Bottom-Up versus Top-Down Regulation of Vertebrate Populations: Lessons from Birds and Fish

Behavioral decisions made under the risk of predation: a review and prospectus

1990 • 7,762 citations

The flood pulse concept in river-floodplain systems

1989 • 4,229 citations

On Bird Species Diversity

1961 • 3,466 citations

Community Structure, Population Control, and Competition

1960 • 3,384 citations

Freshwater fishes of Canada

1973 • 2,833 citations

The Ontogenetic Niche and Species Interactions in Size-Structured Populations

1984 • 2,559 citations

Freshwater Fishes of Canada

1974 • 2,343 citations

The Natural Regulation of Animal Numbers

1955 • 1,990 citations

Predation: Direct and Indirect Impacts on Aquatic Communities

1988 • 1,899 citations

Exploitation Ecosystems in Gradients of Primary Productivity

1981 • 1,725 citations

Geographical Ecology: Patterns in the Distribution of Species.

1973 • 1,723 citations

An Experimental Test of the Effects of Predation Risk on Habitat Use in Fish

1983 • 1,644 citations

The Ecology of Running Waters.

1971 • 1,529 citations

Biological Integrity: A Long‐Neglected Aspect of Water Resource Management

1991 • 1,520 citations

Habitat Structural Complexity and the Interaction Between Bluegills and Their Prey

1982 • 1,371 citations

Nest Predation in Forest Tracts and the Decline of Migratory Songbirds

1985 • 1,073 citations

Regulation of Lake Primary Productivity by Food Web Structure

1987 • 904 citations

Foraging Efficiency and Body Size: A Study of Optimal Diet and Habitat Use by Bluegills

1981 • 902 citations

Ontogenetic Habitat Shifts in Bluegill: The Foraging Rate‐Predation Risk Trade‐off

1988 • 880 citations

Habitat Selection Under Predation Hazard: Test of a Model with Foraging Minnows

1987 • 874 citations

Applications of a Bioenergetics Model to Yellow Perch (Perca flavescens) and Walleye (Stizostedion vitreum vitreum)

1977 • 841 citations

Effects of large organic material on channel form and fluvial processes

1979 • 819 citations

Fisheries ecology of floodplain rivers

1981 • 801 citations

Competition in Tropical Stream Fishes: Support for the Competitive Exclusion Principle

1971 • 771 citations

Fish Community Structure and Function along Two Habitat Gradients in a Headwater Stream

1982 • 718 citations

Nest Predation and Nest-Site Selection of a Western Population of the Hermit Thrush

1988 • 703 citations

Grazing Minnows, Piscivorous Bass, and Stream Algae: Dynamics of a Strong Interaction

1985 • 673 citations

AN EXPERIMENTAL APPROACH TO THE PRODUCTION DYNAMICS AND STRUCTURE OF FRESHWATER ANIMAL COMMUNITIES1

1970 • 638 citations

Four neotropical rainforests

1991 • 622 citations

Ecology of freshwater fish production

1979 • 619 citations

Lake restoration by biomanipulation: Round Lake, Minnesota, the first two years

1984 • 612 citations

Patterns in the Species Composition and Richness of Fish Assemblages in Northern Wisconsin Lakes

1982 • 572 citations

A review of planktivorous fishes: Their evolution, feeding behaviours, selectivities, and impacts

1987 • 569 citations

Bottom‐Up and Top‐Down Impacts on Freshwater Pelagic Community Structure

1989 • 545 citations

The Life of Birds

1964 • 543 citations

The Ecological Context of Life History Evolution

1988 • 531 citations

Climate, Population Viability, and the Zoogeography of Temperate Fishes

1990 • 519 citations

The Energetics of Feeding, Metabolism and Growth of Brown Trout (Salmo trutta L.) in Relation to Body Weight, Water Temperature and Ration Size

1976 • 517 citations

The Biology of Polluted Waters

1961 • 502 citations

Foraging Efficiency of Three Freshwater Fishes: Effects of Structural Complexity and Light

