Neuroscience of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: the search for endophenotypes

Behavioral inhibition, sustained attention, and executive functions: Constructing a unifying theory of ADHD.

1997 • 6,883 citations

Executive Functions and Developmental Psychopathology

1996 • 3,104 citations

Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter

1996 • 2,452 citations

Effect of COMT Val ^108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia

2001 • 2,408 citations

A continuous performance test of brain damage.

1956 • 2,206 citations

Anticipation of Increasing Monetary Reward Selectively Recruits Nucleus Accumbens

2001 • 2,192 citations

On inhibition/disinhibition in developmental psychopathology: Views from cognitive and personality psychology and a working inhibition taxonomy.

2000 • 1,751 citations

A Parametric Study of Prefrontal Cortex Involvement in Human Working Memory

1997 • 1,643 citations

Developmental Trajectories of Brain Volume Abnormalities in Children and Adolescents With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 • 1,610 citations

On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A model and a method.

1984 • 1,271 citations

Quantitative Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1996 • 1,179 citations

Diagnosis and Treatment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Children and Adolescents

1998 • 1,095 citations

On the ability to inhibit simple and choice reaction time responses: A model and a method.

1984 • 1,055 citations

Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.

1995 • 1,023 citations

Hypofrontality in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder During Higher-Order Motor Control: A Study With Functional MRI

1999 • 1,017 citations

The Child and Adolescent Psychiatric Assessment (CAPA)

1995 • 968 citations

Impulsive Choice Induced in Rats by Lesions of the Nucleus Accumbens Core

2001 • 908 citations

Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception

1996 • 907 citations

The Role of Working Memory in Visual Selective Attention

2001 • 904 citations

Trends in the Prescribing of Psychotropic Medications to Preschoolers

2000 • 872 citations

Is ADHD a disinhibitory disorder?

2001 • 869 citations

Psychological heterogeneity in AD/HD—a dual pathway model of behaviour and cognition

2002 • 867 citations

The cocktail party phenomenon revisited: The importance of working memory capacity

2001 • 866 citations

Implication of Right Frontostriatal Circuitry in Response Inhibition and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1997 • 811 citations

Gating of Human Theta Oscillations by a Working Memory Task

2001 • 791 citations

Meta-Analysis of the Association Between the 7-Repeat Allele of the Dopamine D₄ Receptor Gene and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2001 • 754 citations

Developmental dyslexia: the cerebellar deficit hypothesis

2001 • 749 citations

Response Inhibition in AD/HD, CD, Comorbid AD/HD+CD, Anxious, and Control Children: A Meta-analysis of Studies with the Stop Task

1998 • 702 citations

The representation of temporal information in perception and motor control

1996 • 652 citations

The ecological validity of delay aversion and response inhibition as measures of impulsivity in AD/HD: a supplement to the NIMH multimodal treatment study of AD/HD.

2001 • 629 citations

Executive functioning, temporal discounting, and sense of time in adolescents with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and oppositional defiant disorder (ODD).

2001 • 614 citations

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Advances in Cognitive, Neurobiological, and Genetic Research

1998 • 612 citations

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder

1998 • 582 citations

Is Methylphenidate Like Cocaine?

1995 • 575 citations

Cerebellum in attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

1998 • 569 citations

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder

2001 • 567 citations

Developmental Psychopathology

1996 • 564 citations

Increased striatal dopamine transporter in adult patients with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: effects of methylphenidate as measured by single photon emission computed tomography

2000 • 517 citations

Handbook of Disruptive Behavior Disorders

1999 • 503 citations

Neuropsychological Executive Functions and DSM-IV ADHD Subtypes

2002 • 496 citations

Case-Control Study of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder and Maternal Smoking, Alcohol Use, and Drug Use During Pregnancy

2002 • 489 citations

Theta oscillations index human hippocampal activation during a working memory task

2000 • 488 citations

American Medical Association Council on Scientific Affairs

1988 • 477 citations

Family-Environment Risk Factors for Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1995 • 474 citations

Gene-Environment Interplay in Relation to Emotional and Behavioral Disturbance

2002 • 464 citations

A comparison of the neuropsychological profiles of the DSM-IV subtypes of ADHD.

2001 • 458 citations

Dopamine genes and ADHD

2000 • 454 citations

A Genomewide Screen for Autism: Strong Evidence for Linkage to Chromosomes 2q, 7q, and 16p

2001 • 446 citations

Quantitative Brain Magnetic Resonance Imaging in Girls With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2001 • 429 citations

Amphetamine-induced loss of human dopamine transporter activity: An internalization-dependent and cocaine-sensitive mechanism

2000 • 410 citations

Selective Brain Dopamine Depletion in Developing Rats: An Experimental Model of Minimal Brain Dysfunction

1976 • 400 citations

Toward a Pathophysiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivint Disorder

1997 • 399 citations

Is the Continuous Performance Task a Valuable Research Tool for use with Children with Attention‐Deficit‐Hyperactivity Disorder?

1993 • 384 citations

Psychological Mechanisms in Hyperactivity: I Response Inhibition Deficit, Working Memory Impairment, Delay Aversion, or Something Else?

2001 • 375 citations

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Advances in Cognitive, Neurobiological, and Genetic Research

1998 • 365 citations

Integrating Assessment Data from Multiple Informants

1996 • 354 citations

Book Review: Reward Signaling by Dopamine Neurons

2001 • 347 citations

Executive function and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children

1999 • 340 citations

Information Processing and Energetic Factors in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1999 • 327 citations

DOPA Decarboxylase Activity in Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Adults. A [Fluorine-18]Fluorodopa Positron Emission Tomographic Study

1998 • 320 citations

Can inattention/overactivity be an institutional deprivation syndrome?

2001 • 320 citations

Functional deficits in basal ganglia of children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder shown with functional magnetic resonance imaging relaxometry

2000 • 320 citations

Cerebellar Timing Systems

1997 • 311 citations

Evaluation of Cerebellar Size in Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1998 • 305 citations

A Naturalistic Assessment of the Motor Activity of Hyperactive Boys

1983 • 302 citations

A Genomewide Scan for Loci Involved in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 • 299 citations

Effects of Dextroamphetamine on Cognitive Performance and Cortical Activation

2000 • 299 citations

Evidence for a pure time perception deficit in children with ADHD

2002 • 294 citations

Alterations in the Functional Anatomy of Working Memory in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2000 • 268 citations

DSM-IV Field Trials for the Disruptive Behavior Disorders: Symptom Utility Estimates

1994 • 267 citations

Toward Unified Theories of Working Memory: Emerging General Consensus, Unresolved Theoretical Issues, and Future Research Directions

1999 • 264 citations

Altered responsiveness to cocaine in rats exposed to methylphenidate during development

2001 • 262 citations

How Common Is Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder?

2002 • 260 citations

Distribution of cortical activation during visuospatial n-back tasks as revealed by functional magnetic resonance imaging

1998 • 260 citations

Endophenotypes as quantitative risk factors for psychiatric disease: Rationale and study design

2001 • 258 citations

High Midbrain [¹⁸F]DOPA Accumulation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1999 • 252 citations

Objective Measurement of Hyperactivity and Attentional Problems in ADHD

1996 • 241 citations

The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic scanning process for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder: Reliability and validity studies.

2001 • 236 citations

Sense of time in children with ADHD: Effects of duration, distraction, and stimulant medication

1997 • 234 citations

Cerebellar pathways to ventral midbrain and nigra

1976 • 228 citations

Actigraphy and Parental Ratings of Sleep in Children with Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2001 • 227 citations

Impaired attention as an endophenotype for molecular genetic studies of schizophrenia

2001 • 227 citations

Electroencephalogram differences in two subtypes of Attention‐Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2001 • 226 citations

The development of a quantitative electroencephalographic scanning process for attention deficit–hyperactivity disorder: Reliability and validity studies.

2001 • 223 citations

Stimulant drugs and ADHD : basic and clinical neuroscience

2001 • 219 citations

Cognitive Control Processes in Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1999 • 215 citations

The extent of drug therapy for attention deficit-hyperactivity disorder among children in public schools.

1999 • 207 citations

Genetic Influences in Childhood-Onset Psychiatric Disorders: Autism and Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

1997 • 204 citations

Time perception and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

2001 • 200 citations

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) behaviour explained by dysfunctioning reinforcement and extinction processes

2002 • 199 citations

Time perception and reproduction in young adults with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

2001 • 187 citations

Deficient intracortical inhibition in drug-naive children with attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder is enhanced by methylphenidate

2000 • 183 citations

Abnormal executive function in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: the effect of stimulant medication and age on spatial working memory

2001 • 182 citations

Effects of methylphenidate on regional brain glucose metabolism in humans: relationship to dopamine D2 receptors

1997 • 174 citations

Prenatal Nicotine Exposure Evokes Alterations of Cell Structure in Hippocampus and Somatosensory Cortex

2002 • 172 citations

Familiality and Heritability of Subtypes of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in a Population Sample of Adolescent Female Twins

2001 • 171 citations

Haplotype relative risk study of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Association of the high-enzyme activity val allele with adhd impulsive-hyperactive phenotype

1999 • 167 citations

Sensitivity to Reward Delay in Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD)

2001 • 165 citations

Genetic influences on childhood hyperactivity: contrast effects imply parental rating bias, not sibling interaction

1998 • 163 citations

Differential effects on facets of attention in adolescents prenatally exposed to cigarettes and marihuana

2001 • 163 citations

Regional distribution of nicotinic receptors during prenatal development of human brain and spinal cord

