations

A simple method for testing leaf responses of tall tropical forest trees to elevated CO2

1996 • 46 citations

Effects of elevated CO₂ on model calcareous grasslands: community, species, and genotype level responses

1996 • 46 citations

ELEVATED ATMOSPHERIC CO₂ INCREASES WATER AVAILABILITY IN A WATER‐LIMITED GRASSLAND ECOSYSTEM¹

1997 • 45 citations

Impact of elevated atmospheric CO₂ concentration on soil microbial biomass and activity in a complex, weedy field model ecosystem

1998 • 45 citations

Response of growth and carbon allocation to elevated CO₂ in young cherry (Prunus avium L.) saplings in relation to root environment

1994 • 44 citations

The influence of elevated CO₂ on species phenology, growth and reproduction in a Mediterranean old‐field community

1997 • 44 citations

Elevated CO₂ and moisture effects on soil carbon storage and cycling in temperate grasslands

1997 • 44 citations

Morphological adjustments of mature Quercus ilex trees to elevated CO2

1997 • 42 citations

The impact of elevated CO 2 on growth and photosynthesis in Agrostis canina L. ssp. monteluccii adapted to contrasting atmospheric CO 2 concentrations

1997 • 42 citations

Effects of Elevated CO 2 and Nitrogen on Ponderosa Pine Fine Roots and Associated Fungal Components

1995 • 41 citations

Elevated CO2 effects on carbon and nitrogen cycling in grass/clover turves of a Psammaquent soil

1996 • 41 citations

Scots pine responses to CO2 enrichment—I. Ectomycorrhizal fungi and soil fauna

1996 • 41 citations

Canopy gas exchange and growth of upland pasture swards in elevated CO₂

1995 • 40 citations

The response of perennial ryegrass/white clover swards to elevated atmospheric CO₂concentrations 1. Effects on competition and species composition and interaction with N supply

1997 • 38 citations

Elevated atmospheric CO₂ alters stomatal responses to variable sunlight in a C₄ grass

1994 • 38 citations

The coupled response of stomatal conductance to photosynthesis and transpiration

1998 • 37 citations

Growth and reproductive responses to elevated CO₂ in wild cereals of the northern Negev of Israel

2000 • 36 citations

Increased Atmospheric CO 2 : Chemical Changes in Decomposing Sweet Chestnut (Castanea sativa) Leaf Litter Incubated in Microcosms under Increasing Food Web Complexity

1996 • 35 citations

Nonlinearity of photosynthetic responses to growth in rising atmospheric CO₂: an experimental and modelling study

1998 • 34 citations

Responses of Rare Calcareous Grassland Plants to Elevated CO 2 : A Field Experiment with Gentianella Germanica and Gentiana Cruciata

1997 • 34 citations

A new approach to estimate emissions of nitrous oxide from agriculture and its implications to the global N2O budget.

1998 • 33 citations

Grazing damage to plants and gastropod and grasshopper densities in a CO2-enrichment experiment on calcareous grassland

1997 • 30 citations

CO2Effects on Phasic Development, Leaf Number and Rate of Leaf Appearance in Wheat

1997 • 29 citations

Effects of global environmental change on carbon partitioning in vegetative plants of Triticum aestivum and closely related Aegilops species

1995 • 28 citations

CO₂ flux estimates tend to overestimate ecosystem C sequestration at elevated CO₂

2000 • 27 citations

Disproportional increases in photosynthesis and plant biomass in a Californian grassland exposed to elevated CO₂: a simulation analysis

1997 • 27 citations

Global Greenhouse Studies: Need for a New Approach to Ecosystem Manipulation

1992 • 27 citations

Effects of Atmospheric CO 2 Enrichment on Ecosystem CO 2 Exchange in a Nutrient and Water Limited Grassland

1995 • 26 citations

A general relationship between CO2-induced reductions in stomatal conductance and concomitant increases in foliage temperature

1993 • 25 citations

Forest responses to CO2 enrichment and climate warming

1993 • 25 citations

Rooting Volume, Nutrient Availability, and CO₂‐Induced Growth Enhancements in Temperate Forest Tree Seedlings

1996 • 25 citations

Prediction of the growth response to elevated CO₂: a search for physiological criteria in closely related grass species

1996 • 23 citations

Effects of Elevated CO 2 on an Artificial Grassland Community: Competition, Invasion and Neighbourhood Growth

1996 • 21 citations

Genetic variation in response to elevated CO2 in three grassland perennials — a field experiment with two competition regimes

1997 • 19 citations

The role of temperate trees and forests in CO2 fixation

1995 • 17 citations

Temporal responses of community fine root populations to long-term elevated atmospheric CO2 and soil nutrient patches in model tropicalecosystems

1997 • 17 citations

Process and production

1993 • 15 citations

Elevated CO2 enhances growth in the rain forest understory plant, Piper cordulatum, at extremely low light intensities

1998 • 14 citations

Responses of Photosynthesis and Stomatal Conductance to Elevated Carbon Dioxide in Field-Grown Cotton

1992 • 13 citations

Effects of elevated CO2, N fertilization, and cutting regime on the production and quality of Lolium perenne L. shoot necromass

1997 • 11 citations

Effects of elevated CO2 on flowering phenology and nectar production

1997 • 11 citations