1988 • 470 citations

Mouth and Body Form Relative to Feeding Ecology in the Fish Fauna of a Small Lake, Lake Opinicon, Ontario

1966 • 469 citations

Temporal Variability Patterns and the Distributional Patterns of Stream Fishes

1978 • 463 citations

Spatial and Temporal Variation in Costa Rican Fruit and Fruit‐Eating Bird Abundance

1988 • 451 citations

Temporal Variation in Birds and Fruits Along an Elevational Gradient in Costa Rica

1991 • 448 citations

Community Organization Among Neotropical Nectar-Feeding Birds

1978 • 442 citations

The Role of Predation in Age‐ and Size‐Related Habitat Use by Stream Fishes

1987 • 428 citations

Experimental Tests of Optimal Habitat Use in Fish: The Role of Relative Habitat Profitability

1983 • 428 citations

Vegetation Structure and Avian Diversity in Several New World Areas

1971 • 418 citations

Species Packing and Niche Complementarity in Three Sunfishes

1977 • 410 citations

Depth Distributions of Armored Catfish: Predator‐Induced Resource Avoidance?

1984 • 408 citations

Ecological adaptations to breeding in birds

1969 • 406 citations

Predator-prey systems in fisheries management.

1979 • 404 citations

Food Chain Dynamics: The Central Theory of Ecology?

1987 • 399 citations

Neotropical Avian Frugivores: Patterns of Behavior, Morphology, and Nutrition, with Consequences for Fruit Selection

1985 • 378 citations

Behavioural interactions between fish predators and their prey: effects of plant density

1989 • 374 citations

Predation and Resource Partitioning in Two Sunfishes (Centrarchidae)

1984 • 373 citations

Juvenile Competitive Bottlenecks: The Perch (Perca Fluviatilis)‐Roach (Rutilus Rutilus) Interaction

1990 • 360 citations

Factors Affecting Microdistribution of Stream Benthic Insects

1977 • 353 citations

Niche Shifts in Sunfishes: Experimental Evidence and Significance

1976 • 345 citations

Foraging Efficiency and Habitat Switching in Competiting Sunfishes

1979 • 338 citations

Clutch size variation in passerine birds: The nest predation hypothesis

1982 • 335 citations

Competition Among Refuging Sunfishes and Effects of Fish Density on Littoral Zone Invertebrates

1988 • 333 citations

Predicting the Spread of Disturbance across Heterogeneous Landscapes

1989 • 328 citations

Stochastic Simulation of Temperature Effects on First-Year Survival of Smallmouth Bass

1980 • 327 citations

The birds of the Belgian Congo

1932 • 326 citations

Flow Regime, Juvenile Abundance, and the Assemblage Structure of Stream Fishes

1985 • 323 citations

Striped Bass, Temperature, and Dissolved Oxygen: A Speculative Hypothesis for Environmental Risk

1985 • 319 citations

Processes organizing open-nesting bird assemblages: competition or nest predation?

1988 • 308 citations

On the advantage of being different: Nest predation and the coexistence of bird species

1988 • 304 citations

Biogeography and ecology of forest bird communities

1990 • 299 citations

Susceptibility of Young-of-the-Year Fishes to Downstream Displacement by Flooding

1987 • 289 citations

Prey Exchange Rates and the Impact of Predators on Prey Populations in Streams

1990 • 288 citations

Predator foraging success and habitat complexity: quantitative test of the threshold hypothesis

1989 • 276 citations

Size-Structured Populations

1988 • 274 citations

Overwinter Mortality of Fingerling Smallmouth Bass in Relation to Size, Relative Energy Stores, and Environmental Temperature

1979 • 271 citations

Vigilance while feeding and its relation to the risk of predation

1987 • 268 citations

Habitat and Area Effects on Forest Bird Assemblages: Is Nest Predation an Influence?

