Intracellular proteolytic systems may function as secondary antioxidant defenses: An hypothesis

Superoxide Dismutase

1969 • 12,578 citations

Hydroperoxide metabolism in mammalian organs.

1979 • 5,821 citations

Uric acid provides an antioxidant defense in humans against oxidant- and radical-caused aging and cancer: a hypothesis.

1981 • 2,777 citations

Free Radicals in Biology

1976 • 1,879 citations

Intracellular Protein Degradation in Mammalian and Bacterial Cells

1974 • 1,775 citations

Free radicals and tissue damage produced by exercise

1982 • 1,754 citations

Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. I. general aspects.

1987 • 1,618 citations

Role of oxygen-derived free radicals and metabolites in leukocyte-dependent inflammatory reactions.

1982 • 1,241 citations

Intracellular Protein Degradation in Mammalian and Bacterial Cells: Part 2

1976 • 1,060 citations

Positive control of a regulon for defenses against oxidative stress and some heat-shock proteins in Salmonella typhimurium

1985 • 1,025 citations

Abnormal Proteins Serve as Eukaryotic Stress Signals and Trigger the Activation of Heat Shock Genes

1986 • 904 citations

Interaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide. Inactivation of the enzyme

1975 • 777 citations

Proposed role of ATP in protein breakdown: conjugation of protein with multiple chains of the polypeptide of ATP-dependent proteolysis.

1980 • 727 citations

Glutathione Peroxidase: The Primary Agent for the Elimination of Hydrogen Peroxide in Erythrocytes^*

1963 • 667 citations

Mechanisms of Intracellular Protein Breakdown

1982 • 647 citations

Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. I. Anthracycline radical formation by NADH dehydrogenase.

1986 • 608 citations

Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. III. Modification of secondary and tertiary structure.

1987 • 572 citations

Free radicals, lipids and protein degradation

1986 • 556 citations

A soluble ATP-dependent proteolytic system responsible for the degradation of abnormal proteins in reticulocytes.

1977 • 553 citations

Uric acid-iron ion complexes. A new aspect of the antioxidant functions of uric acid

1986 • 538 citations

DT-diaphorase as a quinone reductase: A cellular control device against semiquinone and superoxide radical formation

1982 • 530 citations

Membrane protein damage and repair: Selective loss of a quinone-protein function in chloroplast membranes

1984 • 529 citations

Redox cycling of anthracyclines by cardiac mitochondria. II. Formation of superoxide anion, hydrogen peroxide, and hydroxyl radical.

1986 • 525 citations

Liposome oxidation and erythrocyte lysis by enzymically generated superoxide and hydrogen peroxide.

1977 • 509 citations

Regulation of protein metabolism: Coupling of photosynthetic electron transport to in vivo degradation of the rapidly metabolized 32-kilodalton protein of the chloroplast membranes

1984 • 498 citations

Protein damage and degradation by oxygen radicals. IV. Degradation of denatured protein.

1987 • 482 citations

Inactivation of key metabolic enzymes by mixed-function oxidation reactions: Possible implication in protein turnover and ageing

1983 • 467 citations

Oxidative Autoactivation of Latent Collagenase by Human Neutrophils

1985 • 466 citations

Phagocyte-generated oxygen metabolites and cellular injury.

1982 • 457 citations

Biochemical adaptation of mitochondria, muscle, and whole-animal respiration to endurance training

1981 • 433 citations

Oxygen Radicals, Hydrogen Peroxide, and Oxygen Toxicity

1976 • 430 citations

Inducible repair of oxidative DNA damage in Escherichia coli

1983 • 415 citations

Oxygen radicals stimulate intracellular proteolysis and lipid peroxidation by independent mechanisms in erythrocytes.

1987 • 414 citations

Isozymes of superoxide dismutase from wheat germ

1973 • 403 citations

Reduction and inactivation of superoxide dismutase by hydrogen peroxide

1974 • 393 citations

Ubiquitin is a heat shock protein in chicken embryo fibroblasts.

1985 • 392 citations

Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. I. Inactivation is due to loss of one histidine residue.

1983 • 367 citations

The Oxidation of Tyramine, Tyrosine, and Related Compounds by Peroxidase

1959 • 363 citations

Turnover of bacterial glutamine synthetase: oxidative inactivation precedes proteolysis.

1981 • 347 citations

Proteins damaged by oxygen radicals are rapidly degraded in extracts of red blood cells.

1987 • 336 citations

Turnover of protein in growing and non-growing populations of Escherichia coli

1958 • 309 citations

Oxidation of proteins by mixed-function oxidation systems: implication in protein turnover, ageing and neutrophil function

1986 • 290 citations

Preferential degradation of the oxidatively modified form of glutamine synthetase by intracellular mammalian proteases.

1985 • 282 citations

The Lipoxygenase of Reticulocytes

1979 • 280 citations

Protein Turnover and Lysosome Function

1978 • 279 citations

Inhibitors of Lysosomal Enzymes: Accumulation of Lipofuscin-Like Dense Bodies in the Brain

1984 • 274 citations

Oxidative modification of glutamine synthetase. II. Characterization of the ascorbate model system.

1983 • 266 citations

FREE RADICAL BIOLOGY: XENOBIOTICS, CANCER, AND AGING*

1982 • 252 citations

Interaction of bovine erythrocyte superoxide dismutase with hydrogen peroxide. Chemiluminescence and peroxidation

1975 • 249 citations

Characterization of the heat-stable polypeptide of the ATP-dependent proteolytic system from reticulocytes.

1980 • 243 citations

The influence of phospholipase A2 and glutathione peroxidase on the elimination of membrane lipid peroxides

1983 • 235 citations

Oxygen Effect in the Radiolysis of Proteins

1984 • 220 citations

Heat shock regulatory gene htpR influences rates of protein degradation and expression of the lon gene in Escherichia coli.

1984 • 217 citations

Phospholiphase A2 dependent release of fatty acids from peroxidized membranes

1985 • 203 citations

MEMBRANE EFFECTS OF VITAMIN E DEFICIENCY: BIOENERGETIC AND SURFACE CHARGE DENSITY STUDIES OF SKELETAL MUSCLE AND LIVER MITOCHONDRIA*

1982 • 184 citations

Polymerization of membrane components in aging red blood cells

1980 • 174 citations

Hemin-mediated oxidative degradation of proteins.

1984 • 173 citations

The analogous mechanisms of enzymatic inactivation induced by ascorbate and superoxide in the presence of copper.

1983 • 165 citations

ATP serves two distinct roles in protein degradation in reticulocytes, one requiring and one independent of ubiquitin.

1983 • 162 citations

Charge transfer between tryptophan and tyrosine in proteins

1982 • 157 citations

Effect of exercise on synthesis and degradation of muscle protein

1980 • 145 citations

Superoxide and superoxide dismutase in chemistry, biology and medicine

1987 • 141 citations

Association of lipid peroxidation and polymerization of membrane proteins with erythrocyte aging.

1981 • 137 citations

Mitochondrial NADH dehydrogenase‐catalyzed oxygen radical production by adriamycin, and the relative inactivity of 5‐iminodaunorubicin

1983 • 134 citations

The rate of reaction of superoxide radical ion with oxyhaemoglobin and methaemoglobin

1976 • 131 citations

Red blood cells contain a pathway for the degradation of oxidant-damaged hemoglobin that does not require ATP or ubiquitin.

1986 • 130 citations

Hydroxyl free radical reactions with amino acids and proteins studied by electron spin resonance spectroscopy and spin-trapping

1984 • 129 citations

Conjugation of ubiquitin to denatured hemoglobin is proportional to the rate of hemoglobin degradation in HeLa cells.

1982 • 128 citations

Conservation of vitamin C by uric acid in blood

1985 • 128 citations

Protein Degradation in Health and Disease

1981 • 124 citations

Radiation-Induced Oxidation of Protein in Aqueous Solution

1962 • 124 citations

The role of the superoxide anion as a toxic species in the erythrocyte

1977 • 121 citations

Liver mitochondria contain an ATP-dependent, vanadate-sensitive pathway for the degradation of proteins.

1982 • 121 citations

Protein degradation following treatment with hydrogen peroxide.

1984 • 116 citations

H2O2-induced uncoupling of bovine lens Na+,K+-ATPase.

1983 • 108 citations

Oxygen Effect in the Radiolysis of Proteins

1980 • 106 citations

Oxidized Proteins in Erythrocytes Are Rapidly Degraded by the Adenosine Triphosphate-Dependent Proteolytic System

1982 • 104 citations

Hydroperoxide anion, HO2−, is an affinity reagent for the inactivation of yeast Cu,Zn superoxide dismutase: Modification of one histidine per subunit

1983 • 102 citations

Protein degradation is stimulated by ATP in extracts of Escherichia coli.

1979 • 86 citations

Inactivation of Escherichia coli glutamine synthetase by xanthine oxidase, nicotinate hydroxylase, horseradish peroxidase, or glucose oxidase: Effects of ferredoxin, putidaredoxin, and menadione

1985 • 85 citations

Metabolism of individual proteins in exponentially growing Escherichia coli.

