Patterns of epistasis in RNA viruses: a review of the evidence from vaccine design

The Evolution of Sex

1978 • 3,074 citations

Deleterious mutations and the evolution of sexual reproduction

1988 • 1,130 citations

RNA virus error catastrophe: Direct molecular test by using ribavirin

2001 • 819 citations

Why Sex and Recombination?

1998 • 794 citations

Optimally, mutation and the evolution of ageing

1993 • 652 citations

Classification of Hypotheses on the Advantage of Amphimixis

1993 • 591 citations

A pluralist approach to sex and recombination

1999 • 568 citations

Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process

2000 • 563 citations

MUTATION LOAD AND THE SURVIVAL OF SMALL POPULATIONS

1990 • 459 citations

The evolutionary biology of viruses

1994 • 440 citations

Epistasis and the Evolutionary Process

2000 • 434 citations

Test of synergistic interactions among deleterious mutations in bacteria

1997 • 432 citations

Mutation-selection balance and the evolutionary advantage of sex and recombination

1990 • 411 citations

The evolutionary biology of viruses

1994 • 348 citations

Sexual selection and the maintenance of sexual reproduction

2001 • 327 citations

Dengue type 4 virus mutants containing deletions in the 3' noncoding region of the RNA genome: analysis of growth restriction in cell culture and altered viremia pattern and immunogenicity in rhesus monkeys

1996 • 322 citations

Mutation Load and the Survival of Small Populations

1990 • 236 citations

Sexual selection and the maintenance of sex

2001 • 236 citations

Haploidy or diploidy: which is better?

1991 • 210 citations

Attenuation of Venezuelan equine encephalitis virus strain TC-83 is encoded by the 5'-noncoding region and the E2 envelope glycoprotein

1993 • 196 citations

Genetic analysis of the attenuation phenotype of poliovirus type 1

1986 • 191 citations

Nature of Deleterious Mutation Load in Drosophila

1996 • 167 citations

Epistasis and its consequences for the evolution of natural populations

1997 • 167 citations

Muller's ratchet under epistatic selection.

1994 • 167 citations

Attenuation Markers of a Candidate Dengue Type 2 Vaccine Virus, Strain 16681 (PDK-53), Are Defined by Mutations in the 5′ Noncoding Region and Nonstructural Proteins 1 and 3

2000 • 162 citations

THE GENETIC STRUCTURE OF NATURAL POPULATIONS OF DROSOPHILA MELANOGASTER. VII SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION OF SPONTANEOUS MUTANT POLYGENES CONTROLLING VIABILITY

1969 • 159 citations

MUTATION AND EXTINCTION: THE ROLE OF VARIABLE MUTATIONAL EFFECTS, SYNERGISTIC EPISTASIS, BENEFICIAL MUTATIONS, AND DEGREE OF OUTCROSSING

1997 • 153 citations

FACTORS AFFECTING THE GENETIC LOAD IN DROSOPHILA: SYNERGISTIC EPISTASIS AND CORRELATIONS AMONG FITNESS COMPONENTS

2000 • 145 citations

Pervasive compensatory adaptation inEscherichia coli

2000 • 138 citations

Multidimensional epistasis and the disadvantage of sex

2001 • 134 citations

Attenuation of Tick-Borne Encephalitis Virus by Structure-Based Site-Specific Mutagenesis of a Putative Flavivirus Receptor Binding Site

2000 • 129 citations

Test of Interaction Between Genetic Markers That Affect Fitness in Aspergillus niger

1997 • 124 citations

Sex and Adaptation in a Changing Environment

1999 • 122 citations

Do deleterious mutations act synergistically? Metabolic control theory provides a partial answer.

1993 • 112 citations

Imperfect Genes, Fisherian Mutation and the Evolution of Sex

1997 • 104 citations

Paired Charge-to-Alanine Mutagenesis of Dengue Virus Type 4 NS5 Generates Mutants with Temperature-Sensitive, Host Range, and Mouse Attenuation Phenotypes

2002 • 91 citations

Addition of a Missense Mutation Present in the L Gene of Respiratory Syncytial Virus (RSV)cpts530/1030 to RSV Vaccine Candidatecpts248/404 Increases Its Attenuation and Temperature Sensitivity

1999 • 86 citations

Mucosal Immunization of Rhesus Monkeys against Respiratory Syncytial Virus Subgroups A and B and Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 by Using a Live cDNA-Derived Vaccine Based on a Host Range-Attenuated Bovine Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 Vector Backbone

2002 • 83 citations

Structure-Based Mutagenesis of the Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 DNA Attachment Site: Effects on Integration and cDNA Synthesis

