Ontogeny and Phylogeny of Paradoxical Reward Effects

A theory of Pavlovian conditioning : Variations in the effectiveness of reinforcement and nonreinforcement

1972 • 6,687 citations

Classical conditioning II: Current research and theory.

1972 • 4,453 citations

Receptive fields of single neurones in the cat's striate cortex

1959 • 4,378 citations

Principles of Behavior

1944 • 4,124 citations

A PROPOSED MECHANISM OF EMOTION

1937 • 3,511 citations

The Behavior of Organisms

1938 • 3,256 citations

Handbook of Psychopharmacology

1988 • 2,778 citations

The Psychology of Animal Learning

1976 • 2,451 citations

The psychology of animal learning

1975 • 1,995 citations

Relation of cue to consequence in avoidance learning

1966 • 1,963 citations

Stochastic models for learning.

1955 • 1,540 citations

The role of frustrative nonreward in noncontinuous reward situations.

1958 • 1,304 citations

Hilgard and Marquis' Conditioning and learning

1961 • 1,301 citations

Inhibition and Learning

1973 • 1,092 citations

Animal intelligence; experimental studies

1911 • 1,086 citations

Toward a statistical theory of learning.

1950 • 980 citations

Frustrative nonreward in partial reinforcement and discrimination learning: Some recent history and a theoretical extension.

1962 • 966 citations

Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning

1972 • 952 citations

Quantitative Variation of Incentive and Performance in the White Rat

1942 • 881 citations

Elements of a two-process theory of learning

1975 • 850 citations

Animal Intelligence. Experimental Studies

1912 • 850 citations

Animal Behaviour: A Synthesis of Ethology and Comparative Psychology

1968 • 848 citations

The Neurosciences;: Second study program

1970 • 758 citations

Biopsychology of development

1971 • 744 citations

Biological boundaries of learning

1972 • 664 citations

A mathematical model for simple learning.

1951 • 580 citations

The ontogeny of behaviour in the albino rat

1964 • 574 citations

The neurosciences—Second study program

1971 • 557 citations

A Sequential Hypothesis of Instrumental Learning

1967 • 531 citations

Effects of discrimination training on stimulus generalization.

1959 • 515 citations

Phyletic differences in learning.

1965 • 497 citations

Chunking and consolidation: A theoretical synthesis of semantic networks, configuring in conditioning, S-R versus cognitive learning, normal forgetting, the amnesic syndrome, and the hippocampal arousal system.

1979 • 497 citations

The Comparative Analysis of Learning

1975 • 490 citations

Ontogeny of Adrenergic Arousal and Cholinergic Inhibitory Mechanisms in the Rat

1969 • 471 citations

The hippocampus and behavioral maturation

1973 • 456 citations

Motivational properties of frustration: I. Effect on a running response of the addition of frustration to the motivational complex.

1952 • 456 citations

Plasma concentrations of total and free corticosterone during development in the rat.

1978 • 414 citations

Drug Effects on Fear and Frustration: Possible Limbic Site of Action of Minor Tranquilizers

1977 • 372 citations

Constraints on Learning: Limitations and Predispositions

1974 • 357 citations

Physiology, Emotion and Psychosomatic Illness

1973 • 335 citations

THE MILK-EJECTION REFLEX OF THE RAT: AN INTERMITTENT FUNCTION NOT ABOLISHED BY SURGICAL LEVELS OF ANAESTHESIA

1973 • 312 citations

Stochastic Models for Learning.

1956 • 311 citations

Effects of amount and percentage of reinforcement and number of acquisition trials on conditioning and extinction.

1961 • 301 citations

Partial Reinforcement Effects On Vigor and Persistence

1967 • 286 citations

Acquisition and extinction of verbal expectations in a situation analogous to conditioning.

1939 • 280 citations

Hippocampal Rhythmic Slow Activity and Neocortical Low-Voltage Fast Activity: Relations to Behavior

1975 • 257 citations

Analysis of a verbal conditioning situation in terms of statistical learning theory.

