Surfactant: a review of its functions and relevance in adult respiratory disorders

Surface Properties in Relation to Atelectasis and Hyaline Membrane Disease

1959 • 1,495 citations

Cell number and cell characteristics of the normal human lung.

1982 • 705 citations

Properties, Function and Origin of the Alveolar Lining Layer

1955 • 655 citations

Surfactant chemical composition and biophysical activity in acute respiratory distress syndrome.

1991 • 647 citations

Deficiency of Pulmonary Surfactant Protein B in Congenital Alveolar Proteinosis

1993 • 630 citations

Surface Tension of Lung Extracts

1957 • 563 citations

Surfactant and the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1993 • 554 citations

The Acute Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1995 • 553 citations

Druginduced pulmonary disease. Part 1 : Cytotoxic drugs

1986 • 544 citations

Increased Production and Immunohistochemical Localization of Transforming Growth Factor-α in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis

1991 • 511 citations

Neue Auffassungen über einen Grundbegriff der Atemmechanik

1929 • 471 citations

Evidence of lung surfactant abnormality in respiratory failure. Study of bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipids, surface activity, phospholipase activity, and plasma myoinositol.

1982 • 461 citations

Function and regulation of expression of pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins

1991 • 418 citations

Metabolism and Turnover of Lung Surfactant

1987 • 412 citations

Pulmonary Surfactant Protein A Enhances the Host-defense Mechanism of Rat Alveolar Macrophages

1990 • 375 citations

Alteration of surfactant function due to protein leakage: special interaction with fibrin monomer

1985 • 374 citations

A Proposed Nomenclature for Pulmonary Surfactant-associated Proteins

1988 • 362 citations

The pulmonary surfactant system: biochemical aspects and functional significance

1988 • 333 citations

Interactions of surfactant protein D with bacterial lipopolysaccharides. Surfactant protein D is an Escherichia coli-binding protein in bronchoalveolar lavage.

1992 • 315 citations

Surfactant apoprotein Mr = 26,000-36,000 enhances uptake of liposomes by type II cells.

1987 • 309 citations

Pulmonary Surfactant Protein B (SP-B): Structure-Function Relationships

1991 • 307 citations

Human Pulmonary Surfactant Protein (SP-A), a Protein Structurally Homologous to C1q, Can Enhance FcR- and CR1-mediated Phagocytosis

1989 • 298 citations

Pulmonary surfactant : from molecular biology to clinical practice

1992 • 287 citations

Hormonal Regulation of Pulmonary Surfactant

1989 • 264 citations

A captive bubble method reproduces the in situ behavior of lung surfactant monolayers

1989 • 258 citations

Macromolecular organization of natural and recombinant lung surfactant protein SP 28–36

1988 • 253 citations

Drug-Induced Pulmonary Disease

2015 • 252 citations

Pulmonary surfactant and its components inhibit secretion of phosphatidylcholine from cultured rat alveolar type II cells.

1987 • 242 citations

The proteins of the surfactant system

1994 • 219 citations

Surfactant in the treatment of respiratory distress syndrome.

1983 • 219 citations

Asthma

1992 • 218 citations

Changes in Lipid Structure Produced by Surfactant Proteins SP-A, SP-B, and SP-C

1991 • 214 citations

Surfactant Abnormalities in Patients with Respiratory Failure after Multiple Trauma

1989 • 211 citations

120-kD surface glycoprotein of Pneumocystis carinii is a ligand for surfactant protein A.

1992 • 206 citations

Purification and biochemical characterization of CP4 (SP-D), a collagenous surfactant-associated protein

1989 • 203 citations

Surfactant protein D is a divalent cation-dependent carbohydrate-binding protein.

1990 • 199 citations

Structure of alveolar epithelial cells in patients with fibrotic lung disorders.

1982 • 199 citations

Interactions of Surfactant Protein a with Influenza A Viruses: Binding and Neutralization

1995 • 195 citations

Immunocytochemical localization of surfactant protein D (SP-D) in type II cells, Clara cells, and alveolar macrophages of rat lung.