1988 • 266 citations

Empirical Relationships Between Phytoplankton and Zooplankton Biomass in Lakes

1981 • 256 citations

Relationships of Fish Yield to Lake Phytoplankton Standing Crop, Production, and Morphoedaphic Factors

1977 • 254 citations

Predator Regulation and Primary Production Along the Productivity Gradient of Temperate Lake Ecosystems

1988 • 251 citations

Habitat Selection and Environmental Gradients: Dynamics in the "Stable" Tropics

1983 • 250 citations

Effect of Spatial Heterogeneity on Ground-Nest Depredation

1980 • 241 citations

Persistence of Stream Fish Assemblages: Effects of Environmental Change

1985 • 240 citations

Birds and Army Ants

1978 • 234 citations

Field studies on zooplankton‐cyanobacteria interactions

1987 • 232 citations

The Effects of Reduction in Trout Density on the Invertebrate Community of a Mountain Stream

1982 • 231 citations

Comparative Reproductive Behavior and Ecology of Fourteen Species of Darters (Pisces‐Percidae)

1958 • 221 citations

Physiological Consequences of Overwintering in Streams: The Cost of Acclimitization?

1988 • 220 citations

Rivers: Form and process in alluvial channels

1987 • 211 citations

Effects of Food Availability and Fish Predation on a Zooplankton Community

1987 • 210 citations

The Impact of Fish Exclusion on the Abundance and Species Composition of Larval Odonates: Results of Short‐Term Experiments in a North Carolina Farm Pond

1984 • 206 citations

Birds of eucalypt forests and woodlands : ecology, conservation, management

1986 • 205 citations

Reciprocal interactions between roach, Rutilus rutilus, and zooplankton in a small lake: Prey dynamics and fish growth and recruitment1

1986 • 198 citations

Algae-grazing minnows (Campostoma anomalum), piscivorous bass (Micropterus spp.), and the distribution of attached algae in a small prairie-margin stream

1983 • 195 citations

Factors Structuring Fish Assemblages Along a Bog Lake Successional Gradient

1984 • 193 citations

Clutch Size in Birds: A Predation Perspective

1987 • 188 citations

Influence of Salmonine Predation and Weather on Long-Term Water Quality Trends in Lake Michigan

1986 • 186 citations

Destruction and Re-establishment of Stream Fish and Invertebrates Affected by Drought

1959 • 185 citations

Effects of Reduced Interspecific Competition on Resource Utilization in Perch (Perca Fluviatilis)

1986 • 180 citations

Predation, Herbivory, and Plant Strategies Along Gradients of Primary Productivity

1990 • 180 citations

Resource heterogeneity and fish species diversity in lakes

1984 • 178 citations

Influence of Habitat Manipulations on Interactions Between Cutthroat Trout and Invertebrate Drift

1986 • 176 citations

Sparrows and a brushpile: Foraging responses to different combinations of predation risk and energy cost

1982 • 175 citations

Fine sediment and salmonid production: a paradox

1987 • 172 citations

Empirical Prediction of Crustacean Zooplankton Biomass and Profundal Macrobenthos Biomass in Lakes

1984 • 172 citations

Carbon Dynamics In Eutrophic, Temperate Lakes

1986 • 169 citations

Variation in Resource Abundance Affects Capture Rates of Birds in Three Lowland Habitats in Costa Rica

1991 • 166 citations

Distribution and quantitative development of aquatic macrophytes in relation to sediment characteristics in oligotrophic Lake Kalgaard, Denmark

1979 • 165 citations

Seasonal Distribution and Abundance of Fishes in the Littoral Zone of a Michigan Lake

1977 • 164 citations

Environmental Stability and Fish Community Diversity

1976 • 163 citations

Growth Patterns in Bluegill (Lepomis macrochirus) and Pumpkinseed (L. gibbosus) Sunfish: Environmental Variation and the Importance of Ontogenetic Niche Shifts

1988 • 161 citations

Are Figs Always Keystone Resources for Tropical Frugivorous Vertebrates? A Test in Gabon

1989 • 159 citations

Digestive Responses of Temperate Birds Switched to Fruit or Insect Diets

1989 • 155 citations

Permanent Canopy and Understory Flocks in Amazonia: Species Composition and Population Density

1985 • 154 citations

The importance of predation, substrate and spatial refugia in determining lotic insect distributions