1954 • 255 citations

Biological boundaries of learning

1973 • 248 citations

Suckling behavior and intake control in the developing rat pup.

1977 • 244 citations

Appetitive Learning in 1-Day-Old Rat Pups

1979 • 239 citations

The biopsychology of development

1974 • 236 citations

Partial reinforcement: A selective review of the literature since 1950.

1960 • 230 citations

Mechanisms of Animal Discrimination Learning

1971 • 228 citations

Evolution of the Vertebrates

2001 • 220 citations

Extinction as a function of partial reinforcement and distribution of practice.

1949 • 213 citations

Toward a comparative psychology of learning.

1960 • 212 citations

A contrast effect in differential conditioning.

1961 • 208 citations

The effect of random alternation of reinforcement on the acquisition and extinction of conditioned eyelid reactions.

1939 • 203 citations

Amount and percentage of reinforcement and duration of goal confinement in conditioning and extinction.

1958 • 200 citations

Ontogeny of Learning and Memory

1981 • 192 citations

Animal Behaviour–A Synthesis of Ethology and Comparative Psychology.

1967 • 189 citations

The development of noncontinuity behavior through continuity learning.

1953 • 184 citations

A General Profile of the Vertebrate Brain, with Sidelights on the Ancestry of Cerebral Cortex

1970 • 172 citations

Mechanisms of Learning and Motivation: A Memorial Volume to Jerzy Konorski

1980 • 170 citations

RELATIVITY OF RESPONSE RATE AND REINFORCEMENT FREQUENCY IN A MULTIPLE SCHEDULE¹

1961 • 163 citations

The development of the pheromonal bond in the albino rat

1972 • 162 citations

Performance in different segments of an instrumental response chain as a function of reinforcement schedule.

1959 • 159 citations

Frequency-Specific Relation between Hippocampal Theta Rhythm, Behavior, and Amobarbital Action

1970 • 156 citations

Maternal pheromone

1974 • 156 citations

Ontogeny of suckling in rats: Transitions toward adult ingestion.

1977 • 155 citations

Cholinergic modulation of adrenergic arousal in the developing rat.

1970 • 153 citations

Postnatal Development of the Hippocampal Dentate Gyrus Under Normal and Experimental Conditions

1975 • 151 citations

Reward, attention and the dorsal noradrenergic bundle

1978 • 146 citations

A quantitative analysis of the feeding behaviour of suckling rats

1974 • 145 citations

MEMORY AND LEARNING: A SEQUENTIAL VIEWPOINT

1971 • 141 citations

Mechanisms of learning and motivation: A memorial volume to Jerzy Konorski

1980 • 136 citations

Persistence of runway performance after septal lesions in rats.

1974 • 133 citations

The Role of the Septo-Hippocampal System and its Noradrenergic Afferents in Behavioural Responses to Non-Reward

1978 • 123 citations

Reward and Learning in the Goldfish

1967 • 122 citations

Dissociation of the frustration effect and the partial reinforcement extinction effect after limbic lesions in rats.

1977 • 116 citations

The Effect of Random and Alternating Partial Reinforcement on Resistance to Extinction in the Rat

1953 • 116 citations

Expectancy and the Pituitary — Adrenal System

1972 • 115 citations

Facilitated single-alternation go, no-go acquisition following hippocampectomy in the rat.

1970 • 115 citations

Plasma corticosterone increases produced by extinction of operant behavior in rats

1971 • 112 citations

Spaced-trials partial reinforcement effect as a function of contrast.

1969 • 111 citations

Cognitive and drive factors in the extinction of the conditioned eye blink in human subjects.

1966 • 110 citations

Runway performance of goldfish as a function of complete and incomplete reduction in amount of reward

1972 • 109 citations

Effects of septal driving of the hippocampal theta rhythm on resistance to extinction

1972 • 105 citations

Partial reinforcement: A selective review of the alleyway literature since 1960.

1971 • 102 citations

Partial reinforcement effects within subject and between subjects.

1966 • 101 citations

Ontogeny of behavioral arousal: The role of environmental stimuli.

1978 • 97 citations

Response patterning and extinction in rats with hippocampal lesions.

1970 • 96 citations

Effect of hippocampal lesions and intertrial interval on single-alternation performance in the rat.

1972 • 95 citations

Olfactory, thermal, and tactile controls of suckling in preauditory and previsual rats.

1977 • 94 citations

Developmental changes in suckling of rat pups

1975 • 94 citations

Reward and aftereffects of reward in the learning of goldfish.

1971 • 93 citations

Animal learning : survey and analysis

1979 • 89 citations

Reward magnitude shift effects in rats with hippocampal lesions.

1971 • 88 citations

Changes in reinforcing properties of stimuli following ablation of the amygdaloid complex in monkeys.

1960 • 87 citations

SOME LIMITATIONS ON BEHAVIORAL CONTRAST AND INDUCTION DURING SUCCESSIVE DISCRIMINATION¹

1963 • 86 citations

Taste aversions to mother's milk: The age-related role of nursing in acquisition and expression of a learned association.

1979 • 86 citations

Reinforcing Properties of Escape From Frustration Aroused In Various Learning Situations

1974 • 85 citations

Appetitive learning, patterned alternation, and extinction in 10-d-old rats with non-lactating suckling as reward

1976 • 85 citations

The facilitation of visual and spatial discrimination reversal by overlearning.

1956 • 83 citations

Reward and learning in the turtle

1970 • 82 citations

Modulation of behavioral inhibition in appetitive extinction following manipulation of adrenal steroids in rats: Implications for involvement of the hippocampus.

1979 • 82 citations

Effects of the Home Environment on Withholding Behaviors and Conditioning in Infant and Neonatal Rats

1978 • 81 citations

Amobarbital sodium and instrumental performance changes following reward reduction

1967 • 76 citations

The effect of partial reinforcement with spaced practice on resistance to extinction in the fish.

1960 • 75 citations

Putative Glucocorticoid Receptors in Hippocampus and Other Regions of the Rat Brain

1975 • 73 citations

Effects of hippocampal x-irradiation-produced granule-cell agenesis on instrumental runway performance in rats

1974 • 70 citations

Differential effects of continuous extinction and discrimination training on the generalization gradient.

1959 • 69 citations

Reversal Learning and Forgetting in Bird and Fish

1967 • 69 citations

Intermittent Release of Oxytocin during Suckling in the Rat

1971 • 68 citations

Ontogeny of successive negative contrast and its dissociation from other paradoxical reward effects in preweanling rats.

1981 • 67 citations

Spaced-trials partial reinforcement and resistance to extinction in the goldfish.

1969 • 66 citations

Extinction of An Instrumental Response following a Large Number of Reinforcements

1960 • 63 citations

Extinction of conditioned fear as a function of percentage of reinforcement.

1967 • 63 citations

Development of nutritional control of food intake in suckling rat pups

1978 • 62 citations

Chlorpromazine, chlordiazepoxide, and incentive-shift performance in the rat.

1970 • 57 citations

Instrumental conditioning of hippocampal theta and subsequent response persistence.

1974 • 53 citations

Acquisition of a simple running response as a function of partial and continuous schedules of reinforcement

1959 • 52 citations

The partial reinforcement extinction effect in rats with medial septal lesions

1972 • 52 citations

Handbook of psychopharmacology, vol. 18, drugs, neurotransmitters and behavior

1985 • 50 citations

Theoretical and experimental bases of the behaviour therapies

1977 • 46 citations

Noradrenaline and partial reinforcement in rats.

1978 • 46 citations

Evolution of the Vertebrates

1955 • 45 citations

Appetitive learning and extinction in 11-day-old rat pups: Effects of various reinforcement conditions.

1977 • 44 citations

Extinction of conditioned psychogalvanic responses following two conditions of reinforcement.

1940 • 43 citations

Ontogeny of preference for nutritive over nonnutritive suckling in albino rats.

1979 • 40 citations

Extinction performance as a function of incentive magnitude and number of acquisition trials

1964 • 39 citations

Partial reinforcement effect in the goldfish as a function of amount of reward.

1967 • 38 citations

Interactive effects of the two rewards in a differential magnitude of reward discrimination.

1967 • 37 citations

Motivational properties of frustration: II. Frustration drive stimulus and frustration reduction in selective learning.

1954 • 37 citations

Oxytocin-Induced Stretch Reaction in Suckling Mice and Rats: A Semiquantitative Bio-assay for Oxytocin

1967 • 36 citations

Resistance to Extinction in the Goldfish as a Function of Frequency and Amount of Reward

1967 • 34 citations

Acquisition and extinction under single alternation and random partial-reinforcement conditions with a 24-hour intertrial interval.

1966 • 33 citations

Evidence for a transitional period for development of persistence in infant rats.

1978 • 32 citations

Effects of medial cortical lesions on appetitive instrumental conditioning

1967 • 32 citations

Stimulus consequences of reinforcement and nonreforcement: Stimulus traces or memory

1964 • 31 citations

Effect of magnitude of reinforcement on acquisition and extinction of a running response.

1959 • 31 citations

Resistance to extinction after partial reinforcement training with blocking of the hippocampal theta rhythm by septal stimulation

1972 • 31 citations

Ontogeny of persistence: Immediate and long-term persistence in rats varying in training age between 17 and 65 days.

1976 • 30 citations

Subject-to-subject trial sequence, odor trails, and patterning at24-h ITI

1969 • 30 citations

An attention theory of discrimination learning

1965 • 28 citations

Pup attraction to lactating Sprague-Dawley rats

1976 • 27 citations

The strength of a Thorndikian response as a function of the number of practice trials.

1943 • 26 citations

Learned persistence at 11–12 days but not at 10–11 days in infant rats

1980 • 25 citations

Ontogeny of persistence: Immediate extinction effects in preweanling and weanling rats

1976 • 24 citations

Positive behavioral contrast, negative simultaneous contrast and their relation to frustration in pigeons.

1974 • 24 citations

Effects of atropine sulfate on single alternation in hippocampectomized rats

1969 • 23 citations

Adjustment to reward reduction (but no negative contrast) in rats 11, 14, and 16 days of age.

1980 • 22 citations

Partial Reinforcement in the Fish: Experiments with Spaced Trials and Partial Delay

1965 • 22 citations

Retention and durability of persistence acquired by young and infant rats.

1975 • 21 citations

Instrumental response persistence following induction of hippocampal theta frequency during fixed-ratio responding in rats.

1974 • 19 citations

Within-subjects partial-reinforcement effects in acquisition and in later discrimination learning.

1966 • 19 citations

Performance of the turtle, Pseudemys scripta troostii, in a partial-reinforcement situation.

1961 • 19 citations

Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli.

1978 • 19 citations

Incentive shift performance in cingulectomized rats.

1970 • 17 citations

Patterned (single) alternation in 11- and 14-day-old rats under various reward conditions.

1980 • 17 citations

Physostigmine and resistance to extinction

1972 • 17 citations

Drive, reward, and training parameters, and the overlearning-extinction effect (OEE)

1972 • 16 citations

Patterning in goldfish as a function of magnitude of reinforcement

1972 • 15 citations

Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli.

1978 • 13 citations

Retention under changed‐reward conditions of persistence learned by infant rats

1980 • 12 citations

The effects of shifts in magnitude of reward on runway performance in immature and adult rats

1966 • 12 citations

Reward Training: Contrast Effects

1979 • 12 citations

SUCCESSIVE INCENTIVE SHIFTS WITH IMMATURE AND MATURE RATS

1972 • 4 citations