Discography as A Diagnostic Test For Spinal Pain: A Systematic and Narrative Review

The development of QUADAS: a tool for the quality assessment of studies of diagnostic accuracy included in systematic reviews

2003 • 3,559 citations

Magnetic Resonance Classification of Lumbar Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

2001 • 3,446 citations

Rupture of the Intervertebral Disc with Involvement of the Spinal Canal

1934 • 1,883 citations

Degenerative disk disease: assessment of changes in vertebral body marrow with MR imaging.

1988 • 1,862 citations

New In Vivo Measurements of Pressures in the Intervertebral Disc in Daily Life

1999 • 1,403 citations

Systematic reviews in health care: Systematic reviews of evaluations of diagnostic and screening tests

2001 • 1,250 citations

Pain: Moving from Symptom Control toward Mechanism-Specific Pharmacologic Management

2004 • 1,046 citations

From the gate to the neuromatrix

1999 • 1,044 citations

Nerve ingrowth into diseased intervertebral disc in chronic back pain

1997 • 943 citations

2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Lumbar Fusion Versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain

2001 • 914 citations

The Importance of Placebo Effects in Pain Treatment and Research

1994 • 851 citations

Evidence of augmented central pain processing in idiopathic chronic low back pain

2004 • 798 citations

Systems to rate the strength of scientific evidence.

2002 • 798 citations

The Prevalence and Clinical Features of Internal Disc Disruption in Patients With Chronic Low Back Pain

1995 • 761 citations

Mechanical Initiation of Intervertebral Disc Degeneration

2000 • 756 citations

Instability of the Lumbar Spine

1982 • 712 citations

High-intensity zone: a diagnostic sign of painful lumbar disc on magnetic resonance imaging

1992 • 645 citations

'Stress' distributions inside intervertebral discs

1996 • 619 citations

The Effect of Disc Degeneration and Facet Joint Osteoarthritis on the Segmental Flexibility of the Lumbar Spine

2000 • 578 citations

Determinants of Lumbar Disc Degeneration

1995 • 547 citations

Chronic Low Back Pain and Fusion: A Comparison of Three Surgical Techniques

2002 • 512 citations

Innervation of "Painful" Lumbar Discs

1997 • 502 citations

Patient Outcomes After Lumbar Spinal Fusions

1992 • 494 citations

Nerve growth factor expression and innervation of the painful intervertebral disc

2002 • 443 citations

Intradiscal pressure together with anthropometric data – a data set for the validation of models

2001 • 425 citations

The Relative Contributions of the Disc and Zygapophyseal Joint in Chronic Low Back Pain

1994 • 425 citations

Evaluation of the Relative Contributions of Various Structures in Chronic Low Back Pain

2001 • 405 citations

The dynamic neutralization system for the spine: a multi-center study of a novel non-fusion system

2002 • 397 citations

The pathogenesis of discogenic low back pain

2005 • 351 citations

A randomized, placebo-controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal therapy for the treatment of discogenic low back pain

2004 • 350 citations

Evidence base of clinical diagnosis: Evaluation of diagnostic procedures

2002 • 346 citations

The Rates of False-Positive Lumbar Discography in Select Patients Without Low Back Symptoms

2000 • 339 citations

ISSLS Prize Winner: A Study of Diffusion in Human Lumbar Discs: A Serial Magnetic Resonance Imaging Study Documenting the Influence of the Endplate on Diffusion in Normal and Degenerate Discs

2004 • 335 citations

Dallas Discogram Description A New Classification of CT/Discography in Low-back Disorders

1987 • 334 citations

Lumbar High-Intensity Zone and Discography in Subjects Without Low Back Problems

2000 • 329 citations

Expression and Distribution of Tumor Necrosis Factor Alpha in Human Lumbar Intervertebral Discs: A Study in Surgical Specimen and Autopsy Controls

2005 • 329 citations

Painful Lumbar Disk Derangement: Relevance of Endplate Abnormalities at MR Imaging

2001 • 328 citations

Nerves and nerve plexuses of the human vertebral column

1990 • 327 citations

Vertebral end-plate (Modic) changes on lumbar spine MRI: correlation with pain reproduction at lumbar discography

1998 • 321 citations

The Pain Drawing as an Aid to the Psychologic Evaluation of Patients With Low-Back Pain

