What makes us tick? Functional and neural mechanisms of interval timing

The organization of behavior

1988 • 8,668 citations

The Psychology of Learning and Motivation

2021 • 4,196 citations

Coordination of circadian timing in mammals

2002 • 4,132 citations

Modulation of Oscillatory Neuronal Synchronization by Selective Visual Attention

2001 • 2,820 citations

Core systems of number

2004 • 2,307 citations

Internal models in the cerebellum

1998 • 2,295 citations

Scalar expectancy theory and Weber's law in animal timing.

1977 • 2,040 citations

Discrete Coding of Reward Probability and Uncertainty by Dopamine Neurons

2003 • 2,034 citations

A theory of magnitude: common cortical metrics of time, space and quantity

2003 • 1,943 citations

Scalar Timing in Memory

1984 • 1,711 citations

Stability, Precision, and Near-24-Hour Period of the Human Circadian Pacemaker

1999 • 1,589 citations

Temporal discrimination and the indifference interval: Implications for a model of the "internal clock".

1963 • 1,398 citations

Correlated neuronal activity and the flow of neural information

2001 • 1,335 citations

Multiple reward signals in the brain

2000 • 1,275 citations

Where and When to Pay Attention: The Neural Systems for Directing Attention to Spatial Locations and to Time Intervals as Revealed by Both PET and fMRI

1998 • 1,234 citations

Models of Information Processing in the Basal Ganglia

1994 • 1,152 citations

Neural Correlates of Motor Memory Consolidation

1997 • 1,026 citations

A mode control model of counting and timing processes.

1983 • 1,001 citations

THE NEURAL BASIS OF TEMPORAL PROCESSING

2004 • 968 citations

Neuropharmacology of timing and time perception

1996 • 907 citations

Cortico-striatal circuits and interval timing: coincidence detection of oscillatory processes

2004 • 849 citations

Perception and Estimation of Time

1984 • 838 citations

Distinct systems for automatic and cognitively controlled time measurement: evidence from neuroimaging

2003 • 815 citations

Closing the Circadian Loop: CLOCK-Induced Transcription of Its Own Inhibitors per and tim

1998 • 799 citations

The neural representation of time

2004 • 797 citations

Toward a neurobiology of temporal cognition: advances and challenges

1997 • 768 citations

Neuronal activity in monkey ventral striatum related to the expectation of reward

1992 • 755 citations

Attention modulates synchronized neuronal firing in primate somatosensory cortex

2000 • 733 citations

A basal ganglia pacemaker formed by the subthalamic nucleus and external globus pallidus

1999 • 716 citations

A behavioral theory of timing.

1988 • 695 citations

Intrinsic Oscillations of Neocortex Generated by Layer 5 Pyramidal Neurons

1991 • 694 citations

Representation of the Quantity of Visual Items in the Primate Prefrontal Cortex

2002 • 673 citations

Isolation of an internal clock.

1981 • 640 citations

Functional Anatomy of the Attentional Modulation of Time Estimation

2004 • 636 citations

Selective adjustment of the speed of internal clock and memory processes.

1983 • 615 citations

Flexible Control of Mutual Inhibition: A Neural Model of Two-Interval Discrimination

2005 • 555 citations

A Novel Spike Distance

2001 • 527 citations

Functional and Neural Mechanisms of Interval Timing

2003 • 519 citations

Neuropsychological mechanisms of interval timing behavior

2000 • 504 citations

Neural coding of basic reward terms of animal learning theory, game theory, microeconomics and behavioural ecology

2004 • 504 citations

The Cerebellum and Event Timing

2002 • 502 citations

A parieto-frontal network for visual numerical information in the monkey

2004 • 500 citations

Disrupted Timing of Discontinuous But Not Continuous Movements by Cerebellar Lesions

2003 • 473 citations

Orienting attention in time: behavioural and neuroanatomical distinction between exogenous and endogenous shifts

2000 • 464 citations

A review of differences between basal ganglia and cerebellar control of movements as revealed by functional imaging studies

1998 • 454 citations

Decisions uncertainty. and the brain: The science of neuroeconomics

2003 • 432 citations

Temporal processing in the basal ganglia.

1998 • 431 citations

Coupled Temporal Memories in Parkinson's Disease: A Dopamine-Related Dysfunction

1998 • 423 citations

Spike Transmission and Synchrony Detection in Networks of GABAergic Interneurons

2001 • 399 citations

Temporal processing in the basal ganglia.

