Surface-bound optical probes monitor protein translocation and surface potential changes during the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle.

Model for the structure of bacteriorhodopsin based on high-resolution electron cryo-microscopy

1990 • 2,969 citations

Bacteriorhodopsin: a light-driven proton pump in Halobacterium Halobium

1975 • 994 citations

Aspartic acid-96 is the internal proton donor in the reprotonation of the Schiff base of bacteriorhodopsin.

1989 • 318 citations

Simultaneous monitoring of light-induced changes in protein side-group protonation, chromophore isomerization, and backbone motion of bacteriorhodopsin by time-resolved Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy.

1990 • 269 citations

Aspartic acids 96 and 85 play a central role in the function of bacteriorhodopsin as a proton pump.

1989 • 259 citations

Structural changes in bacteriorhodopsin during proton translocation revealed by neutron diffraction.

1989 • 258 citations

Time-resolved X-ray diffraction study of structural changes associated with the photocycle of bacteriorhodopsin.

1991 • 213 citations

Dual-wavelength ratiometric fluorescence measurements of membrane potential

1989 • 179 citations

Partial primary structure of bacteriorhodopsin: sequencing methods for membrane proteins.

1979 • 170 citations

Flash photometric experiments on the photochemical cycle of bacteriorhodopsin

1975 • 165 citations

Protein dynamics in the bacteriorhodopsin photocycle: submillisecond Fourier transform infrared spectra of the L, M, and N photointermediates.

1991 • 164 citations

Proton flux mechanisms in model and biological membranes

1989 • 156 citations

The role of back-reactions and proton uptake during the N .fwdarw. O transition in bacteriorhodopsin's photocycle: a kinetic resonance Raman study

1990 • 153 citations

The role of fixed and mobile buffers in the kinetics of proton movement

1987 • 148 citations

Photoelectric measurements of purple membranes.

1990 • 141 citations

On the protein (tyrosine)-chromophore (protonated Schiff base) coupling in bacteriorhodopsin.

1984 • 138 citations

Charge translocation by the Na,K-pump: I. Kinetics of local field changes studied by time-resolved fluorescence measurements

1991 • 121 citations

Specific labelling of the protein and lipid on the extracellular surface of purple membrane

1978 • 113 citations

Light-induced currents from oriented purple membrane

1990 • 89 citations

Dependency of delta pH-relaxation across vesicular membranes on the buffering power of bulk solutions and lipids

1986 • 76 citations

Bacteriorhodopsin in ice

1990 • 68 citations

Purification of bacteriorhodopsin and characterization of mature and partially processed forms

1989 • 51 citations

Transmembrane location of retinal in bacteriorhodopsin by neutron diffraction

1990 • 45 citations

Surface charge changes in purple membranes and the photoreaction cycle of bacteriorhodopsin.

1980 • 44 citations

Monomeric and aggregated bacteriorhodopsin: Single-turnover proton transport stoichiometry and photochemistry

1988 • 35 citations

Topography of surface-exposed amino acids in the membrane protein bacteriorhodopsin determined by proteolysis and micro-sequencing

1989 • 31 citations

Bacteriorhodopsin precursor is processed in two steps

1988 • 28 citations

NMR, calorimetric, spin-label, and optical studies on a trifluoromethyl-substituted styryl molecular probe in dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine vesicles and multilamellar suspensions: a model for location of optical probes

1990 • 21 citations