1992 • 194 citations

Artificial pulmonary surfactant inhibited by proteins

1987 • 193 citations

Limitations of Using Urea to Quantify Epithelial Lining Fluid Recovered by Bronchoalveolar Lavage^1–3

1987 • 191 citations

Decreasing mortality associated with the introduction of surfactant therapy: an observational study of neonates weighing 601 to 1300 grams at birth. The Members of the National Institute of Child Health and Human Development Neonatal Research Network.

1993 • 190 citations

Inhibition of pulmonary surfactant function by phospholipases

1991 • 184 citations

Surface property changes from interactions of albumin with natural lung surfactant and extracted lung lipids

1985 • 174 citations

Effects of hemoglobin and cell membrane lipids on pulmonary surfactant activity

1987 • 172 citations

Surfactant protein D interacts with Pneumocystis carinii and mediates organism adherence to alveolar macrophages.

1995 • 169 citations

Distribution of Integrin Cell Adhesion Receptors in Normal and Malignant Lung Tissue

1992 • 163 citations

Surfactant phospholipids: synthesis and storage

1992 • 162 citations

Clearance and recycling of pulmonary surfactant

1990 • 161 citations

Localization of Surfactant Protein Synthesis in Human Lung byIn SituHybridization

1988 • 161 citations

Decreasing Mortality Associated With the Introduction of Surfactant Therapy: An Observational Study of Neonates Weighing 601 to 1300 Grams at Birth

1993 • 156 citations

Acute Effects of a Single Dose of Porcine Surfactant on Patients With the Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1994 • 155 citations

Regulation of lung surfactant secretion

1990 • 153 citations

Surfactant protein SP-B induces ordering at the surface of model membrane bilayers

1990 • 151 citations

Role of pulmonary surfactant in airway closure: a computational study

1993 • 150 citations

Metabolism of phospholipids in the lung.

1976 • 150 citations

Production of nitric oxide by rat type II pneumocytes: increased expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase following inhalation of a pulmonary irritant.

1994 • 145 citations

Analysis of Labeling and Clearance of Lung Surfactant Phospholipids in Rabbit

1981 • 142 citations

Synthesis and Assembly of Lung Surfactant

1991 • 141 citations

Surfactant protein A is opsonin in phagocytosis of herpes simplex virus type 1 by rat alveolar macrophages

1991 • 141 citations

Surfactant Apoprotein A (SP-A) Is Synthesized in Airway Cells

1990 • 140 citations

Role of bovine pulmonary surfactant-associated proteins in the surface-active property of phospholipid mixtures

1990 • 139 citations

Decreased Surfactant Protein A in Patients with Bacterial Pneumonia

1993 • 138 citations

Surfactant protein a promotes attachment of Mycobacterium tuberculosis to alveolar macrophages during infection with human immunodeficiency virus.

1995 • 138 citations

Safety and Potential Efficacy of an Aerosolized Surfactant in Human Sepsis-Induced Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1994 • 132 citations

Binding of surfactant protein A (SP-A) to herpes simplex virus type 1-infected cells is mediated by the carbohydrate moiety of SP-A.

1992 • 132 citations

Alveolar surfactant and adult respiratory distress syndrome

1993 • 130 citations

Rat surfactant protein D enhances the production of oxygen radicals by rat alveolar macrophages

1992 • 128 citations

Lung-restricted Activation of the Alveolar Macrophage/Monocyte System in Pulmonary Sarcoidosis

1992 • 128 citations

Surfactant protein B: disulfide bridges, structural properties and kringle similarities

1991 • 125 citations

Surfactant protein D: subcellular localization in nonciliated bronchiolar epithelial cells

1992 • 122 citations

Increased Recovery of Surfactant Protein A in AIDS-related Pneumonia

1991 • 118 citations

Ultrastructure of lung in surfactant protein B deficiency.

1994 • 117 citations

Drug-induced pulmonary disease. Part 2: Noncytotoxic drugs.

1986 • 116 citations

Inactivation of Exogenous Surfactant by Pulmonary Edema Fluid

1991 • 115 citations

Enhancement of bactericidal capacity of alveolar macrophages by human alveolar lining material.

1976 • 113 citations

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Abnormalities in the Bronchoalveolar Lavage Content of Surfactant Protein A

1991 • 112 citations

Glucocorticoids both stimulate and inhibit production of pulmonary surfactant protein A in fetal human lung.

1988 • 105 citations

Surfactant protein A is localized at the corners of the pulmonary tubular myelin lattice.