1980 • 82 citations

Endogenous free radical generation may influence proteolysis in Mitochondria

1985 • 76 citations

Determination and Characteristics of Energy-Dependent Proteolysis in Rabbit Reticulocytes

1980 • 75 citations

Loss of ATP-dependent proteolysis with maturation of reticulocytes and erythrocytes.

1982 • 72 citations

Fluorescence changes in human gamma-globulin induced by free-radical activity

1983 • 67 citations

Turnover of protein in Escherichia coli starving for nitrogen

1966 • 66 citations

Isolation and partial characterization of three acidic proteinases in erythrocyte membranes

1979 • 63 citations

On the Mechanism of the Radiation-induced Inactivation of Ribonuclease in Dilute Aqueous Solution

1971 • 62 citations

Vitamin E: biochemical, hematological, and clinical aspects.

1982 • 61 citations

Vanadate inhibits the ATP-dependent degradation of proteins in reticulocytes without affecting ubiquitin conjugation.

1984 • 61 citations

On the mechanism of superoxide dismutase reaction of the bovine enzyme with hydrogen peroxide and ferrocyanide

1973 • 59 citations

Identification of Proteolytic Activities in the Cytosolic Compartment of Mature Human Erythrocytes

1980 • 56 citations

Oxidative inactivation of glutamine synthetase subunits.

1984 • 56 citations

Inactivation of human α-1-proteinase inhibitor by gas-phase cigarette smoke

1984 • 56 citations

A comparison of the effects of cyanide, hydrogen peroxide, and phenylglyoxal on eucaryotic and procaryotic Cu,Zn superoxide dismutases

1985 • 53 citations

Radiolytic and Enzymatic Dimerization of Tyrosyl Residues in Insulin, Ribonuclease, Papain and Collagen

1983 • 50 citations

Comparative cardiac oxygen radical metabolism by anthracycline antibiotics, mitoxantrone, bisantrene, 4'-(9-acridinylamino)-methanesulfon-m-anisidide, and neocarzinostatin

1983 • 46 citations

Application of Radiation Chemistry to Biology

1977 • 46 citations

Ubisemiquinone radicals in liver: Implications for a mitochondrial Q cycle in vivo

1982 • 44 citations

Intracellular degradation of hemoglobin transferred into fibroblasts by fusion with red blood cells

1980 • 42 citations

Chemical and Biological Alterations Induced by Irradiation of I131 Labeled Human Serum Albumin

1957 • 41 citations

Biological functions of proteinases

1980 • 39 citations

MODE OF DEGRADATION OF ABNORMAL GLOBIN CHAINS IN RABBIT RETICULOCYTES

1978 • 39 citations

Superoxide radical from xanthine oxidase acting upon lumazine

1985 • 39 citations

ATP stimulates proteolysis in reticulocyte extracts by repressing an endogenous protease inhibitor.

1983 • 38 citations

Breakdown of aberrant protein in rabbit reticulocytes decreases with cell age

1980 • 37 citations

Effects of Ionizing Radiations on Biological Macromolecules

1967 • 33 citations

Selective Free Radical Reactions with Proteins and Enzymes: The Inactivation of α-chymotrypsin

1974 • 24 citations

Free radicals and protein degradation in human red blood cells.

1985 • 22 citations

OH Radical-induced Crosslinks of Methionine Peptides

1984 • 20 citations

Enzymatic Digestibility of Peptides Cross-linked by Ionizing Radiation

1984 • 16 citations

Nitrogen Economy and the Metabolism of Serine and Glycine in Reticulocytes of Rabbits

1980 • 16 citations

Studies of the ATP Dependence of Protein Degradation in Cells and Cell Extracts

1980 • 15 citations

Relevance of protease “inhibitor” to the ATP-ubiquitin proteolytic system

1984 • 15 citations

ATP‐Independent Proteolysis of Globin Cyanogen Bromide Peptides in Rabbit Reticulocyte Cell‐Free Extracts

1982 • 14 citations

Vitamin E deficiency and photosensitization of electron‐transport carriers in microsomes

1982 • 12 citations

A mathematical model that applies to protein degradation and post-translational processing of proteins and to analogous processes for other molecules in non-growing and exponentially growing cells

1984 • 8 citations

Studies of the Pathway for Protein Degradation in Escherichia coli and Mammalian Cells

1979 • 7 citations

Proteolysis of human reticulocyte membrane proteins: Evidence for a physiological role of the acid endopeptidases

1982 • 6 citations

Free radicals and protein degradation in human erythrocytes

1985 • 1 citations