The Role of Obesity and Related Metabolic Disturbances in Cancers of the Colon, Prostate, and Pancreas

Biochemistry and molecular cell biology of diabetic complications

2001 • 8,707 citations

Overweight, Obesity, and Mortality from Cancer in a Prospectively Studied Cohort of U.S. Adults

2003 • 7,305 citations

Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Their Binding Proteins: Biological Actions*

1995 • 4,419 citations

Normalizing mitochondrial superoxide production blocks three pathways of hyperglycaemic damage

2000 • 4,169 citations

Pathogenesis of NIDDM: A Balanced Overview

1992 • 2,111 citations

The Influence of Finasteride on the Development of Prostate Cancer

2021 • 2,078 citations

Insulin-like growth factors and their binding proteins: biological actions

1995 • 1,976 citations

Dietary Fiber, Glycemic Load, and Risk of Non—insulin-dependent Diabetes Mellitus in Women

1997 • 1,713 citations

Nutritional Regulation of the Insulin-Like Growth Factors*

1994 • 1,537 citations

Sex Differences of Endogenous Sex Hormones and Risk of Type 2 Diabetes

2006 • 1,270 citations

Variations in mortality by weight among 750,000 men and women

1979 • 1,200 citations

Prospective Study of Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men and Plasma Levels of Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I and IGF-Binding Protein-3

1999 • 1,128 citations

Pancreatic cancer biology and genetics

2002 • 1,105 citations

Type-II diabetes and pancreatic cancer: a meta-analysis of 36 studies

2005 • 1,054 citations

Physical Activity, Obesity, and Risk for Colon Cancer and Adenoma in Men

1995 • 1,014 citations

Diabetes Mellitus and Risk of Colorectal Cancer: A Meta-Analysis

2005 • 1,011 citations

Fasting Serum Glucose Level and Cancer Risk in Korean Men and Women

2005 • 967 citations

Insulin, Insulin-Like Growth Factors and Colon Cancer: A Review of the Evidence

2001 • 941 citations

Hypertriglyceridemic Waist

2000 • 911 citations

Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Acromegaly: A Retrospective Cohort Study¹

1998 • 824 citations

Insulin and colon cancer

1995 • 815 citations

Diabetes Mellitus as a Risk Factor for Pancreatic Cancer

1995 • 694 citations

Cohort study of diet, lifestyle, and prostate cancer in adventist men

1989 • 661 citations

Physical Activity, Obesity, Height, and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer

2001 • 653 citations

Serum C-Peptide, Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-I, IGF-Binding Proteins, and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Women

2000 • 653 citations

Insulin-like growth factors and cancer

1992 • 622 citations

A prospective study of obesity and cancer risk (Sweden).

2001 • 575 citations

Body Size and Risk of Colon and Rectal Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation Into Cancer and Nutrition (EPIC)

2006 • 546 citations

Increased Blood Glucose and Insulin, Body Size, and Incident Colorectal Cancer

1999 • 496 citations

Sugar, meat, and fat intake, and non-dietary risk factors for colon cancer incidence in Iowa women (United States)

1994 • 496 citations

Low Plasma Adiponectin Levels and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Men: A Prospective Study

2005 • 492 citations

A Meta-analysis of Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

2006 • 483 citations

Obesity and cancer risk: a danish record-linkage study

1994 • 446 citations

Sex hormones, inflammation and the metabolic syndrome: a population-based study

2003 • 436 citations

Prospective Study of Adult Onset Diabetes Mellitus (Type 2) and Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women

1999 • 426 citations

Abnormal Glucose Metabolism and Pancreatic Cancer Mortality

2000 • 412 citations

Body Size and Prostate Cancer: A 20-Year Follow-up Study Among 135006 Swedish Construction Workers

1997 • 405 citations

Plasma Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-Like Growth Factor-Binding Proteins, and Prostate Cancer Risk: a Prospective Study

2000 • 403 citations

Body size and composition and prostate cancer risk: systematic review and meta-regression analysis

2006 • 400 citations

Insulin, Glucose, Insulin Resistance, and Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers

2005 • 388 citations

Impact of Obesity on Biochemical Control After Radical Prostatectomy for Clinically Localized Prostate Cancer: A Report by the Shared Equal Access Regional Cancer Hospital Database Study Group

2003 • 387 citations

Pathologic Variables and Recurrence Rates As Related to Obesity and Race in Men With Prostate Cancer Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

2003 • 384 citations

Animal Fat Consumption and Prostate Cancer

1994 • 348 citations

Obesity, Diabetes, and Risk of Prostate Cancer: Results from the Prostate Cancer Prevention Trial