1991 • 103 citations

Role of Pulmonary Surfactant in the Development and Treatment of Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1989 • 103 citations

Surfactant Protein-A Concentration in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids of Patients With Pulmonary Alveolar Proteinosis

1993 • 102 citations

Acute Lung Injury Induced by Phospholipase A₂: Structural and Functional Changes

1991 • 100 citations

Characterization of antioxidant activities of pulmonary surfactant mixtures

1990 • 99 citations

Alterations in Pulmonary Surfactant Composition and Activity after Experimental Lung Transplantation

1993 • 97 citations

Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis: Abnormalities in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid Phospholipids

1988 • 91 citations

Altered Pulmonary Surfactant in Uncomplicated and Septicemia-Complicated Courses of Acute Respiratory Failure

1990 • 84 citations

Pulmonary surfactant apoproteins: a review of protein and genomic structure

1989 • 83 citations

Disruption of pulmonary surfactant's ability to maintain openness of a narrow tube

1993 • 83 citations

High-Performance Liquid Chromatographic Analysis of Phospholipids from Different Sources with Combined Fluorescence and Ultraviolet Detection

1994 • 82 citations

The surfactant system of the adult lung: physiology and clinical perspectives

1992 • 82 citations

Lung Surfactant Phospholipids Associate with Polymerizing Fibrin: Loss of Surface Activity

1993 • 79 citations

Fluid Dynamics during Bronchoalveolar Lavage

1988 • 79 citations

Surfactant protein A in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid.

1992 • 79 citations

Epidermal Growth Factor Transcription, Translation, and Signal Transduction by Rat Type II Pneumocytes in Culture

1992 • 77 citations

Expression of tumour necrosis factor‐α in cryptogenic fibrosing alveolitis

1993 • 76 citations

A pilot study of surfactant inhalation in the treatment of asthmatic attack.

1991 • 76 citations

The adult respiratory distress syndrome: first trials with surfactant replacement.

1989 • 74 citations

Rat Lung Lavage Surfactant Enhances Bacterial Phagocytosis and Intracellular Killing by Alveolar Macrophages

1984 • 73 citations

Human Alveolar Lining Material and Antibacterial Defenses^1–3

1986 • 70 citations

Altered alveolar surfactant is an early marker of acute lung injury in septic adult sheep.

1994 • 70 citations

Composition of human pulmonary surfactant varies with exercise and level of fitness.

1994 • 70 citations

Bronchoalveolar Lavage: Quantitation of Intraalveolar Fluid?

1993 • 70 citations

Immunoregulatory properties of pulmonary surfactant: effect of lung lining fluid on proliferation of human blood lymphocytes.

1988 • 69 citations

Pulmonary Surfactant

1989 • 69 citations

Correlation of Changes in Pulmonary Surfactant Phospholipids with Compliance in Bleomycin-Induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Rat

1987 • 68 citations

Surfactant Proteins and Anti-Surfactant Antibodies in Sera from Infants With Respiratory Distress Syndrome With and Without Surfactant Treatment

1991 • 68 citations

Surfactant Replacement Therapy Improves Pulmonary Mechanics in End-stage Influenza A Pneumonia in Mice

1992 • 67 citations

Structure-function relationships of bovine pulmonary surfactant proteins: SP-B and SP-C

1990 • 66 citations

Elevated Surfactant Protein A in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids From Sarcoidosis and Hypersensitivity Pneumonitis Patients

1994 • 66 citations

Types of interaction of amphiphilic drugs with phospholipid vesicles.

1988 • 65 citations

Reduction of Pulmonary Surfactant in Patients with Human Immunodeficiency Virus Infection and Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia

1992 • 65 citations

Biphasic glucocorticoid regulation of pulmonary SP-A: characterization of inhibitory process

1993 • 58 citations

Lung surfactant

1987 • 58 citations

Functional Abnormalities of Lung Surfactant in Experimental Acute Alveolar Injury in the Dog

1987 • 58 citations

The proximal border of the human respiratory unit, as shown by scanning and transmission electron microscopy and light microscopical cytochemistry

1991 • 57 citations

Ventilation and secretion of pulmonary surfactant

1992 • 56 citations

Changes in phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluid of patients with interstitial lung diseases

1988 • 56 citations

Induction of MHC-determined antigens in the lung by interferon-gamma.

