Accuracy and Expectancy-confirming Processing Orientations and the Development of Stereotypes and Prejudice

Belief, Attitude, Intention and Behavior: An Introduction to Theory and Research

1975 • 35,468 citations

Advances In Experimental Social Psychology

2022 • 21,549 citations

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

1957 • 21,402 citations

A Theory of Cognitive Dissonance

2017 • 18,931 citations

The Nature of Prejudice

1954 • 13,437 citations

The Handbook of Social Psychology

1969 • 12,920 citations

An Integrative Theory of Intergroup Conflict

2000 • 12,116 citations

The Social psychology of intergroup relations

1979 • 10,640 citations

The case for motivated reasoning.

1990 • 7,405 citations

The Authoritarian Personality

2001 • 6,655 citations

Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.

1989 • 5,169 citations

Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.

1983 • 4,358 citations

Frustration and aggression.

1939 • 3,616 citations

A Continuum of Impression Formation, from Category-Based to Individuating Processes: Influences of Information and Motivation on Attention and Interpretation

1990 • 3,192 citations

Social stigma and self-esteem: The self-protective properties of stigma.

1989 • 3,136 citations

Human Inference: Strategies and Shortcomings of Social Judgment.

1981 • 2,900 citations

Handbook of social psychology

1990 • 2,553 citations

Downward comparison principles in social psychology.

1981 • 2,456 citations

Experiments in Intergroup Discrimination

1970 • 2,289 citations

On perceptual readiness.

1957 • 2,004 citations

College sophomores in the laboratory: Influences of a narrow data base on social psychology's view of human nature.

1986 • 1,961 citations

Prejudice, Discrimination and Racism

2005 • 1,691 citations

Cognitive Processes in Stereotyping and Intergroup Behavior

2015 • 1,485 citations

A dual process model of impression formation.

1988 • 1,358 citations

The aversive form of racism.

1986 • 1,226 citations

A hypothesis-confirming bias in labeling effects.

1983 • 1,151 citations

The Authoritarian Personality

1952 • 1,102 citations

Postdecision changes in the desirability of alternatives.

1956 • 1,057 citations

Cognitive Aspects of Prejudice¹

1969 • 969 citations

Schematic Bases of Social Information Processing

2022 • 930 citations

Person memory and judgment.

1989 • 923 citations

Categorical and contextual bases of person memory and stereotyping.

1978 • 900 citations

The nonverbal mediation of self-fulfilling prophecies in interracial interaction

1974 • 899 citations

Social Cognition and Social Perception

1987 • 852 citations

Cognitive processes in the revision of stereotypic beliefs.

1983 • 771 citations

Recent Research on Selective Exposure to Information

1986 • 768 citations

CLASSIFICATION AND QUANTITATIVE JUDGEMENT

1963 • 735 citations

Lay Epistemics and Human Knowledge

1989 • 733 citations

Memory for expectancy-congruent and expectancy-incongruent information: A review of the social and social developmental literatures.

1992 • 733 citations

Accountability: A Social Check on the Fundamental Attribution Error

1985 • 729 citations

Person memory: Personality traits as organizing principles in memory for behaviors.

1979 • 728 citations

European review of social psychology

1991 • 683 citations

Stereotypes as Judgmental Heuristics: Evidence of Circadian Variations in Discrimination

1990 • 598 citations

Rediscovering the Social Group

1987 • 573 citations

The social psychology of prejudice

1993 • 563 citations

Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence: Testing the lower limits of stereotyping of Blacks.

1976 • 554 citations

Auto-motives: Preconscious determinants of social interaction.

1990 • 499 citations

Motivational influences on impression formation: Outcome dependency, accuracy-driven attention, and individuating processes.

1987 • 483 citations

Differential social perception and attribution of intergroup violence: Testing the lower limits of stereotyping of Blacks.

1976 • 451 citations

Social Identifications

2006 • 422 citations

Some Roots of Prejudice

1946 • 408 citations

Social stereotypes and information-processing strategies: The impact of task complexity.

1987 • 400 citations

Ethnic stereotypes.

1971 • 373 citations

Individual construct accessibility, person memory, and the recall-judgment link: The case of information overload.

1985 • 351 citations

Social stereotypes and information-processing strategies: The impact of task complexity.

1987 • 346 citations

Affective and Cognitive Determinants of Prejudice

1991 • 344 citations

The novice and the expert: Knowledge-based strategies in political cognition

1983 • 344 citations

Downward comparison, prejudice, and evaluations of others: Effects of self-esteem and threat.

1987 • 340 citations

Social categorization and memory for in-group and out-group behavior.

1980 • 334 citations

A Cognitive -Attributional Analysis of Stereotyping1

1979 • 320 citations

Associative storage and retrieval processes in person memory.

1985 • 313 citations

From individual to group impressions: Availability heuristics in stereotype formation

1978 • 287 citations

Confirmatory and diagnosing strategies in social information gathering.

1982 • 283 citations

Current stereotypes: A little fading, a little faking.

1971 • 260 citations

Rediscovering the social group

1988 • 252 citations

An individual and quantitative measure of stereotypes.

1978 • 243 citations

Intergroup discrimination and self-esteem in the minimal group paradigm.

1985 • 233 citations

A method for studying the development of impressions of real people.

1986 • 195 citations

Regional differences in anti-Negro prejudice.

1959 • 190 citations

Categorization and social judgement

1972 • 173 citations

Stereotype, Prejudice, and Discrimination: Changing Conceptions in Theory and Research

1989 • 162 citations

Effects of multiple task demands upon memory for information about social groups

1991 • 140 citations

On the self-perpetuating nature of social stereotypes

1981 • 135 citations

Attitude, voice, and behavior: A repressed affect model of interracial interaction.

1972 • 132 citations

Is Limited Information Processing Capacity the Cause of Social Stereotyping?

1990 • 130 citations

The Negro stereotype and perceptual accentuation.

1956 • 126 citations

Minor Studies of Aggression: II. the Influence of Frustrations Imposed by the In-Group on Attitudes Expressed Toward Out-Groups

1948 • 118 citations

The Social Psychology of Intergroup Conflict

1988 • 118 citations

Structure and development of social schemata: Evidence from positive and negative transfer effects.

1985 • 100 citations

Strength of expectancies and memory for social information: What we remember depends on how much we know

1989 • 90 citations

The Development of Attitude Toward the Negro

1936 • 74 citations

Cognitive organization of impressions: Effects of incongruency in complex representations.

1989 • 63 citations

The Social Psychology of Prejudice

1955 • 56 citations

A replication of "some roots of prejudice."

1949 • 52 citations

Familiarity May Breed Contempt: The Impact of Student Exchange on National Stereotypes and Attitudes

1988 • 51 citations

Cognitive organization of impressions: Effects of incongruency in complex representations.

1989 • 50 citations

Infiltration and the attitudes of white and Negro parents and children.

1952 • 41 citations

The Galvanic Skin Response as a Measure of Emotion in Prejudice

1956 • 30 citations

The Role of Emotion in Prejudice

1956 • 24 citations

Parental discipline, stimulus characteristics of outgroups, and social distance in children.

1965 • 13 citations