1976 • 312 citations

The Question of Lumbar Discography

1968 • 311 citations

Lumbar Disc High-intensity Zone

1996 • 305 citations

Intradiscal Electrothermal Treatment for Chronic Discogenic Low Back Pain

2000 • 303 citations

The Ability of Pressure-Controlled Discography to Predict Surgical and Nonsurgical Outcomes

1999 • 269 citations

A Prospective Study of Centralization of Lumbar and Referred Pain

1997 • 269 citations

Reported Pain During Lumbar Discography As a Function of Anular Ruptures and Disc Degeneration

1994 • 266 citations

Unexplained peculiarities of the dorsal root ganglion

1999 • 257 citations

The stages of disc degeneration as revealed by discograms

1986 • 248 citations

Interventional Techniques in The Management of Chronic Spinal Pain: Evidence-Based Practice Guidelines

2005 • 247 citations

Cervical Discogenic Pain

1996 • 246 citations

Internal disc disruption. A challenge to disc prolapse fifty years on.

1986 • 245 citations

Provocation discography as a guide to planning operations on the spine

1988 • 237 citations

False-Positive Findings on Lumbar Discography

1999 • 234 citations

Genetic risk factors for lumbar disc disease

2002 • 232 citations

Mechanoreceptors in Intervertebral Discs

1995 • 216 citations

On the nature of neck pain, discography and cervical zygapophysial joint blocks

1993 • 212 citations

The Role of Anterior Lumbar Fusion for Internal Disc Disruption

1988 • 211 citations

Predictive Signs of Discogenic Lumbar Pain on Magnetic Resonance Imaging With Discography Correlation

1998 • 210 citations

Clinical Evaluation of Diagnostic Tests

2005 • 202 citations

Rationale, principles and experimental evaluation of the concept of soft stabilization

2002 • 192 citations

The Relationship of Pain Provocation to Lumbar Disc Deterioration as Seen by CT/Discography

1987 • 189 citations

Pain Sensitivity as a Correlate of Clinical Status in Individuals With Chronic Low Back Pain

1999 • 187 citations

In Vivo Stress Measurement Can Predict Pain on Discography

1996 • 183 citations

Cervical Discography:

2000 • 177 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging and discography in the diagnosis of disc degeneration. A comparative study of 50 discs

1986 • 175 citations

Pain elicited by blunt pressure: neurobiological basis and clinical relevance

2002 • 173 citations

A REAPPRAISAL OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC LESIONS

1970 • 169 citations

Lumbar disc high-intensity zone: the value and significance of provocative discography in the determination of the discogenic pain source

2000 • 169 citations

Provocative Discography in Patients After Limited Lumbar Discectomy

2000 • 169 citations

Sensory Innervation of the Dorsal Portion of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc in Rats

1999 • 168 citations

Interbody, Posterior, and Combined Lumbar Fusions

1995 • 168 citations

The Occurrence of Anular Tears and Their Relation to Lifetime Back Pain History: A Cadaveric Study Using Barium Sulfate Discography

2004 • 164 citations

ISSLS Prize Winner: The Innervation of the Intervertebral Disc: A Quantitative Analysis

2003 • 156 citations

Nonsurgically managed patients with degenerative spondylolisthesis: a 10- to 18-year follow-up study

2000 • 154 citations

The afferent pathways of discogenic low-back pain. Evaluation of L2 spinal nerve infiltration.

1996 • 151 citations

Origin of Nerves Supplying the Posterior Portion of Lumbar Intervertebral Discs in Rats

1996 • 151 citations

The Value of Lumbar Spine Magnetic Resonance Imaging in the Demonstration of Anular Tears

1998 • 150 citations

A More Precise Diagnosis for Low-Back Pain

1979 • 149 citations

Differentiating Lumbar Disc Protrusions, Disc Bulges, and Discs With Normal Contour but Abnormal Signal Intensity

1999 • 148 citations

Possible association of interleukin 1 gene locus polymorphisms with low back pain

2004 • 146 citations

Lumbar Spine Arthroplasty

2003 • 146 citations

Which Disc as Visualized by Magnetic Resonance Imaging Is Actually a Source of Pain?

1992 • 143 citations

Outcome of Unoperated Discogram-Positive Low Back Pain

1995 • 141 citations

The Symptomatic Lumbar Disc in Patients with Low-Back Pain

1993 • 136 citations

Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging with Abnormal Discography

1988 • 135 citations

The Role of External Spinal Skeletal Fixation in the Assessment of Low-Back Disorders

1989 • 131 citations

The Use of Intradiscal Steroid Therapy for Lumbar Spinal Discogenic Pain

2004 • 131 citations

Deep pain thresholds in the distal limbs of healthy human subjects

2004 • 128 citations

Can Discography Cause Long-term Back Symptoms in Previously Asymptomatic Subjects?