1999 • 81 citations

Alternative definitions of epistasis: dependence and interaction

2001 • 78 citations

Identification of Mutations Contributing to the Temperature-Sensitive, Cold-Adapted, and Attenuation Phenotypes of the Live-Attenuated Cold-Passage 45 ( cp 45) Human Parainfluenza Virus 3 Candidate Vaccine

1999 • 76 citations

Three Amino Acid Substitutions in the L Protein of the Human Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 cp 45 Live Attenuated Vaccine Candidate Contribute to Its Temperature-Sensitive and Attenuation Phenotypes

1998 • 73 citations

Role of mutations G-480 and C-6203 in the attenuation phenotype of Sabin type 1 poliovirus

1995 • 69 citations

Chemical Mutagenesis of Dengue Virus Type 4 Yields Mutant Viruses Which Are Temperature Sensitive in Vero Cells or Human Liver Cells and Attenuated in Mice

2001 • 69 citations

A Single Nucleotide Substitution in the Transcription Start Signal of the M2 Gene of Respiratory Syncytial Virus Vaccine Candidatecpts248/404 Is the Major Determinant of the Temperature-Sensitive and Attenuation Phenotypes

1998 • 67 citations

Mutation and Extinction: The Role of Variable Mutational Effects, Synergistic Epistasis, Beneficial Mutations, and Degree of Outcrossing

1997 • 65 citations

Pathogenicity of Hantaan Virus in Newborn Mice: Genetic Reassortant Study Demonstrating that a Single Amino Acid Change in Glycoprotein G1 Is Related to Virulence

2000 • 64 citations

A Test for Epistasis Among Induced Mutations in Caenorhabditis elegans

2000 • 58 citations

The Various Sendai Virus C Proteins Are Not Functionally Equivalent and Exert both Positive and Negative Effects on Viral RNA Accumulation during the Course of Infection

1998 • 55 citations

Mutation and sex in a competitive world

2000 • 54 citations

Immunization against Viral Diseases

1987 • 54 citations

Attenuation of Influenza A Virus mRNA Levels by Promoter Mutations

1998 • 53 citations

Sequential addition of temperature-sensitive missense mutations into the PB2 gene of influenza A transfectant viruses can effect an increase in temperature sensitivity and attenuation and permits the rational design of a genetically engineered live influenza A virus vaccine

1995 • 51 citations

Positive association betweencopiatransposition rate and copy number inDrosophila melanogaster

1996 • 50 citations

Genetically engineered live attenuated influenza A virus vaccine candidates

1997 • 44 citations

The Reovirus Mutant tsA279 Has Temperature-Sensitive Lesions in the M2 and L2 Genes: The M2 Gene Is Associated with Decreased Viral Protein Production and Blockade in Transmembrane Transport

1995 • 42 citations

Mucosal Immunization with Live Recombinant Bovine Respiratory Syncytial Virus (BRSV) and Recombinant BRSV Lacking the Envelope Glycoprotein G Protects against Challenge with Wild-Type BRSV

2002 • 41 citations

Replacement of the Ectodomains of the Hemagglutinin-Neuraminidase and Fusion Glycoproteins of Recombinant Parainfluenza Virus Type 3 (PIV3) with Their Counterparts from PIV2 Yields Attenuated PIV2 Vaccine Candidates

2000 • 36 citations

Reassortant Analysis of Guinea Pig Virulence of Pichinde Virus Variants

2001 • 36 citations

The degree of attenuation of tick-borne encephalitis virus depends on the cumulative effects of point mutations

2001 • 32 citations

Chimeric Subgroup A Respiratory Syncytial Virus with the Glycoproteins Substituted by Those of Subgroup B and RSV without the M2-2 Gene Are Attenuated in African Green Monkeys

2001 • 26 citations

Searching for the advantages of virus sex.

2003 • 25 citations

Construction and characterization of a reovirus double temperature-sensitive mutant

1997 • 24 citations

Rescue of infectious bursal disease virus from mosaic full-length clones composed of serotype I and II cDNA

2001 • 20 citations

Clustered Charge-to-Alanine Mutagenesis of Human Respiratory Syncytial Virus L Polymerase Generates Temperature-Sensitive Viruses

2002 • 19 citations

Mutation of Neuraminidase Cysteine Residues Yields Temperature-Sensitive Influenza Viruses

1999 • 19 citations

Virulence of swine vesicular disease virus is determined at two amino acids in capsid protein VP1 and 2A protease

2001 • 12 citations

Outbreak of Poliomyelitis--Dominican Republic and Haiti, 2000-2001

2001 • 12 citations