Immune functions of tumor necrosis factor. I. Tumor necrosis factor induces apoptosis of mouse thymocytes and can also stimulate or inhibit IL-6-induced proliferation depending on the concentration of mitogenic costimulation.

A rapid and simple method for measuring thymocyte apoptosis by propidium iodide staining and flow cytometry

1991 • 4,682 citations

Glucocorticoid-induced thymocyte apoptosis is associated with endogenous endonuclease activation

1980 • 4,591 citations

Bcl-2 is an inner mitochondrial membrane protein that blocks programmed cell death

1990 • 3,817 citations

Tumor Necrosis Factor (TNF)

1985 • 1,932 citations

Interleukin-6: An Overview

1990 • 1,910 citations

The Biology of Cachectin/TNF -- A Primary Mediator of the Host Response

1989 • 1,679 citations

Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin 1: cytokines with multiple overlapping biological activities.

1987 • 1,345 citations

Biology of multifunctional cytokines: IL 6 and related molecules (IL 1 and TNF)

1990 • 1,307 citations

bcl-2 inhibits multiple forms of apoptosis but not negative selection in thymocytes

1991 • 1,223 citations

Antibodies to CD3/T-cell receptor complex induce death by apoptosis in immature T cells in thymic cultures

1989 • 1,159 citations

A novel form of TNF/cachectin is a cell surface cytotoxic transmembrane protein: Ramifications for the complex physiology of TNF

1988 • 1,105 citations

Apoptosis and Programmed Cell Death in Immunity

1992 • 1,105 citations

bcl-2 transgene inhibits T cell death and perturbs thymic self-censorship

1991 • 1,090 citations

Developmental Biology of T Cells in T Cell-Receptor Transgenic Mice

1990 • 637 citations

Cloning and expression of cDNAs for two distinct murine tumor necrosis factor receptors demonstrate one receptor is species specific.

1991 • 576 citations

Cytotoxic mechanism of tumor necrosis factor‐α

1990 • 539 citations

IL-10, a novel growth cofactor for mature and immature T cells.

1990 • 371 citations

Differential regulation of human monocyte programmed cell death (apoptosis) by chemotactic factors and pro-inflammatory cytokines.

1991 • 294 citations

The p70 tumor necrosis factor receptor mediates cytotoxicity

1992 • 277 citations

Activation of a suicide process of thymocytes through DNA fragmentation by calcium ionophores and phorbol esters.

1989 • 242 citations

Positive selection of the T cell repertoire: Where and when does it occur?

1989 • 242 citations

Alpha melanocyte stimulating hormone inhibits immunostimulatory and inflammatory actions of interleukin 1.

1986 • 221 citations

Inhibition of thymocyte apoptosis and negative antigenic selection in bcl-2 transgenic mice.

1992 • 181 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha/cachectin is a growth factor for thymocytes. Synergistic interactions with other cytokines.

1988 • 164 citations

Murine thymocytes proliferate in direct response to interleukin-7

1989 • 157 citations

Interleukin 4 is a growth factor for activated thymocytes: possible role in T-cell ontogeny.

1987 • 116 citations

Tumor necrosis factor alpha directly and indirectly regulates hematopoietic progenitor cell proliferation: role of colony-stimulating factor receptor modulation.

1992 • 114 citations

IL-7 maintains the T cell precursor potential of CD3-CD4-CD8- thymocytes.

1991 • 100 citations

Constitutive synthesis of tumor necrosis factor in the thymus.

1992 • 93 citations

Cytokine-dependent thymocyte responses: characterization of IL 1 and IL 2 target subpopulations and mechanism of action.

1982 • 88 citations

Growth-promoting activity of IL-1 alpha, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-alpha in combination with IL-2, IL-4, or IL-7 on murine thymocytes. Differential effects on CD4/CD8 subsets and on CD3+/CD3- double-negative thymocytes.

1990 • 84 citations

Postthymic T‐Cell Development

1986 • 81 citations

The function of Ia+ dendritic cells and Ia- dendritic cell precursors in thymocyte mitogenesis to lectin and lectin plus interleukin 1.

1988 • 81 citations

IL-6 is an intermediate in IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation.

1989 • 81 citations

T‐Cell Specificity and Repertoire

1988 • 71 citations

Cytokine production by mature and immature thymocytes.

1991 • 69 citations

Both interleukin 1 and tumor necrosis factor enhance thymocyte proliferation

1988 • 56 citations

Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and P40 induce day 15 murine fetal thymocyte proliferation in combination with IL-2.

1990 • 54 citations

Expression of an exogenous tumor necrosis factor (TNF) gene in TNF-sensitive cell lines confers resistance to TNF-mediated cell lysis.

1992 • 48 citations

Calcium and A23187-induced cytolysis of mouse thymocytes

1980 • 44 citations

In vitro induction of CD8 expression on thymic pre-T cells. I. Transforming growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha induce CD8 expression on CD8- thymic subsets including the CD25+CD3-CD4-CD8- pre-T cell subset.

1992 • 35 citations

Synergism of interleukin 7 with the thymocyte growth factors interleukin 2, interleukin 6, and tumor necrosis factor α in the induction of thymocyte proliferation

1990 • 32 citations

Biological activity of recombinant murine interleukin-6 in interleukin-1 T cell assays

1989 • 28 citations

IL-7 is requisite for IL-1-induced thymocyte proliferation. Involvement of IL-7 in the synergistic effects of granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor or tumor necrosis factor with IL-1.

1992 • 22 citations

In vitro induction of CD8 expression on thymic pre-T cells. II. Characterization of CD3-CD4-CD8 alpha + cells generated in vitro by culturing CD25+CD3-CD4-CD8- thymocytes with T cell growth factor-beta and tumor necrosis factor-alpha.

1992 • 18 citations

IL-4 (B cell stimulatory factor 1) exhibits thymocyte growth factor activity in the presence of IL-2.

1988 • 17 citations

Activation of CD 4-, CD 8- thymocytes with IL 4 vs IL 1 + IL 2.

1988 • 15 citations

Tumor growth in vivo selects for resistance to tumor necrosis factor.

1989 • 15 citations

Thymic lymphomas mediate non-MHC-restricted, TNF-dependent lysis of the murine sarcoma WEHI-164

1991 • 11 citations

L3T4+, B2A2+ thymocytes from infant mice produce IL 2 after interaction with accessory cells expressing self class II antigens.

1986 • 11 citations