2000 • 128 citations

Difficulties in stratifying neuropathic pain by mechanisms

2003 • 126 citations

Spinal Injection Procedures: Volume, Provider Distribution, and Reimbursement in the U.S. Medicare Population from 1993 to 1999

2002 • 126 citations

Disc Stimulation and Patterns of Referred Pain

2002 • 126 citations

Pharmacological treatment of peripheral neuropathic pain conditions based on shared commonalities despite multiple etiologies

2004 • 125 citations

MRI and discography of annular tears and intervertebral disc degeneration. A prospective clinical comparison

1992 • 122 citations

The innervation of the spinal dura mater: Anatomy and clinical implications

1988 • 122 citations

Prospective randomized study of the Charité artificial disc: data from two investigational centers

2004 • 121 citations

Lumbar Discography Followed by Computed Tomography

1990 • 117 citations

The Treatment of Lumbar Spinal Pain Syndromes Diagnosed by Discography

1994 • 117 citations

A Cross-Sectional Study Correlating Lumbar Spine Degeneration With Disability and Pain

2000 • 115 citations

The Outcome of Posterolateral Fusion in Highly Selected Patients With Discogenic Low Back Pain

1996 • 114 citations

Degree of Disc Disruption and Lower Extremity Pain

1997 • 113 citations

Interobserver Reliability of Detecting Lumbar Intervertebral Disc High-Intensity Zone on Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Association of High-Intensity Zone With Pain and Anular Disruption

1998 • 112 citations

Association Between Findings of Provocative Discography and Vertebral Endplate Signal Changes As Seen on MRI

2000 • 109 citations

Innervation of the Lumbar Intervertebral Disc by Nerve Growth Factor-Dependent Neurons Related to Inflammatory Pain

2004 • 109 citations

Provocative discography in volunteer subjects with mild persistent low back pain

2002 • 108 citations

Entrapment Neuropathy of the Medial Superior Cluneal Nerve

1997 • 108 citations

Reproducibility Indices Applied to Cervical Pressure Pain Threshold Measurements in Healthy Subjects

2004 • 107 citations

Discographic Pain Report

1996 • 104 citations

Treatment of cervical disc disease using Cloward's technique

1984 • 102 citations

Surgical Treatment of Internal Disc Disruption

1998 • 102 citations

Patient outcomes after lumbar spinal fusions

1992 • 100 citations

Relation between Pain Location and Disc Pathology: A Study of Pain Drawings and CT/Discography

1999 • 100 citations

Endplate Degeneration Observed on Magnetic Resonance Imaging of the Lumbar Spine

2002 • 99 citations

Prolapsed intervertebral disc.

1974 • 97 citations

Functional imaging of the human trigeminal system: Opportunities for new insights into pain processing in health and disease

2004 • 96 citations

Intervertebral cages for degenerative spinal diseases

2003 • 96 citations

Prospective Controlled Study of the Development of Lower Back Pain in Previously Asymptomatic Subjects Undergoing Experimental Discography

2004 • 95 citations

Cervical discogenic syndrome. Results of operative intervention in patients with positive discography.

1987 • 94 citations

Cervical Discography Complications and Clinical Efficacy

1993 • 94 citations

Relationship of Schmorl's nodes to vertebral body endplate fractures and acute endplate disk extrusions.

2000 • 93 citations

Functional Results After Anterior Lumbar Fusion at L5–S1 in Patients with Normal and Abnormal MRI Scans

1992 • 91 citations

Distribution and immunocytochemical characterization of dorsal root ganglion neurons innervating the lumbar intervertebral disc in rats: A review

2004 • 89 citations

Two-year follow-up of a controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal anuloplasty for chronic low back pain resulting from internal disc disruption

2002 • 88 citations

Intervertebral Disc Prostheses

2003 • 88 citations

Awake Discography

1991 • 88 citations

Pain Provocation at Lumbar Discography as Analyzed by Computed Tomography/Discography

1992 • 86 citations

Intradiskal electrothermal therapy: A preliminary histologic study

2001 • 85 citations

Does Provocative Discography Screening of Discogenic Back Pain Improve Surgical Outcome?

2002 • 84 citations

Percutaneous plasma decompression alters cytokine expression in injured porcine intervertebral discs

2004 • 82 citations

Does Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy Denervate and Repair Experimentally Induced Posterolateral Annular Tears in an Animal Model?

2003 • 81 citations

Comparison of MR and diskography in detecting radial tears of the anulus: a postmortem study.

1989 • 79 citations

Disc Deterioration in Low-Back Syndromes

1988 • 79 citations

Pain Provocation and Disc Deterioration by Age

1989 • 78 citations

Degenerative Displacement of Lumbar Vertebrae

1998 • 78 citations

The Association Between Pain Drawings and Computed Tomographic/Discographic Pain Responses

1995 • 78 citations

Technique and Results of Diagnostic Disc Puncture and Injection (Discography) in the Lumbar Region

1951 • 75 citations

The role of discography in lumbar disc disease: A comparative study of magnetic resonance imaging and discography

1990 • 73 citations

Localisation of the level of symptomatic cervical disc degeneration

1981 • 73 citations

Technique and Results in Myelography and Disc Puncture

1950 • 72 citations

Thoracic Discography in Healthy Individuals

1999 • 71 citations

The Results of 150 Anterior Lumbar Interbody Fusion Operations Performed by Two Surgeons in Australia

1982 • 71 citations

A reassessment of Holt's data on: "The question of lumbar discography".

1988 • 70 citations

Discography Causes End Plate Deflection

1993 • 70 citations

Pain and function after intradiscal electrothermal treatment (IDET) for symptomatic lumbar disc degeneration

2002 • 68 citations

A Correlation of Cervical Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Discography/Computed Tomographic Discograms

1994 • 68 citations

Fallacy of Cervical Discography

1964 • 68 citations

Radiofrequency Lesioning Using Two Different Time Modalities for the Treatment of Lumbar Discogenic Pain: A Randomized Trial

2003 • 65 citations

Provocative Discography in Low Back Pain Patients With or Without Somatization Disorder: A Randomized Prospective Evaluation

2001 • 65 citations

Age Distribution of Three Radiologic Factors for Lumbar Instability: Probable Aging Process of the Instability With Disc Degeneration

2003 • 63 citations

Effects of Neutralizing Antibodies to Tumor Necrosis Factor-Alpha on Nucleus Pulposus–Induced Abnormal Nociresponses in Rat Dorsal Horn Neurons

2003 • 63 citations

Subgroups of Positive Discs on Discography

2004 • 62 citations

Radiofrequency Heating of Painful Annular Disruptions

2005 • 62 citations

A new classification system for degenerative disc disease of the lumbar spine based on magnetic resonance imaging, provocative discography, plain radiographs and anatomic considerations

2004 • 61 citations

New Down syndrome screening algorithm: Ultrasonographic biometry and multiple serum markers combined with maternal age

1998 • 59 citations

Lumbar discography. Its value in diagnosis and treatment of lumbar disc lesions.

1979 • 58 citations

The Anterior Surgical Approach to the Cervical Spine: The Cloward Procedure: Past, Present, and Future

1988 • 57 citations

Clinical relevance of discography combined with CT scanning. A study of 100 patients

1990 • 54 citations

The Technic of Cervical Discography

1957 • 54 citations

Temperature and Thermal Dose Distributions During Intradiscal Electrothermal Therapy in the Cadaveric Lumbar Spine

2003 • 53 citations

A Comparison of CT/Discography, Pain Response and Radiographic Disc Height

1988 • 53 citations

Pain Immediately Upon Sitting Down and Relieved by Standing Up Is Often Associated With Radiologic Lumbar Instability or Marked Anterior Loss of Disc Space

2003 • 53 citations

Isolated Intervertebral Disc Resorption

1986 • 51 citations

Thoracic discography. A safe and reliable technique.

1994 • 49 citations

Internal Disc Disruption and Axial Back Pain in the Athlete

2000 • 49 citations

Comparison of MRI and Discography in the Diagnosis of Lumbar Degenerative Disc Disease

1992 • 49 citations

Value of Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Discography in Determining the Level of Cervical Discectomy and Fusion

2004 • 49 citations

Radiating pain to the lower extremities caused by lumbar disk rupture without spinal nerve root involvement

1995 • 48 citations

In vitro measurement of pressure in intervertebral discs and annulus fibrosus with and without annular tears during discography

2004 • 48 citations

Normal Magnetic Resonance Imaging and Abnormal Discography in Lumbar Disc Disruption

1994 • 47 citations

Does osteoarthritis of the lumbar spine cause chronic low back pain?

