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References (128)

Parallel Distributed Processing: Explorations in the Microstructure of Cognition: Foundations

1986 • 15,232 citations

Computational analysis of present-day American English

1967 • 7,607 citations

An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: I. An account of basic findings.

1981 • 4,633 citations

From Neuropsychology to Mental Structure

1988 • 4,037 citations

A distributed, developmental model of word recognition and naming.

1989 • 3,618 citations

Categorizing sounds and learning to read—a causal connection

1983 • 2,913 citations

Understanding normal and impaired word reading: Computational principles in quasi-regular domains.

1996 • 2,552 citations

The Cascade-Correlation Learning Architecture

1989 • 2,441 citations

A spreading-activation theory of retrieval in sentence production.

1986 • 2,343 citations

Inhibitory Processes in Attention, Memory and Language

1994 • 2,268 citations

Rethinking Innateness: A Connectionist Perspective on Development

1996 • 2,081 citations

On the control of automatic processes: A parallel distributed processing account of the Stroop effect.

1990 • 2,010 citations

Reading Research Advances in Theory and Practice

1985 • 1,615 citations

A theory of visual attention.

1990 • 1,613 citations

Models of reading aloud: Dual-route and parallel-distributed-processing approaches.

1993 • 1,578 citations

Parallel networks that learn to pronounce English text

1987 • 1,546 citations

Phonological skills and learning to read

1991 • 1,494 citations

An interactive activation model of context effects in letter perception: II. The contextual enhancement effect and some tests and extensions of the model.

1982 • 1,482 citations

Attention and performance IV

1973 • 1,424 citations

Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: Expectation and prediction.

1981 • 1,416 citations

Access to the Internal Lexicon

2022 • 1,312 citations

Explicit syllable and phoneme segmentation in the young child

1974 • 1,287 citations

Attention and Performance XII: The Psychology of Reading

1987 • 1,197 citations

Does awareness of speech as a sequence of phones arise spontaneously?

1979 • 1,111 citations

Progress in the psychology of language

1985 • 1,076 citations

Lexical access in simple reading tasks

1978 • 1,014 citations

Basic Processes in Reading

2012 • 1,004 citations

Varieties of developmental dyslexia

1993 • 972 citations

Parallel distributed processing: explorations in the microstructure of cognition, vol. 2: psychological and biological models

1986 • 963 citations

Attention and Performance XI

2016 • 948 citations

The organization and activation of orthographic knowledge in reading aloud.

1979 • 885 citations

Orthographic processing in visual word recognition: A multiple read-out model.

1996 • 876 citations

Strategies of Information Processing

1980 • 873 citations

Deep dyslexia: A case study of connectionist neuropsychology

1993 • 856 citations

From conditioning to category learning: An adaptive network model.

1988 • 742 citations

When does irregular spelling or pronunciation influence word recognition?

1984 • 666 citations

Lesioning an attractor network: Investigations of acquired dyslexia.

1991 • 645 citations

The Structure of English Orthography

1971 • 615 citations

Orthography, Phonology, Morphology, and Meaning

1992 • 604 citations

Proceedings of the 1988 Connectionist Models Summer School

1989 • 603 citations

Strategies for visual word recognition and orthographical depth: A multilingual comparison.

1987 • 581 citations

Word identification in reading and the promise of subsymbolic psycholinguistics.

1990 • 553 citations

A model of inhibitory mechanisms in selective attention.

1984 • 544 citations

Literacy training and speech segmentation

1986 • 529 citations

Task Decomposition Through Competition in a Modular Connectionist Architecture: The What and Where Vision Tasks

1991 • 512 citations

The special role of rimes in the description, use, and acquisition of English orthography.

1995 • 487 citations

Surface Dyslexia

2017 • 447 citations

On the bases of two subtypes of development dyslexia

1996 • 443 citations

Use of orthographic and word-specific knowledge in reading words aloud.

1976 • 406 citations

Semantic effects in single-word naming.

1995 • 405 citations

Proceedings of the 15th Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society

1993 • 404 citations

Serial processing in reading aloud: Evidence for dual-route models of reading.

1994 • 371 citations

The basis of consistency effects in word naming

1990 • 357 citations

Deterioration of word meaning: Implications for reading

1992 • 344 citations

Dual-route models of print to sound: Still a good horse race

1991 • 343 citations

Children's use of analogy in learning to read: A developmental study

1986 • 335 citations

Structure and Function in the Lexical System: Insights from Distributed Models of Word Reading and Lexical Decision

1997 • 332 citations

Are there independent lexical and nonlexical routes in word processing? An evaluation of the dual-route theory of reading

1985 • 327 citations

The Processing of Single Words Studied with Positron Emission Tomography

1993 • 324 citations

Phonological processes in reading: New evidence from acquired dyslexia

1983 • 323 citations

Linguistic Structure in Language Processing

1989 • 309 citations

Conspiracy effects in word pronunciation

1987 • 299 citations

Interdependence of form and function in cognitive systems explains perception of printed words.

1994 • 294 citations

Phonological Dyslexia and Dysgraphia in a Highly Literate Subject: A Developmental Case with Associated Deficits of Phonemic Processing and Awareness

1985 • 292 citations

A rose is a REEZ: The two-cycles model of phonology assembly in reading English.