2006 • 348 citations

DIET, OBESITY, AND RISK OF FATAL PROSTATE CANCER1

1984 • 347 citations

Dietary fiber, glycemic load, and risk of non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus in women

1997 • 344 citations

Insulin therapy and colorectal cancer risk among type 2 diabetes mellitus patients

2004 • 342 citations

A meta-analysis of obesity and the risk of pancreatic cancer

2003 • 338 citations

A Prospective Study of Plasma C-Peptide and Colorectal Cancer Risk in Men

2004 • 333 citations

Association of Obesity and Cancer Risk in Canada

2004 • 332 citations

Prevention of pancreatic cancer induction in hamsters by metformin

2001 • 331 citations

Cancer risk in patients with diabetes mellitus

1991 • 331 citations

Diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer: a meta-analysis

2004 • 324 citations

The metabolic syndrome and risk of incident colorectal cancer

2006 • 321 citations

High‐grade prostate cancer is associated with low serum testosterone levels

2001 • 319 citations

Obesity and incidence of cancer: a large cohort study of over 145 000 adults in Austria

2005 • 317 citations

Obesity and cancer risk among white and black United States veterans

2004 • 314 citations

Prostate Cancer Risk and Serum Levels of Insulin and Leptin: a Population-Based Study

2001 • 309 citations

Prospective study of colorectal cancer risk and physical activity, diabetes, blood glucose and BMI: exploring the hyperinsulinaemia hypothesis

2001 • 294 citations

Physical activity, obesity, and risk of colorectal adenoma in women (United States)

1996 • 290 citations

Height, body weight, and risk of prostate cancer.

1997 • 287 citations

Circulating levels of free insulin-like growth factors in obese subjects: the impact of Type 2 diabetes

1999 • 287 citations

Insulin promotion of colon tumors in rats.

1996 • 280 citations

Predictors of pancreatic cancer mortality among a large cohort of United States adults.

2000 • 275 citations

Nutrition, Insulin, Insulin-like Growth Factors and Cancer

2003 • 271 citations

Dietary and Nutritional Factors and Pancreatic Cancer: a Case-Control Study Based on Direct Interviews

1998 • 263 citations

Body Mass Index and Risk of Prostate Cancer in U.S. Health Professionals

2003 • 260 citations

Mortality and Cancer Incidence in Acromegaly: A Retrospective Cohort Study

1998 • 259 citations

The association of body mass index and prostate‐specific antigen in a population‐based study

2005 • 251 citations

Relationship between insulin resistance, insulin secretion, very low density lipoprotein kinetics, and plasma triglyceride levels in normotriglyceridemic man

1981 • 249 citations

Prospective Study of Diet and Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers

2002 • 247 citations

Sex Steroid Hormones and the Androgen Receptor Gene CAG Repeat and Subsequent Risk of Prostate Cancer in the Prostate-Specific Antigen Era

2005 • 241 citations

Energy Intake and Prostate Tumor Growth, Angiogenesis, and Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Expression

1999 • 240 citations

Colorectal cancer mortality and factors related to the insulin resistance syndrome.

2002 • 239 citations

Insulin Resistance and Prostate Cancer Risk

2002 • 239 citations

Association of smoking, body mass, and physical activity with risk of prostate cancer in the Iowa 65+ Rural Health Study (United States).

1997 • 237 citations

Dietary Sugar, Glycemic Load, and Pancreatic Cancer Risk in a Prospective Study

2002 • 235 citations

Association of Visceral Fat Accumulation and Plasma Adiponectin with Colorectal Adenoma: Evidence for Participation of Insulin Resistance

2005 • 231 citations

A Prospective Study of C-Peptide, Insulin-like Growth Factor-I, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, and the Risk of Colorectal Cancer in Women

2005 • 224 citations

Hyperinsulinaemia: A prospective risk factor for lethal clinical prostate cancer

2005 • 220 citations

A prospective study of pancreatic cancer in the elderly

1994 • 218 citations

The role of manganese superoxide dismutase in the growth of pancreatic adenocarcinoma.

2003 • 212 citations

Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer: a quantitative review of prospective studies

1999 • 211 citations

Balancing susceptibility to infection and autoimmunity: a role for leptin?

2002 • 209 citations

Dietary fat intake and risk of prostate cancer: A prospective study of 25,708 Norwegian men

1997 • 207 citations

Anthropometry in Relation to Prostate Cancer Risk in the Netherlands Cohort Study

2000 • 207 citations

Lifestyle and Anthropometric Risk Factors for Prostate Cancer in a Cohort of Iowa Men

2000 • 206 citations

A Case-Control Study of Diet and Cancer of the Pancreas

1991 • 202 citations

Overall obesity, abdominal adiposity, diabetes and cigarette smoking in relation to the risk of pancreatic cancer in two Swedish population-based cohorts

2005 • 200 citations

Leptin Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Referent Study¹

2001 • 199 citations

Markers of insulin resistance and colorectal cancer mortality.

2001 • 190 citations

Metabolic Syndrome and the Risk of Prostate Cancer in Finnish Men: A Population-Based Study

2004 • 185 citations

Diabetes and Risk of Prostate Cancer in a Prospective Cohort of US Men

2005 • 185 citations

Circulating Steroid Hormones and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

2006 • 183 citations

Prostate Cancer Cell-Adipocyte Interaction

2003 • 182 citations

Abnormal Glucose Tolerance and the Risk of Cancer Death in the United States

2003 • 182 citations

Association of markers of insulin and glucose control with subsequent colorectal cancer risk.

2003 • 182 citations

Plasma leptin and colorectal cancer risk: A prospective study in Northern Sweden

2003 • 180 citations

Acromegaly and cancer risk: a cohort study in Sweden and Denmark.

2002 • 174 citations

Insulin Promotes Pancreatic Cancer: Evidence for Endocrine Influence on Exocrine Pancreatic Tumors

1996 • 174 citations

Regulation of Hypoxia-Inducible Factor-1α, Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor, and Angiogenesis by an Insulin-Like Growth Factor-I Receptor Autocrine Loop in Human Pancreatic Cancer

2003 • 173 citations

Consumption of sugar and sugar-sweetened foods and the risk of pancreatic cancer in a prospective study

2006 • 166 citations

The Metabolic Syndrome Is Associated with Reduced Risk of Prostate Cancer

2006 • 163 citations

Body size and prostate cancer: a population-based case-control study in China.

2000 • 161 citations

Metabolic Syndrome Predicts Prostate Cancer in a Cohort of Middle-aged Norwegian Men Followed for 27 Years

2006 • 161 citations

Physical activity and the risk of prostate and testicular cancer: a cohort study of 53,000 Norwegian men

1994 • 158 citations

Leptin and prostate cancer

2001 • 156 citations

Insulin-like growth factor I and transforming growth factor alpha as autocrine growth factors in human pancreatic cancer cell growth.

1990 • 153 citations

Socio-economic and lifestyle factors associated with the risk of prostate cancer

2000 • 152 citations

Diabetes mellitus as a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. A meta-analysis

1995 • 152 citations

Early Precursors of Site-Specific Cancers in College Men and Women<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref>

1985 • 149 citations

Diabetes mellitus and colorectal cancer risk.

1997 • 149 citations

The IGF Axis in the Prostate

1994 • 148 citations

C-Peptide Measurement: Methods and Clinical Utility

1984 • 146 citations

Diabetes mellitus and risk of prostate cancer (United States).

1998 • 146 citations

Body size and colorectal-cancer risk

1998 • 146 citations

A collaborative case‐control study of nutrient intake and pancreatic cancer within the search programme

1992 • 141 citations

Leptin Influences Cellular Differentiation And Progression In Prostrate Cancer

2003 • 137 citations

Insulin-like growth factor-I and prostate cancer: a meta-analysis

2001 • 136 citations

Obesity, Weight Gain, and Risk of Biochemical Failure among Prostate Cancer Patients following Prostatectomy

2005 • 136 citations

Diabetes status and post-load plasma glucose concentration in relation to site-specific cancer mortality: findings from the original Whitehall study

2004 • 135 citations

Quantitative genetic analyses of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-1, and insulin levels in middle-aged and elderly twins.

1996 • 134 citations

Hyperinsulinemia, But Not Other Factors Associated with Insulin Resistance, Acutely Enhances Colorectal Epithelial Proliferation in Vivo

2006 • 133 citations

Nutritional factors and pancreatic cancer in the francophone community in montréal, Canada

1991 • 132 citations

Expression of Antioxidant Enzymes in Diseases of the Human Pancreas: Another Link Between Chronic Pancreatitis and Pancreatic Cancer

2003 • 127 citations

HEART DISEASE RISK FACTORS, DIABETES, AND PROSTATIC CANCER IN AN ADULT COMMUNITY

1989 • 126 citations

A Prospective Study of Anthropometric and Clinical Measurements Associated with Insulin Resistance Syndrome and Colorectal Cancer in Male Smokers

2006 • 125 citations

A prospective study of medical conditions, anthropometry, physical activity, and pancreatic cancer in male smokers (Finland).