1984 • 153 citations

Empirical Relationships of Phytomacrofaunal Abundance to Plant Biomass and Macrophyte Bed Characteristics

1988 • 153 citations

Response of Underyearling Coho Salmon to Supplemental Feeding in a Natural Stream

1976 • 151 citations

Light and Nutrients in the Control of Aquatic Plant Community Structure. II. In Situ Observations

1987 • 151 citations

Diet niche relationships among North American grassland and shrubsteppe birds

1979 • 150 citations

Temporal scales of variability in pelagic environments and the response of phytoplankton

1990 • 139 citations

Predation Risk and Habitat Selection by Two Size Classes of a Stream Cyprinid: Experimental Test of a Hypothesis

1988 • 138 citations

Initiation and Termination of Daily Feeding in Dark-Eyed Juncos: Influences of Predation Risk and Energy Reserves

1988 • 138 citations

Trophic Organization of Understory Birds in a Malaysian Dipterocarp Forest

1986 • 137 citations

Ecosystem Organization: Mutualism and Cybernetics or Plain Darwinian Struggle for Existence?

1988 • 137 citations

An Experimental Analysis of Macrophyte Growth Forms as Fish Foraging Habitat

1991 • 136 citations

Evaluation of Fish Communities Through Assessment of Zooplankton Populations and Measures of Lake Productivity

1982 • 136 citations

Responses of Percid Fishes and Their Habitats to Eutrophication

1977 • 134 citations

Factors affecting the early life history of yellow perch,Perca flavescens

1985 • 133 citations

OPINION Manipulating lake community structure: where do we go from here?

1990 • 132 citations

Territorial Bell Miners and Other Birds Affecting Populations of Insect Prey

1983 • 131 citations

Effects of Floods on Food Consumption and Production Rates of a Stream Brook Trout Population

1969 • 130 citations

Effects of Flow Regime and Cyprinid Predation on a Headwater Stream

1989 • 129 citations

Factors affecting growth rates of young tropical floodplain fishes: seasonality and density-dependence

1988 • 129 citations

Protective Cover and the Use of Space: Different Strategies in Finches

1990 • 128 citations

Patch Utilization by Migrating Birds: Resource Oriented?

1986 • 124 citations

Feeding Relationships among Species of Notropis (Pisces: Cyprinidae) in a Wisconsin Stream

1975 • 121 citations

Influence of Temperature and Wind on the Survival of Early Stages of Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens

1976 • 114 citations

Niche Relationships and Population Ecology of Rainbow (Etheostoma Caeruleum) and Fantail (E. Flabellare) Darters in a Temporally Variable Environment

1984 • 110 citations

Catastrophic Mortality of Stream Fishes Trapped in Shrinking Pools

1977 • 109 citations

Some Factors Affecting the Abundance of Minnows in the Des Moines River, Iowa

1951 • 107 citations

21. The Mechanisms of Species Interactions and Community Organization in Fish

1984 • 101 citations

Nearshore fish habitat utilization and species associations in Lake Opinicon (Ontario, Canada)

1978 • 100 citations

Ecological Communities.

1985 • 100 citations

Selection between Densities of Artificial Vegetation by Young Bluegills Avoiding Predation

1987 • 96 citations

A MODEL TO EXPLAIN MOLT-BREEDING OVERLAP AND CLUTCH SIZE IN SOME TROPICAL BIRDS

1974 • 93 citations

Ecological studies in tropical fish communities

1988 • 91 citations

A Spectrum of Nectar-Eater Communities

1978 • 90 citations

Seasonal Energy Budget of Brook Trout in Streams: Implications of a Possible Deficit in Early Winter

1987 • 89 citations

Resource seasonality and fish diets in an Illinois stream

1982 • 88 citations

Within‐ and Between‐Habitat Avian Diversity in African and Neotropical Lowland Habitats

1976 • 84 citations

Distribution, Abundance, and Resource Utilization of Littoral Zone Fishes in Response to a Nutrient/Production Gradient in Lake Memphremagog