1995 • 291 citations

Reading without Semantics

1983 • 288 citations

THE ANALYSIS OF WORD SOUNDS BY YOUNG CHILDREN

1964 • 286 citations

Why are “What” and “Where” Processed by Separate Cortical Visual Systems? A Computational Investigation

1989 • 285 citations

Evaluating an adaptive network model of human learning

1988 • 266 citations

Mechanisms for accessing lexical representations for output: Evidence from a category-specific semantic deficit

1991 • 263 citations

A Parallel Distributed Processing Approach to Automaticity

1992 • 258 citations

Reading pseudohomophones: Implications for models of pronunciation assembly and the locus of word-frequency effects in naming.

1987 • 250 citations

Modular decomposition in visuomotor learning

1997 • 248 citations

Parallel Distributed Processing: Implications for Psychology and Neurobiology

1990 • 242 citations

Surface dyslexia and dysgraphia: dual routes, single lexicon

1992 • 234 citations

An Interactive Activation Model of Context Effects in Letter Perception: Part I. An Account of Basic Findings

1988 • 230 citations

The Nature and Locus of Word Frequency Effects in Reading

2012 • 228 citations

Orthographic Analogies and Reading Development

1988 • 227 citations

Dyslexia and brain morphology.

1989 • 224 citations

On the association between connectionism and data: Are a few words necessary?

1990 • 220 citations

Stimulus configuration, classical conditioning, and hippocampal function.

1992 • 220 citations

Cognitive neuropsychology and the study of reading

1985 • 209 citations

A Linguistically Constrained Model of Short-Term Memory for Nonwords

1996 • 209 citations

Visual word recognition: Evidence for strategic control of lexical and nonlexical routines in oral reading.

1991 • 209 citations

Lexical and sublexical translation of spelling to sound: Strategic anticipation of lexical status.

1992 • 200 citations

Language perception and production

1987 • 199 citations

Strategic control in a naming task: Changing routes or changing deadlines?

1997 • 195 citations

A computational model of the Simon effect

1995 • 187 citations

Networks and Theories: The Place of Connectionism in Cognitive Science

1991 • 183 citations

The division between onsets and rimes in English syllables

1986 • 179 citations

Phonological Reading: Phenomena and Paradoxes

1986 • 169 citations

Not all nonwords are alike: Implications for reading development and theory

1990 • 167 citations

Categorization by a connectionist network.

1991 • 164 citations

Semantic memory and reading abilities: A case report

1995 • 160 citations

Short-term memory errors for spoken syllables are affected by the linguistic structure of the syllables.

1988 • 148 citations

The widespread influence of the Rescorla-Wagner model

1996 • 141 citations

Phonologically mediated access to meaning for Kanji: Is a rows still a rose in Japanese Kanji?

1993 • 135 citations

The relationship between comprehension and oral reading in progressive fluent aphasia

1994 • 123 citations

Connections and disconnections: Acquired dyslexia in a computational model of reading processes.

1989 • 119 citations

Nonword pronunciation and models of word recognition.

1994 • 114 citations

A Dissociation of Frequency and Regularity Effects in Pronunciation Performance Across Young-Adults, Older Adults, and Individuals With Senile Dementia of the Alzheimer-Type

1993 • 106 citations

More words but still no lexicon: Reply to Besner et al. (1990).

1990 • 103 citations

Resclving inconsistency: A computational model of word naming

1987 • 99 citations

Generalization with Componential Attractors: Word and Nonword Reading in an Attractor Network

1993 • 98 citations

Chapter 5 Beyond Orthographic Depth in Reading: Equitable Division of Labor

1992 • 84 citations

Lexical Access and the Brain: Anatomical Constraints on Cognitive Models of Word Recognition

1992 • 83 citations

A quantitative multiple-levels model of reading aloud.

1994 • 82 citations

Response Biases in Oral Reading: An Account of the Co occurrence of Surface Dyslexia and Semantic Dementia

1996 • 74 citations

Learning about Spelling Sequences: The Role of Onsets and Rimes in Analogies in Reading

1991 • 74 citations

Semantic loss without surface dyslexia

1995 • 73 citations

Pronunciation of homographs

1992 • 65 citations

Machine learning : proceedings of the Eighth International Workshop (ML91)

1991 • 65 citations

The inconsistency of consistency effects in reading: The case of Japanese Kanji.

1995 • 64 citations

The Development of Spelling-Sound Relationships in a Model of Phonological Reading

1998 • 55 citations

Interacting sources of information in word naming: A study of individual differences.

1994 • 48 citations

Can neuropsychological evidence inform connectionist modelling? Analyses of spelling

1995 • 46 citations

Are children's representations of words distributed? effects of orthographic neighbourhood size, consistency and regularity of naming

1994 • 40 citations

The Assembly of Phonology in Oral Reading: A New Model

2016 • 37 citations

The process of lexical decision: More words about a parallel distributed processing model.

1992 • 27 citations

Dual-route theories of pronouncing printed words: What can be learned from concurrent task performance?

1996 • 24 citations

Word naming and memory load: Still searching for an individual differences explanation.

1998 • 24 citations

Code-specific processes in word naming: Evidence supporting a dual-route model of word recognition.

1996 • 20 citations

Neural Computation and Psychology

1995 • 18 citations

Simulating Stages of Human Cognitive Development with Connectionist Models

1991 • 16 citations

Effects of memory load in a word-naming task: Five failures to replicate

1995 • 16 citations

Interactions Between Knowledge Sources in a Dual-route Connectionist Model of Spelling

1995 • 11 citations

Concurrent task demands and individual differences in the architecture of reading: Discriminating artifacts from real McCoys.

1998 • 5 citations

Impaired Oral Reading in Surface Dyslexia: Detailed Comparison of a Patient and a Connectionist Model

1998 • 2 citations

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