1998 • 376 citations

Neural dynamics of adaptive timing and temporal discrimination during associative learning

1989 • 368 citations

Alternative representations of time, number, and rate

1990 • 361 citations

Interval timing and the encoding of signal duration by ensembles of cortical and striatal neurons.

2003 • 353 citations

Neuropsychology of timing and time perception

2004 • 346 citations

Scalar expectancy theory and peak-interval timing in humans.

1998 • 343 citations

New roles for synaptic inhibition in sound localization

2003 • 342 citations

Dissecting the Brain's Internal Clock: How Frontal–Striatal Circuitry Keeps Time and Shifts Attention

2002 • 329 citations

Differential effects of auditory and visual signals on clock speed and temporal memory.

2000 • 319 citations

Neuronal activity in monkey striatum related to the expectation of predictable environmental events

1992 • 309 citations

Numerical representation for action in the parietal cortex of the monkey

2002 • 305 citations

The Search for Simplicity: A Fundamental Cognitive Principle?

1999 • 296 citations

The differential effects of haloperidol and methamphetamine on time estimation in the rat

1983 • 286 citations

Neuropharmacological evidence for different timing mechanisms in humans.

1999 • 279 citations

The Physiological Control of Judgments of Duration: Evidence for a Chemical Clock

1933 • 277 citations

Affinity for the dopamine D2 receptor predicts neuroleptic potency in decreasing the speed of an internal clock

1986 • 272 citations

Models of information processing in the basal Ganglia

1995 • 271 citations

Cerebellar LTD and Learning-Dependent Timing of Conditioned Eyelid Responses

2003 • 268 citations

Attention and the frontal cortex as examined by simultaneous temporal processing

1988 • 263 citations

Activation of the supplementary motor area and of attentional networks during temporal processing

2002 • 250 citations

Model of Cortical-Basal Ganglionic Processing: Encoding the Serial Order of Sensory Events

1998 • 242 citations

Nucleus basalis magnocellularis and medial septal area lesions differentially impair temporal memory

1987 • 242 citations

The Storage of Time Intervals Using Oscillating Neurons

1989 • 242 citations

The supplementary motor area in motor and sensory timing: evidence from slow brain potential changes

1999 • 239 citations

fMRI Biomarker of Early Neuronal Dysfunction in Presymptomatic Huntington’s Disease

2004 • 235 citations

Basal ganglia and supplementary motor area subtend duration perception: an fMRI study

2003 • 234 citations

Resetting the Circadian Clock by Social Experience in Drosophila melanogaster

2002 • 230 citations

In vivo activity-dependent plasticity at cortico-striatal connections: Evidence for physiological long-term potentiation

1997 • 213 citations

Differential effects of methamphetamine and haloperidol on the control of an internal clock.

2002 • 212 citations

Differential effects of methamphetamine and haloperidol on the control of an internal clock.

2002 • 201 citations

Time, Internal Clocks and Movement

1996 • 197 citations

Separating Storage from Retrieval Dysfunction of Temporal Memory in Parkinson's Disease

2002 • 196 citations

Does the representation of time depend on the cerebellum?: Effect of cerebellar stroke

2003 • 188 citations

Temporal generalization.

1982 • 180 citations

Practice-Related Improvements in Somatosensory Interval Discrimination Are Temporally Specific But Generalize across Skin Location, Hemisphere, and Modality

1998 • 177 citations

Not “just” a coincidence: Frontal‐striatal interactions in working memory and interval timing

2004 • 171 citations

Numerical Magnitude in the Human Parietal Lobe

2004 • 171 citations

Frontal–striatal circuitry activated by human peak-interval timing in the supra-seconds range

2004 • 166 citations

Metabotropic glutamate receptors and striatal synaptic plasticity: implications for neurological diseases

2004 • 158 citations

Differential Modulation of Clock Speed by the Administration of Intermittent Versus Continuous Cocaine.

2004 • 154 citations

The organization of behavior.

1958 • 142 citations

Prefrontal involvement in temporal bridging and timing movement

1998 • 139 citations

Temporal Control of Conditioned Responding in Goldfish.

2005 • 135 citations

Auditory midbrain neurons that count

2002 • 131 citations

Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences. Volume 423. Timing and Time Perception Held at New York on 10-13 May 1983,

1984 • 130 citations

On dopaminergic modulation of temporal information processing

1993 • 130 citations

Control of an Internal Clock

1975 • 129 citations

Comparison of the Basal Ganglia and Cerebellum in Shifting Attention.