1998 • 160 citations

Childhood hyperactivity scores are highly heritable and show sibling competition effects: Twin study evidence

1995 • 157 citations

Response Execution and Inhibition in Children with AD/HD and Other Disruptive Disorders: The Role of Behavioural Activation

2001 • 157 citations

Simultaneous EEG and EDA measures in adolescent attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 • 156 citations

Early Methylphenidate Administration to Young Rats Causes a Persistent Reduction in the Density of Striatal Dopamine Transporters

2001 • 147 citations

Psychological Mechanisms in Hyperactivity: II The Role of Genetic Factors

2001 • 144 citations

Tyrosine Hydroxylase- and Dopamine Transporter-Immunoreactive Axons in the Primate Cerebellum Evidence for a Lobular- and Laminar-Specific Dopamine Innervation

2000 • 143 citations

Unaltered Dopamine Transporter Availability in Adult Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 • 138 citations

Deficient Inhibition as a Marker for Familial ADHD

2001 • 137 citations

Effects of Methylphenidate on Functional Magnetic Resonance Relaxometry of the Cerebellar Vermis in Boys With ADHD

2002 • 135 citations

CLINICAL USE OF RATING SCALES IN DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT OF ATTENTION-DEFICIT/HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

1999 • 130 citations

Motor control and state regulation in children with ADHD: a cardiac response study

2000 • 123 citations

Stimulation Seeking and Hyperactivity in Children with ADHD

2000 • 117 citations

The effects of dopamine and its antagonists on directional delay-period activity of prefrontal neurons in monkeys during an oculomotor delayed-response task

2001 • 114 citations

Putamen Lesions and the Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Symptomatology

2002 • 110 citations

Is attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder an energy deficiency syndrome?

2001 • 106 citations

Is the Spatial Distribution of Brain Lesions Associated with Closed-Head Injury Predictive of Subsequent Development of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder? Analysis with Brain-Image Database

1999 • 105 citations

Stimulant Drugs and ADHD: Basic and Clinical Neuroscience.

2002 • 101 citations

The dopamine transporter: relevance to attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2002 • 98 citations

Linkage study of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 • 97 citations

The pharmacology of human working memory

2001 • 94 citations

Genetic influences on attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2000 • 87 citations

Altered performance on an ocular fixation task in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2001 • 82 citations

Developmental Variations in Learning: Applications to Social, Executive Function, Language, and Reading Skills

2002 • 81 citations

Exploring the role of the cerebellum in sensory anticipation and timing: Commentary on Tesche and Karhu

2000 • 67 citations

No association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an Irish sample

2000 • 62 citations

Sex differences in response to red and blue light in human primary visual cortex: a bold fMRI study

2000 • 62 citations

Drugs used in the treatment of attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder affect postsynaptic firing rate and oscillation without preferential dopamine autoreceptor action

2001 • 61 citations

Report from the 4th International Meeting of the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Molecular Genetics Network

2003 • 60 citations

The effect of nicotine on developing brain catecholamine systems

1999 • 59 citations

A morphometric evidence for a hyperfunctioning mesolimbic system in an animal model of ADHD

2002 • 56 citations

Single-sweep analysis of event-related potentials by wavelet networks-methodological basis and clinical application

1999 • 52 citations

Deficits in attention, motor control and perception (DAMP): a simplified school entry examination

2000 • 44 citations

No association between low- and high-activity catecholamine-methyl-transferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of Turkish children

2000 • 44 citations

Developmental Variations in Learning

2001 • 42 citations

Reformulating Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder According to Signal Detection Theory

2000 • 41 citations

Multisecond oscillations in firing rate in the globus pallidus: synergistic modulation by D1 and D2 dopamine receptors.

1999 • 39 citations

Is the Continuous Performance Task Useful in Research with ADHD Children? Comments on a Review

1995 • 38 citations

Intravenous Dextroamphetamine and Brain Glucose Metabolism

1997 • 37 citations

Stimulation of the paleocerebellar cortex of the cat: increased rate of synthesis and release of catecholamines at limbic sites.

1983 • 36 citations

The effect of nicotine on developing brain catecholamine systems

1999 • 30 citations

Hyperactivity and Attention Disorders of Childhood

2003 • 27 citations

Ultradian periodicities in EEG and behavior in the squirrel monkey (Saimiri sciureus)

1984 • 26 citations

Classification of the Disruptive Behavior Disorders

1999 • 20 citations

Report from the third international meeting of the Attention‐Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Molecular Genetics Network

2002 • 19 citations

[Psychiatry in the press].

1983 • 19 citations

Changes in the glutamate release and uptake of cerebellar cells in perinatally nicotine-exposed rat pups.

2001 • 9 citations

Executive function and adhd: Stimulant medication and better executive function performance in children

2000 • 4 citations