1986 • 55 citations

Aberrant Appearance of Lung Surfactant Protein A in Sera of Patients with Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis and Its Clinical Significance

1995 • 54 citations

Surfactant protein A-binding proteins. Characterization and structures.

1993 • 51 citations

Degradation of pulmonary surfactant disaturated phosphatidylcholines by alveolar macrophages

1988 • 50 citations

The function of surfactant is impaired during the reimplantation response in rat lung transplants.

1994 • 50 citations

Animal models and clinical pilot studies of surfactant replacement in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

1989 • 49 citations

Alveolar macrophage migration. Influence of lung lining material and acute lung insult.

1979 • 49 citations

Surfactant Treatment of Respiratory Failure Induced by Hydrochloric Acid Aspiration in Rats

1993 • 48 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced inhibition of phosphatidylcholine synthesis by human type II pneumocytes is partially mediated by prostaglandins.

1994 • 47 citations

Characterization of pulmonary surfactant protein D: its copurification with lipids

1991 • 46 citations

Specific interaction of lung surfactant protein A (SP-A) with rat alveolar macrophages

1991 • 46 citations

Changes in fatty acids in phospholipids of the bronchoalveolar fluid in bacterial pneumonia and in adult respiratory distress syndrome.

1984 • 46 citations

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay for human pulmonary surfactant protein D

1994 • 45 citations

Changes in Surfactant in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluid after Hemithorax Irradiation in Patients with Mesothelioma

1990 • 44 citations

The distribution of adhesive mechanisms in the normal bronchial epithelium

1993 • 44 citations

Identification of surfactant proteolipid SP-B in human surfactant and fetal lung

1988 • 43 citations

Physiologic and toxicologic responses of alveolar type II cells

1990 • 41 citations

Immunosuppression by pulmonary surfactant: mechanisms of action.

1990 • 41 citations

Surface and Tissue Forces, Surfactant Protein A, and the Phospholipid Components of Pulmonary Surfactant in Bleomycin-induced Pulmonary Fibrosis in the Rat

1990 • 40 citations

Clearance of surfactant phosphatidylcholine from adult rabbit lungs

1988 • 40 citations

Exogenous surfactant therapy in thirty-eight hour lung graft preservation for transplantation

1994 • 39 citations

The Effect of Pulmonary Surface-Active Material on the Generation and Expression of Murine B- and T-Lymphocyte Effector Functions in Vitro

1985 • 39 citations

Dissolution and reassembly of tubular myelin-like multilamellated structures from the lungs of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis.

1986 • 38 citations

Surfactant Analysis during Pneumocystis carinii Pneumonia in HIV-Infected Patients

1992 • 38 citations

Type II Alveolar Epithelial Eicosanoid Metabolism: Predominance of Cyclooxygenase Pathways and Transcellular Lipoxygenase Metabolism in Co-culture with Neutrophils

1992 • 38 citations

Class II molecules on rat alveolar type II epithelial cells

1988 • 37 citations

Surfactant protein D (SP-D) counteracts the inhibitory effect of surfactant protein A (SP-A) on phospholipid secretion by alveolar type II cells. Interaction of native SP-D with SP-A

1991 • 36 citations

Pulmonary surfactant suppresses the immune lung injury response to inhaled antigen in guinea pigs.

1990 • 36 citations

Alveolar Epithelial Cells Block Lymphocyte Proliferation In Vitro without Inhibiting Activation

1991 • 36 citations

Surface properties and sensitivity to protein-inhibition of a recombinant apoprotein C-based phospholipid mixture in vitro — comparison to natural surfactant

1991 • 35 citations

Immunosuppressive properties of surfactant and plasma on alveolar macrophages.

1995 • 35 citations

In Vivo Regulation of Surfactant Proteins by Glucocorticoids

1991 • 35 citations

Surfactant Replacement in Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

1989 • 35 citations

Changes in Phosphatidylglycerol in Bronchoalveolar Lavage Fluids from Patients with Cryptogenic Fibrosing Alveolitis

1989 • 34 citations

ICAM-1 and integrin expression on isolated human alveolar type II pneumocytes

1994 • 33 citations

Clearance of surfactant phosphatidylcholine via the upper airways in rabbits

1988 • 32 citations

Surfactant apoprotein-A concentration in sputum for diagnosis of pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

1991 • 31 citations

Enhancement of macrophage and monocyte cytotoxicity by the surface active material of lung lining fluid.