1977 • 83 citations

Complementarity in the Use of Food and Thermal Habitat by Lake Michigan Fishes

1981 • 82 citations

Structure and dynamics of zooplankton communities maintained in closed systems, with special reference to the algal food supply

1982 • 80 citations

Fish Species Diversity in Relation to Stream Order and Physicochemical Conditions in the Plum Creek Drainage Basin

1972 • 78 citations

The Evolution of Finch Communities on Islands and Continents: Kenya vs. Galapagos

1988 • 76 citations

Variation in plant stem density and its effects on foraging success of juvenile bluegill sunfish

1990 • 75 citations

Biological Integrity and the Goal of Environmental Legislation: Lessons for Conservation Biology

1990 • 72 citations

Experimental and Field Evidence for Inter- and Intraspecific Competition in Two Freshwater Fishes

1985 • 70 citations

Critical Thermal Maxima, Oxygen Tolerances and Success of Cyprinid Fishes in a Southwestern River

1979 • 68 citations

Foraging and predator avoidance: a test of a patch choice model with juvenile bluegill sunfish

1990 • 68 citations

Evolutionary dynamics of a natural population: The large cactus finch of the galapagos

1990 • 68 citations

The ecology of a tropical forest: Seasonal rhythms and long-term changes

1985 • 68 citations

Weather-Dependent Foraging Behavior of Some Birds Wintering in a Deciduous Woodland: Horizontal Adjustments

1977 • 67 citations

Geographical Variation in the Avifaunas of Tropical Forest Undergrowth

1980 • 66 citations

Food Web Interactions in Lakes

1988 • 65 citations

Land Bird Communities of Grand Bahama Island: The Structure and Dynamics of an Avifauna

1977 • 64 citations

Epiphytic Macroinvertebrates as a Food Resource for Bluegills in Florida Lakes

1989 • 64 citations

Fish and Fisheries Ecology

1991 • 64 citations

Stocking Threadfin Shad: Consequences for Young-of-Year Fishes

1991 • 63 citations

Responses of bass to natural and artificial temperature regimes

1975 • 63 citations

Resource Depletion and Habitat Segregation by Competitors Under Predation Hazard

1988 • 63 citations

Effects of Sand Sedimentation on Colonization of Stream Insects

1976 • 63 citations

Eutrophication may produce population cycles in roach, Rutilus rutilus (L.), by two contrasting mechanisms

1989 • 56 citations

Macroinvertebrates associated with macrophytes and plastic imitations in the Eramosa River, Ontario, Canada

1986 • 56 citations

A Model to Explain Molt-Breeding Overlap and Clutch Size in Some Tropical Birds

1974 • 54 citations

Gross Photosynthesis as an Estimator of Potential Fish Production

1977 • 54 citations

Ecological and morphological shifts in Lake Michigan fishes: glimpses of the ghost of competition past

1986 • 54 citations

Effects of Intensified Fishing, Species Changes, and Spring Water Temperatures on Yellow Perch, Perca flavescens, in Saginaw Bay

1977 • 50 citations

Diurnal and individual variability in the foraging behavior of American redstarts (Setophaga ruticilla)

1978 • 48 citations

Selective fish mortality resulting from low winter oxygen

1975 • 47 citations

Complex interactions in lake communities

1989 • 44 citations

MODIFICATION OF A STREAM BOTTOM AND ITS EFFECT ON THE INSECT FAUNA

1940 • 44 citations

Experimental evidence for interactive habitat segregation between roach (Rutilus rutilus) and rudd (Scardinius erythrophthalmus) in a shallow eutrophic lake

1987 • 43 citations

Cichlid Stocking and the Decline of the Galilee Saint Peter's Fish (Sarotherodon galilaeus) in Lake Kinneret, Israel

1983 • 43 citations

Sunfish foraging among patches: the patch-departure decision

1989 • 42 citations

Foraging Niche Relations of Wading Birds in Tropical Wet Savannas

1985 • 40 citations

Breeding ecology of the Clay‐coloured Robin Turdus grayi in lowland Panama

1983 • 40 citations

Distribution and Food Habits of Young-of-the-Year Fishes in a Backwater Lake of the Upper Mississippi River

1985 • 39 citations

Chronology, distribution, and sizes of larval fish sampled by light traps in macrophytic Chemung Lake

1985 • 38 citations

Ecological and morphological shifts in Lake Michigan fishes: glimpses of the ghost of competition past

1986 • 38 citations

Effects of Abundance and Water Temperature on Recruitment and Growth of Alewife (Alosa pseudoharengus) near South Bay, Lake Huron, 1954–82

1985 • 37 citations

THE IMPACT OF SUBMERGED MACROPHYTES ON LARGEMOUTH BASS AND BLUEGILLS

1987 • 37 citations

Consequences of differences in body mass, wing length and leg morphology for nectar‐feeding birds

1989 • 37 citations

Effects of Cover and Prey Size on Preferences of Juvenile Largemouth Bass for Blue Tilapias and Bluegills in Tanks

1985 • 36 citations

Recent population trends of the eastern bluebird

1990 • 35 citations

Short-term effects of a catastrophic beaver dam collapse on a stream fish community

1991 • 34 citations

Spatio-Temporal Patterns of Foraging Success for Fishes in an Illinois Stream

1985 • 33 citations

Habitat and substrate influences on population and production dynamics of a stream caddisfly, Ceraclea ancylus (Leptoceridae)

1977 • 33 citations

Changes in the abundance of small littoral-zone fishes in Lake Mendota, Wisconsin

1989 • 32 citations

Consequences of an Alewife Die-off to Fish and Zooplankton in a Reservoir

1981 • 32 citations

Relation of Temperature and Population Density to First-Year Recruitment and Growth of Smallmouth Bass in a Wisconsin Lake

1982 • 32 citations

Birds and zoonoses

1990 • 31 citations

Distributional patterns of sunfishes on the New Jersey coastal plain

1984 • 31 citations

Investigations of density interactions among breeding birds in ponderosa pine forests: correlative and experimental evidence

1987 • 31 citations

Effects of Exploitation, Introductions, and Eutrophication on Percids in Lake Balaton

1977 • 30 citations

Environmental effects on variation and covariation in reproductive traits of Western Bluebirds

1991 • 28 citations

Food Web Patterns in Ecosystems: A Reply to Fretwell and Oksanen

1989 • 27 citations

Annual production by a stream brook charr population and by its principal invertebrate food

1982 • 27 citations

Foraging Mode Switches in the Golden Shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas)

1989 • 27 citations

Golden Shiner (Notemigonus crysoleucas) Population Abundance Correlations with Food and Predators

1989 • 25 citations

Egg Predation in Woodland in Relation to the Presence and Density of Breeding Fieldfares Turdus pilaris

1980 • 24 citations

Effects of Seeding Reservoir Fluctuation Zones on Young-of-the-Year Black Bass and Associated Species

1982 • 24 citations

The Effect of Predator Control on Ruffed Grouse Populations in New York

1939 • 21 citations

Effect of Submersed Aquatic Macrophytes on Resource Partitioning in Yearling Rock Bass (Ambloplites rupestris) and Pumpkinseeds (Lepomis gibbosus) in Lake St. Clair

1988 • 16 citations

Interactions between Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Fish in the Nutrient Rich Shallow Lake Hjarbæk Fjord, Denmark

1984 • 15 citations

The relationships between abundances of honeyeaters and their food resources in open forest areas near Sydney

1986 • 13 citations

Relationship of Temperature to Total Annual Growth in Adult Smallmouth Bass

1967 • 13 citations

The Spruce-Fir Forests of the Keweenaw Peninsula, Northern Michigan

1961 • 10 citations

The Food Habits of Two Species of Cottus Occupying the Same Habitat

1972 • 9 citations

BIOLOGICAL MANAGEMENT OF A POND ECOSYSTEM TO MEET WATER USE OBJECTIVES

1986 • 7 citations

How littoral macrophyte growth form influences foraging ecology of pumpkinseed sunfish.

1991 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations