Delay discounting of real and hypothetical rewards.

Decisions with Multiple Objectives: Preferences and Value Tradeoffs.

1994 • 8,503 citations

A Note on Measurement of Utility

1937 • 2,090 citations

Decisions with Multiple Objectives—Preferences and Value Tradeoffs

1977 • 1,952 citations

Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

1999 • 1,676 citations

An adjusting procedure for studying delayed reinforcement.

1987 • 1,648 citations

Heroin addicts have higher discount rates for delayed rewards than non-drug-using controls.

1999 • 1,623 citations

Impulsivity and cigarette smoking: delay discounting in current, never, and ex-smokers

1999 • 1,426 citations

AREA UNDER THE CURVE AS A MEASURE OF DISCOUNTING

2001 • 1,420 citations

SUBJECTIVE PROBABILITY AND DELAY

1991 • 1,319 citations

COMMITMENT, CHOICE AND SELF‐CONTROL¹

1972 • 1,207 citations

Toward a behavioral economic understanding of drug dependence: delay discounting processes

2001 • 1,101 citations

WITHIN‐SUBJECT COMPARISON OF REAL AND HYPOTHETICAL MONEY REWARDS IN DELAY DISCOUNTING

2002 • 964 citations

Measures of impulsivity in cigarette smokers and non-smokers

1999 • 900 citations

Picoeconomics: The Strategic Interaction of Successive Motivational States within the Person

1992 • 860 citations

DISCOUNTING OF DELAYED REWARDS: MODELS OF INDIVIDUAL CHOICE

1995 • 819 citations

Research on self-control: An integrating framework

1988 • 792 citations

DELAY OR PROBABILITY DISCOUNTING IN A MODEL OF IMPULSIVE BEHAVIOR: EFFECT OF ALCOHOL

1999 • 783 citations

Delay discounting of money and alcohol in actively using alcoholics, currently abstinent alcoholics, and controls

2001 • 756 citations

Bidding on the future: Evidence against normative discounting of delayed rewards.

1997 • 735 citations

Impulsive and self-control choices in opioid-dependent patients and non-drug-using control patients: Drug and monetary rewards.

1997 • 707 citations

The effect of positive feelings on risk taking: When the chips are down

1983 • 637 citations

Hyperbolic temporal discounting in social drinkers and problem drinkers.

1998 • 591 citations

Excessive discounting of delayed rewards in substance abusers with gambling problems

1999 • 433 citations

TEMPORAL DISCOUNTING: BASIC RESEARCH AND THE ANALYSIS OF SOCIALLY IMPORTANT BEHAVIOR

2001 • 417 citations

CHOICE IN A “SELF‐CONTROL” PARADIGM: EFFECTS OF A FADING PROCEDURE

1978 • 366 citations

The effect of delay and of intervening events on reinforcement value.

1987 • 343 citations

Toward a law of response strength.

1976 • 273 citations

Discounting of delayed rewards in opioid-dependent outpatients: Exponential or hyperbolic discounting functions?

1999 • 252 citations

Subjective probability and decision under uncertainty.

1959 • 221 citations

Economic Choice Theory: An Experimental Analysis of Animal Behavior

1995 • 219 citations

Needle sharing in opioid-dependent outpatients: psychological processes underlying risk

2000 • 208 citations

Reward discounting as a measure of impulsive behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population.

2000 • 184 citations

SELF‐CONTROL: TEACHING TOLERANCE FOR DELAY IN IMPULSIVE CHILDREN

1988 • 173 citations

Adjusting delay to reinforcement: Comparing choice in pigeons and humans.

1988 • 155 citations

Economic Choice Theory

1995 • 153 citations

Reward discounting as a measure of impulsive behavior in a psychiatric outpatient population.

2000 • 151 citations

Decision making by rats: Delay versus amount of reward.

1965 • 150 citations

A conceptual framework for explaining drug addiction

1998 • 146 citations

EFFECTS OF DELAYED REINFORCEMENT IN A CONCURRENT SITUATION¹

1965 • 107 citations

Differential effects of real versus hypothetical payoffs on choices among gambles.

1969 • 87 citations

An Axiomatic Theory of Consumer Time Preference

1963 • 82 citations

Confidence in judgments based on incomplete information: An investigation using both hypothetical and real gambles

1988 • 78 citations

A PROCEDURE TO TEACH SELF‐CONTROL TO CHILDREN WITH ATTENTION DEFICIT HYPERACTIVITY DISORDER

2000 • 71 citations

Hypothetical and real consequences in experimental auctions for insurance against low‐probability risks

1992 • 62 citations

PREFERENCES OVER TIME

1993 • 58 citations

Realism and Risk Taking

1974 • 17 citations

Hypothetical and Real Consequences in Experimental Auctions for Insurance against Low Probability Risks

1992 • 13 citations

Effects of Type of Payoff and Instructions on Individual Risk-Taking Behavior

1982 • 9 citations