A cognitive view of the performance appraisal process: A model and research propositions

The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.

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The magical number seven, plus or minus two: Some limits on our capacity for processing information.

1956 • 16,233 citations

The Handbook of Social Psychology

1969 • 12,920 citations

Telling more than we can know: Verbal reports on mental processes.

1977 • 10,326 citations

Levels of processing: A framework for memory research

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The Economics of Information

1961 • 4,796 citations

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Heuristic versus systematic information processing and the use of source versus message cues in persuasion.

1980 • 4,596 citations

Attribution: Perceiving the Causes of Behavior

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Depth of processing and the retention of words in episodic memory.

1975 • 3,647 citations

Attribution theory in social psychology

1967 • 3,501 citations

From Acts To Dispositions The Attribution Process In Person Perception

1965 • 3,336 citations

The actor and the observer : Divergent perceptions of the causes of behavior

1972 • 2,529 citations

Task complexity and contingent processing in decision making: An information search and protocol analysis

1976 • 2,004 citations

New directions in attribution research

1976 • 1,992 citations

Comparison of Bayesian and regression approaches to the study of information processing in judgment

1971 • 1,820 citations

Behavioral Decision Theory

1977 • 1,727 citations

Nebraska Symposium on Motivation, 1959

1960 • 1,650 citations

The role of category accessibility in the interpretation of information about persons: Some determinants and implications.

1979 • 1,539 citations

Category accessibility and impression formation

1977 • 1,502 citations

The economics of information

1963 • 1,438 citations

Attention and weight in person perception: The impact of negative and extreme behavior.

1980 • 1,421 citations

Salience, Attention, and Attribution: Top of the Head Phenomena

1978 • 1,266 citations

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1981 • 1,051 citations

Cognitive Learning, Cognitive Response to Persuasion, and Attitude Change

1968 • 962 citations

Schematic Bases of Social Information Processing

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Psychological Foundations of Attitudes

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Retranslation of expectations: An approach to the construction of unambiguous anchors for rating scales.

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Beyond attribution theory: Cognitive processes in performance appraisal.

1981 • 820 citations

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1974 • 780 citations

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1980 • 766 citations

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1972 • 747 citations

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1980 • 701 citations

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Perceiving the Causes of Success and Failure

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Attribution and the psychology of prediction.

1975 • 615 citations

Category accessibility and social perception: Some implications for the study of person memory and interpersonal judgments.

1980 • 598 citations

Person Memory: The Cognitive Basis of Social Perception

1980 • 584 citations

Reconstructing the past: Some cognitive consequences of person perception.

1978 • 547 citations

Attention and automaticity in the processing of self-relevant information.

1982 • 514 citations

Relative importance of applicant sex, attractiveness, and scholastic standing in evaluation of job applicant resumes.

1975 • 501 citations

Judgment of covariation by social perceivers.

1981 • 436 citations

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1959 • 432 citations

Illusory correlation in observational report

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Ubiquitous halo.

1981 • 407 citations

Encoding of personal information: Self–other differences.

1979 • 393 citations

Split Roles in Performance Appraisal

1981 • 341 citations

Recall for confirming events: Memory processes and the maintenance of social stereotypes

1979 • 338 citations

Expert judgment: Some necessary conditions and an example.

1974 • 335 citations

Social categorization and memory for in-group and out-group behavior.

1980 • 334 citations

A Cognitive -Attributional Analysis of Stereotyping1

1979 • 320 citations

Social explanation and social expectation: Effects of real and hypothetical explanations on subjective likelihood.

1977 • 314 citations

Category accessibility: Some theoretical and empirical issues concerning the processing of social stimulus information

1981 • 312 citations

Organizational Behavior.

1980 • 311 citations

Person categories and social perception: Testing some boundaries of the processing effect of prior knowledge.

1981 • 308 citations

Exploring predecisional behavior: An alternative approach to decision research

1978 • 293 citations

From individual to group impressions: Availability heuristics in stereotype formation

1978 • 287 citations

Performance appraisal: A process focus.

1983 • 285 citations

Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering.

1982 • 283 citations

Retrieval selectivity in memory-based impression judgments.

1979 • 260 citations

Training managers to minimize rating errors in the observation of behavior.

1975 • 258 citations

BEHAVIORAL OBSERVATION SCALES FOR PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL PURPOSES

1977 • 256 citations

An Uneasy Look at Performance Appraisal

1975 • 255 citations

Testing hypotheses about other people: The use of historical knowledge

1979 • 253 citations

Base rates can affect individual predictions.

1980 • 238 citations

Transmission of positive and negative feedback to subordinates: A laboratory investigation.

1979 • 224 citations

THE CONTROL OF BIAS IN RATINGS: A THEORY OF RATING

1982 • 220 citations

Effects of rater training: Creating new response sets and decreasing accuracy.

1980 • 218 citations

Race and sex as determinants of ratings by potential employers in a simulated work-sampling task.

1974 • 206 citations

The power of consensus: Information derived from one's own and others' behavior.

1977 • 192 citations

Consistency of rating accuracy and rating errors in the judgment of human performance

1977 • 186 citations

Person memory and causal attributions.

1983 • 177 citations

Effects of instructions to avoid halo error on reliability and validity of performance evaluation ratings.

1975 • 173 citations

Do people use consensus information in making causal attributions?

1977 • 167 citations

Schemas and images as memory aids: Two modes of processing social information.

1980 • 145 citations

A further examination of the selection of problem-solving strategies: The effects of deadlines and analytic aptitudes

1980 • 143 citations

Individual, Product Class, and Task-Related Factors in Consumer Information Processing

1980 • 143 citations

BEHAVIORALLY ANCHORED RATING SCALES: A REVIEW OF THE LITERATURE.

1975 • 139 citations

The Performance Appraisal Process: A Model and Some Testable Propositions

1978 • 139 citations

Performance appraisal decisions as a function of rater training and purpose of the appraisal.

1982 • 131 citations

Capturing rater policies for processing evaluation data

1977 • 128 citations

Effects of rater training and diary-keeping on psychometric error in ratings.

1977 • 126 citations

Intergroup cooperation and intergroup attraction: The effect of previous interaction and outcome of combined effort

1977 • 121 citations

Relationship between observational accuracy and accuracy in evaluating performance.

1982 • 121 citations

Generality of impression-formation processes for evaluative and nonevaluative judgments.

1971 • 116 citations

Locus of cause and equity motivation as determinants of reward allocation.

1971 • 112 citations

Pre-Purchase Information Acquisition: Description of a Process Methodology, Research Paradigm, and Pilot Investigation

1976 • 110 citations

The generalizability of salience effects.

1979 • 103 citations

The Use of Simulated Stimuli and the "Jan" Technique to Capture and Cluster the Policies of Raters

1965 • 98 citations

EFFECT OF INSTRUCTIONAL CONDITIONS IN PRODUCING LENIENCY ON TWO TYPES OF RATING SCALES¹

1969 • 93 citations

Causal schemata: Review and criticism of research on a popular construct.

1982 • 93 citations

Effects of processing objectives on the recall of prose material.

1982 • 93 citations

Curiosity and control: On the determinants of the search for social knowledge.

1981 • 89 citations

Information acquisition and attribution processes.

1980 • 84 citations

The role of purpose in the organization of information about behavior: Trait-based versus goal-based categories in person cognition.

1981 • 84 citations

Schematic Principles in Human Memory

2022 • 82 citations

Remembering schema-consistent information: Effects of a balance schema on recognition memory.

1979 • 77 citations

Lecture vs. group decision in changing behavior.

1952 • 77 citations

TRAINING PROGRAMS FOR OBSERVERS OF BEHAVIOR: A REVIEW¹

1978 • 74 citations

Sex Effects on Managerial Hiring Decisions.

1978 • 72 citations

The Organization of Social Information

2022 • 71 citations

Performance Sampling in Social Matches

1978 • 69 citations

The Effects of Sex, Marital Status, and Educational Background on Selection Decisions.

1978 • 68 citations

Operational utility and psychometric characteristics of Behavioral Expectation Scales: A cognitive reinterpretation.

1977 • 68 citations

Commonsense attribution.

1980 • 61 citations

An Uneasy Look at Performance Appraisal

1975 • 58 citations

Profiles of Performance, Performance Evaluations, and Personnel Decisions.

1981 • 57 citations

Physical Attractiveness of the "Other Person" and Jealousy

1978 • 54 citations

Effect of rater participation in scale contruction on the psychometric characteristics of two rating scale formats.

1976 • 52 citations

Effects of information on stereotype development in performance appraisal and interview contexts.

1976 • 51 citations

Variation in behavior perception and ability attribution.

1979 • 48 citations

Effects of applicant stereotypes, order, and information on interview impressions.

1974 • 43 citations

Employment interviewers' errors in processing positive and negative information.

1972 • 42 citations

Effects of life and job stress on information search behaviors of organizational members.

1982 • 42 citations

Effects of cognitive complexity and of perceiver's set upon the organization of impressions.

1975 • 41 citations

An Information-Processing Approach To the Study of Job Design

1980 • 38 citations

Distinctiveness and consensus: The influence of behavioral information on actors' and observers' attributions.

1976 • 37 citations

Consistency and bias in the attribution of attitudes.

1979 • 37 citations

Information Search as Affected by Attribution Type and Response Category

1975 • 35 citations

Behaviorally Anchored Rating Scales: Some Theoretical Issues

1978 • 28 citations

Effects of purpose on the organization and recall of information in person perception¹

1979 • 28 citations

Informational factors underlying inferences about hypothetical persons.

1976 • 24 citations

Field independence and perceptions of task characteristics: A laboratory investigation.

1979 • 20 citations

Scientific deduction--evidence is not necessarily informative: A reply to Wells and Harvey.

1978 • 19 citations

Impressions of a speaker as a function of set to understand or to evaluate, of cognitive complexity, and of prior attitudes¹

1975 • 19 citations

Distinctiveness and consensus: The influence of behavioral information on actors' and observers' attributions.

1976 • 19 citations

Cognitive Representations of Persons

2022 • 16 citations

Field independence and perceptions of task characteristics: A laboratory investigation.

1979 • 14 citations

Rater Training: A Critique and Reconceptualization.

1979 • 14 citations

Non‐Technical Factors in Supervisors' Ratings of Job Performance

1955 • 13 citations

Scientific deduction—evidence is not necessarily informative: A reply to Wells and Harvey.

1978 • 13 citations

Effect of exceptions on verbal reconstructive memory.

1973 • 11 citations

The Effects of Payoff on the Visual Processing of Dental Radiographs

1978 • 8 citations

Error and variability in the visual processing of dental radiographs.

1971 • 6 citations

Cognitive Processes in Inferences About a Person's Personality

2022 • 3 citations

AN EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION OF INFORMATION SEARCH IN PERFORMANCE APPRAISAL

1982 • 2 citations