2002 • 125 citations

Relation of serum total cholesterol, serum triglycerides and fasting plasma glucose to colorectal carcinoma in situ

1998 • 124 citations

Leptin Is Associated with Increased Prostate Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Referent Study

2001 • 119 citations

Insulin Use in NIDDM

1990 • 118 citations

Obesity and the risk of prostate cancer

2004 • 117 citations

Obesity and survival after radical prostatectomy: A 10‐year prospective cohort study

2006 • 117 citations

Insulin Resistance, Apoptosis, and Colorectal Adenoma Risk

2005 • 117 citations

Anthropometry, Physical Activity, and the Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in the European Prospective Investigation into Cancer and Nutrition

2006 • 114 citations

Leptin

2003 • 113 citations

Sugar-Sweetened Soft Drink Consumption and Risk of Pancreatic Cancer in Two Prospective Cohorts

2005 • 107 citations

Physical activity, anthropometric factors and risk of pancreatic cancer: Results from the Canadian enhanced cancer surveillance system

2001 • 107 citations

Endogenous sex hormones and prostate cancer risk: a case-control study nested within the Carotene and Retinol Efficacy Trial.

2003 • 106 citations

Body size and composition and prostate cancer risk.

2003 • 104 citations

A prospective study of weight, body mass index and other anthropometric measurements in relation to site‐specific cancers

1994 • 104 citations

Serum Adiponectin is not Associated with Risk of Colorectal Cancer

2006 • 103 citations

A prospective study of lifestyle factors and the risk of pancreatic cancer in Nord-Trøndelag, Norway.

2000 • 102 citations

Physical and Demographic Features of Men Before Developing Cancer of the Prostate2

1974 • 101 citations

Leptin Is Associated with an Increased Female Colorectal Cancer Risk: A Nested Case-Control Study in Japan

2005 • 101 citations

Body Size and Prostate Cancer

2001 • 99 citations

Dietary intake as a risk factor for cancer of the exocrine pancreas.

1993 • 98 citations

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: The Impact on Colorectal Adenoma Risk in Women

2006 • 95 citations

Genetic blockade of the insulin-like growth factor-I receptor: a promising strategy for human pancreatic cancer.

2003 • 94 citations

Anthropometry and prostate cancer risk: a prospective study of 22,248 Norwegian men.

1999 • 94 citations

Family history of prostate cancer and obesity in relation to high‐grade disease and extraprostatic extension in young men with prostate cancer

2003 • 92 citations

Obesity and Adenomatous Polyps of the Sigmoid Colon

1994 • 92 citations

Association between adenomas of rectosigmoid colon and metabolic syndrome features in a Chinese population

2005 • 87 citations

Relationships of serum androgens and estrogens to prostate cancer risk: results from a prospective study in Finland.

1998 • 87 citations

Decreased High-Density Lipoprotein Cholesterol and Increased Low-Density Cholesterol Levels in Patients with Colorectal Adenomas

1993 • 86 citations

Androgen plasma levels in male diabetics

1984 • 84 citations

Serum insulin‐like growth factor‐I, insulin‐like growth factor binding protein‐3, and the risk of pancreatic cancer death

2004 • 84 citations

Plasma insulin, IGF‐binding proteins‐1 and ‐2 and risk of colorectal cancer: A prospective study in Northern Sweden

2003 • 83 citations

Increased serum insulin associated with increased risk of prostate cancer recurrence

2001 • 82 citations

C-Peptide, Insulin-like Growth Factor Binding Protein-1, Glycosylated Hemoglobin, and the Risk of Distal Colorectal Adenoma in Women

2006 • 80 citations

Leptin in relation to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

1998 • 80 citations

Impact of obesity on hypogonadism in the andropause

2002 • 79 citations

Insulin rapidly decreases insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 gene transcription in streptozotocin-diabetic rats.

1992 • 79 citations

Serum and tissue level of insulin‐like growth factor‐I (IGF‐I) and IGF‐I binding proteins as an index of pancreatitis and pancreatic cancer

2002 • 77 citations

Physical activity, body weight, and pancreatic cancer mortality

2003 • 77 citations

Interrelationships between plasma testosterone, SHBG, IGF-I, insulin and leptin in prostate cancer cases and controls

2003 • 77 citations

Plasma leptin is not associated with prostate cancer risk.

2003 • 75 citations

Does high body fatness increase the risk of presence and growth of colorectal adenomas followed up in situ for 3 years?

2001 • 75 citations

Are energy and energy‐providing nutrients related to exocrine carcinoma of the pancreas?

1990 • 72 citations

Interrelation of energy intake, body size, and physical activity with prostate cancer in a large prospective cohort study.

2003 • 70 citations

Glycemic index, glycemic load, and pancreatic cancer risk (Canada)

2005 • 69 citations

Plasma leptin concentrations and four-year weight gain among US men

2001 • 68 citations

Energy Imbalance and Prostate Cancer

2002 • 66 citations

Diabetes Mellitus and the Risk of Prostate Cancer

2002 • 65 citations

Leptin in relation to prostate cancer and benign prostatic hyperplasia

1998 • 65 citations

Lack of Association of Physical Activity and Obesity with Incident Pancreatic Cancer in Elderly Women

2005 • 64 citations

Reduced risk of prostate cancer among patients with diabetes mellitus

2002 • 62 citations

Hypertriglyceridemia is positively correlated with the development of colorectal tubular adenoma in Japanese men

2006 • 61 citations

Glycosylated hemoglobin and risk of colorectal cancer and adenoma (United States).

1999 • 61 citations

Body size, age at shaving initiation, and prostate cancer in a large, multiracial cohort

2000 • 59 citations

Quantitative genetic analyses of insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I), IGF-binding protein-1, and insulin levels in middle-aged and elderly twins

1996 • 59 citations

Anthropometric Factors and Pancreatic Cancer in a Population-based Case–control Study in the San Francisco Bay Area

2005 • 55 citations

Pancreatic Cancer in Mice and Man: The Penn Workshop 2004

2006 • 54 citations

Stimulation of islet cell proliferation enhances pancreatic ductal carcinogenesis in the hamster model.

1996 • 52 citations

Obesity before Age 30 Years and Risk of Advanced Prostate Cancer

2005 • 51 citations

Association of serum lipids and glucose with the risk of colorectal adenomatous polyp in men: a case-control study in Korea

2000 • 50 citations

Diabetes and the risk of prostate cancer

2002 • 50 citations

Postload plasma glucose concentration and 27-year prostate cancer mortality (United States).

2001 • 48 citations

Epidemiologic determinants of clinically relevant prostate cancer

2000 • 47 citations

Glucose Intolerance, Plasma Insulin Levels, and Colon Adenomas in Japanese Men

2001 • 47 citations

Relationship of Visceral Adipose Tissue to Recurrence of Adenomatous Polyps

2004 • 46 citations

Insulin-Like Growth Factor (IGF)-1, IGF-Binding Protein-3, and Pancreatic Cancer in Male Smokers

2004 • 44 citations

Clinical Significance of Insulin-Like Growth Factor Binding Proteins (IGFBPs)

1995 • 44 citations

Prospective Study of the Association of Serum Triglyceride and Glucose with Colorectal Cancer

2005 • 41 citations

Insulin rapidly decreases insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-1 gene transcription in streptozotocin-diabetic rats

1992 • 40 citations

Obesity and the risk of prostate cancer (United States)

2005 • 38 citations

Insulin‐like Growth Factor (IGF)‐I, IGF‐binding Protein‐3 and Colorectal Adenomas in Japanese Men

2002 • 33 citations

Disturbances in the Growth Hormone-Insulin-Like Growth Factor Axis in Children and Adolescents with Different Eating Disorders

1997 • 30 citations

Modification of pancreatic carcinogenesis in the hamster model. 3. Inhibitory effect of alloxan.

1983 • 28 citations

Glucose-specific regulation of aldose reductase in capan-1 human pancreatic duct cells In vitro.

1997 • 27 citations

Variable effect of streptozotocin-diabetes on the growth of hamster pancreatic cancer (H2T) in the Syrian hamster and nude mouse

1998 • 26 citations

The contribution of fructose and nitric oxide to oxidative stress in hamster islet tumor (HIT) cells through the inactivation of glutathione peroxidase

2000 • 23 citations

Modification of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Model. VIII. Inhibitory Effect of Exogenous Insulin<xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN2">2</xref><xref ref-type="fn" rid="FN3">3</xref>

1984 • 21 citations

Serum levels of insulin-like growth factors (IGF-I and IGF-II) and their binding protein (IGFBP-3) are not elevated in pancreatic cancer

1997 • 17 citations

Modification of Pancreatic Carcinogenesis in the Hamster Model. XI. Inhibitory Effect of Pilocarpine Hydrochloride23

1984 • 14 citations