2001 • 128 citations

Temporal Specificity of Perceptual Learning in an Auditory Discrimination Task

2003 • 127 citations

Time and Behaviour Psychological and Neurobehavioural Analyses

1997 • 127 citations

Time estimation in schizophrenia: an fMRI study at adjusted levels of difficulty

2001 • 126 citations

The comparative psychology of fixed-interval responding: Some quantitative analyses

1991 • 123 citations

Interval-timing deficits in individuals at high risk for schizophrenia

2004 • 122 citations

Timing speech: a review of lesion and neuroimaging findings

2004 • 114 citations

Starlings’ preferences for predictable and unpredictable delays to food

1997 • 112 citations

Scalar timing in temporal generalization in humans with longer stimulus durations.

1997 • 107 citations

The reproduction of temporal intervals.

1930 • 105 citations

Temporal discrimination in schizophrenic and affective disorders: Evidence for a dopamine-dependent internal clock

1990 • 100 citations

VI. Contribution à l'étude du sens du Temps. La température interne comme facteur de variation de l'appréciation subjective des durées

1927 • 97 citations

Decisions, Uncertainty, and the Brain: The Science of Neuroeconomics

2003 • 96 citations

Sources of Variability and Systematic Error in Mouse Timing Behavior.

2004 • 95 citations

Timing in the baby brain

2004 • 93 citations

Neuroimaging of interval timing

2004 • 78 citations

Memory for Timing Visual and Auditory Signals in Albino and Pigmented Rats.

2005 • 77 citations

Programming the duration of a motor sequence: role of the primary and supplementary motor areas in man

1995 • 77 citations

The ‘internal clocks’ of circadian and interval timing

1997 • 72 citations

Scalar timing in temporal generalization in humans with longer stimulus durations.

1997 • 71 citations

Cerebellar dysfunctions of temporal processing in the seconds range in humans

1998 • 69 citations

Identification of Tone Duration, Line Length, and Letter Position: An Experimental Approach to Timing and Working Memory Deficits in Schizophrenia.

2004 • 68 citations

Temporal integration as a function of signal and gap intensity in rats (Rattus norvegicus) and pigeons (Columba livia).

2002 • 68 citations

Timing and Foraging: Gibbon's Scalar Expectancy Theory and Optimal Patch Exploitation

2002 • 67 citations

Psychologie du temps

1959 • 67 citations

Pharmacologic Properties of the Internal Clock Underlying Time Perception in Humans

1992 • 66 citations

Choline Uptake in the Frontal Cortex Is Proportional to the Absolute Error of a Temporal Memory Translation Constant in Mature and Aged Rats

2002 • 66 citations

Timing in simple conditioning and occasion setting: a neural network approach

1999 • 58 citations

Interval timing as an emergent learning property.

2003 • 55 citations

The ‘internal clocks’ of circadian and interval timing ( erratum )

1997 • 55 citations

Duration discrimination of empty time intervals marked by intermodal pulses

1983 • 54 citations

Information-Processing Characteristics of Explicit Time Estimation by Patients with Schizophrenia and Normal Controls

1998 • 52 citations

Processes involved in tempo perception: a CNV analysis

2003 • 48 citations

Timing of bimanual movements in human and non-human primates in relation to neuronal activity in primary motor cortex and supplementary motor area

2002 • 47 citations

Temporal control during maintenance and extinction of conditioned keypecking in ring doves

1999 • 46 citations

Interval timing in mice does not rely upon the circadian pacemaker

2003 • 46 citations

Aspects of temporal information processing: A dimensional analysis

2004 • 46 citations

Neurons in the lateral agranular frontal cortex have divided attention correlates in a simultaneous temporal processing task

2001 • 44 citations

Circadian time perception.

2001 • 43 citations

Chapter 8 Cooperation, conflict and compromise between circadian and interval clocks in pigeons

1997 • 41 citations

Methamphetamine-stimulated striatal dopamine release declines rapidly over time following microdialysis probe insertion

1996 • 31 citations

Implicit Temporal Tuning of Working Memory Strategy during Cognitive Skill Acquisition

2003 • 25 citations

Interval Timing and Genomics: What Makes Mutant Mice Tick?

2001 • 25 citations

Two kinds of timing in circadian incubation rhythm of ring doves

1984 • 21 citations

Un modèle neurobiologique de la perception et de l'estimation du temps

2005 • 20 citations