1987 • 30 citations

Prostaglandin and leukotriene production by alveolar type II cells in vitro

1990 • 30 citations

Immunomodulation by pulmonary surfactant.

1988 • 30 citations

Changes of lung surfactant and pressure-volume curve in bleomycin-induced pulmonary fibrosis

1991 • 30 citations

Rôle of surfactant free fatty acids in antimicrobial defenses.

1987 • 29 citations

Surface Adsorption of Pulmonary Surfactant in Relation to Bulk-Phase Concentration and Presence of CaCl<sub>2</sub>

1983 • 28 citations

Pulmonary surfactant in bronchoalveolar lavage after canine lung transplantation: Effect of l-carnitine application

1990 • 28 citations

Immunologic consequences of exogenous surfactant administration.

1988 • 28 citations

Alterations of acidic phospholipids in bronchoalveolar lavage fluids of patients with pulmonary alveolar proteinosis

1989 • 27 citations

Amiodarone- and Desethylamiodarone-induced Pulmonary Phospholipidosis, Inhibition of Phospholipases In Vivo, and Alteration of [¹⁴C]Amiodarone Uptake by Perfused Lung

1991 • 24 citations

Selective intrabronchial instillation of surfactant in a patient with pneumonia: a preliminary report

1993 • 24 citations

Implication of Surfactant Apoprotein in Otitis Media with Effusion

1991 • 23 citations

Surface tension induced by dipalmitoyl lecithin in vitro under physiological conditions

1979 • 22 citations

Prostacyclin Modulates Granulocyte/Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Release By Human Blood Mononuclear Cells

1996 • 22 citations

Decreased phosphatidylcholine in the lung fluid of patients with sarcoidosis

1985 • 21 citations

Chemical structure of phospholipids in the lungs and airways of sheep

1990 • 21 citations

Increased surfactant protein A content in human alveolar macrophages in hypersensitivity pneumonitis.

1992 • 20 citations

Distribution of surfactant protein A in rat lung.

1994 • 20 citations

Successful Treatment of ARDS With Two Doses of Synthetic Surfactant

1994 • 19 citations

Surfactant replacement: immunological considerations.

1989 • 18 citations

Surfactant abnormality after endotoxin-induced lung injury in guinea-pigs.

1987 • 16 citations

Bronchoalveolar lavage phospholipid abnormalities in HIV-infected patients

1993 • 16 citations

Surfactant Proteins and SP-D

1991 • 14 citations

Release of prostaglandins and thromboxanes by guinea pig isolated type II pneumocytes

1990 • 11 citations

Levels of SP‐A‐anti‐SP‐A immune complexes in neonatal respiratory distress syndrome correlate with subsequent development of bronchopulmonary dysplasia

1995 • 11 citations

Amiodarone ? induced changes in surfactant phospholipids of rat lung

1993 • 10 citations

Changes of alveolar stability and phospholipids in pulmonary surfactant in acute pancreatitis

1983 • 9 citations

Lung derived surface active material (SAM) inhibits natural killer cell tumor cytotoxicity.

1989 • 9 citations

Lung surfactant: basic research in the pathogenesis of lung disorders

1995 • 8 citations

Pulmonary surfactant as a physiologic immunosuppressive agent.

1990 • 8 citations

Sixty years of surfactant research

1990 • 7 citations

Surfactant Protein D: Possible Roles in Pulmonary Host Defense

2015 • 7 citations

The Surfactant System of the Lung

1985 • 6 citations

Lung Surfactant-associated Proteins and Type IV Collagen Share Common Epitopes: An Immunocytochemical Demonstration

1989 • 6 citations

The Toxicology of Inhaled Particles

2006 • 6 citations

Regulation of Surfactant Metabolism: Degradation of Internalized Alveolar Phosphatidylcholine

2015 • 4 citations

Metabolism and Degradation of Alveolar Surfactant1

2015 • 4 citations

The Role of Surfactant in the Pathogenesis of Pneumonia

2015 • 1 citations

Surfactant and Adult Respiratory Distress Syndrome

2015 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations