Rating Scales: Numeric Values May Change the Meaning of Scale Labels

Logic and Conversation

1975 • 19,834 citations

Review of personality and social psychology

1980 • 3,589 citations

The nature and measurement of meaning.

1952 • 1,276 citations

Human cognition : learning, understanding, and remembering

1979 • 618 citations

The Optimal Number of Response Alternatives for a Scale: A Review

1980 • 606 citations

Comprehension and semantic flexibility

1974 • 267 citations

Context Effects in Attitude Surveys: Applying Cognitive Theory to Social Research

1991 • 140 citations

Assessing frequency reports of mundane behaviors: Contributions of cognitive psychology to questionnaire construction.

1990 • 82 citations

What Response Scales may Tell your Respondents: Informative Functions of Response Alternatives

1987 • 74 citations

Salience of comparison standards and the activation of social norms: Consequences for judgements of happiness and their communication

1990 • 68 citations

Ordinary Questions, Survey Questions, and Policy Questions

1986 • 34 citations

Role of sentence context in the encoding of trait descriptors.

1980 • 11 citations