2004 • 45 citations

Mechanisms for pain caused by incisions

2002 • 44 citations

Discography of Lumbar Discs After Surgical Treatment for Disc Herniation

1997 • 43 citations

CT Scanning of Lumbar Discography

1986 • 43 citations

False-negative lumbar discograms. Correlation of discographic and histological findings in postmortem and surgical specimens.

1988 • 42 citations

Side of Symptomatic Annular Tear and Site of Low Back Pain

2001 • 42 citations

Functional imaging and the neural systems of chronic pain

2004 • 41 citations

An analysis of radiating pain at lumbar discography

1998 • 41 citations

The Value of the Axial View in Assessing Discograms An Experimental Study with Cadavers

1987 • 40 citations

Cervical discography in discogenic pain syndrome and its predictive value for cervical fusion

1994 • 39 citations

Evidence Synthesis and Development of Guidelines in Interventional Pain Management

2006 • 38 citations

2001 Volvo Award Winner in Clinical Studies: Lumbar Fusion versus Nonsurgical Treatment for Chronic Low Back Pain: A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial from the Swedish Lumbar Spine Study Group *

2018 • 37 citations

Stereoscopic Structure of Sensory Nerve Fibers in the Lumbar Spine and Related Tissues

2003 • 37 citations

Ultrasonic Imaging of Lumbar Discs Combined With Vibration Pain Provocation Compared With Discography in the Diagnosis of Internal Anular Fissures of the Lumbar Spine

1996 • 36 citations

Sophistry in medicine: Lessons from the epidural space

2005 • 35 citations

Is There a Role for Diskography in the Era of Magnetic Resonance Imaging? Prospective Correlation and Quantitative Analysis of Computed Tomography-Diskography, Magnetic Resonance Imaging, and Surgical Findings

1992 • 34 citations

PAINFUL INTERNAL DISC DERANGEMENTS OF THE LUMBOSACRAL SPINE: DISCOGRAPHIC DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT BY POSTERIOR LUMBAR INTERBODY FUSION

1991 • 33 citations

Effectiveness of intradiscal electrothermal therapy in increasing function and reducing chronic low back pain in selected patients.

2002 • 33 citations

Diagnostic value of cervical discography in the management of cervical discogenic pain.

2000 • 32 citations

2. New frontiers: Invasive nonsurgical interventions

2003 • 31 citations

The Relation Between Cervical Discographic Pain Responses and Radiographic Images

2000 • 31 citations

A REAPPRAISAL OF INTERVERTEBRAL DISC LESIONS

1970 • 31 citations

Cervical diskography: analysis of provoked responses at C2-C3, C3-C4, and C4-C5.

2000 • 30 citations

Mechanisms for Pain Caused by Incisions

2002 • 29 citations

Gadopentetate Dimeglumine as an Intradiscal Contrast Agent

2002 • 28 citations

The dynamic neutralization system for the spine: a multi-center study of a novel non-fusion system

2004 • 26 citations

The Stress Lumbar Discogram

1988 • 24 citations

Evaluation of Cervical Diskography in Pain Origin and Provocation

1993 • 24 citations

The Hazards of Myelography

1975 • 23 citations

Does Needle Insertion Site Affect Diskography Results?

2002 • 23 citations

Artificial intervertebral discs and beyond

2002 • 21 citations

Artificial disc replacement: the new solution for discogenic low back pain?

2005 • 18 citations

An investigation of artefacts in lumbar discography

1980 • 15 citations

Comparative retrospective study of patients operated for cervical disc herniation and spondylosis.

1986 • 15 citations

The role of diskography after negative postmyelography CT scans: retrospective review.

1988 • 11 citations

Two year follow-up of a controlled trial of intradiscal electrothermal anuloplasty for chronic low back pain resulting from internal disc disruption

2002 • 9 citations

New triple screen test for Down syndrome: Combined urine analytes and serum AFP

1998 • 7 citations

Consistency of lumbar discograms of the same disc obtained twice at a 2-week interval: Influence of needle tip position

1998 • 6 citations

Mostly About Screening

2014 • 5 citations

Technique and Results in Myelography and Disc Puncture

1950 • 4 citations

Mostly about Screening

1995 • 4 citations

Sensory innervation of the lateral portion of the lumbar intervertebral disc in rats*1

2004 • 3 citations

New triple screen test for down syndrome: Combined urine analytes and serum AFP

1998 • 2 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations