Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum: mechanisms and consequences

The large diverse gene family var encodes proteins involved in cytoadherence and antigenic variation of plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes

1995 • 1,223 citations

Cloning the P. falciparum gene encoding PfEMP1, a malarial variant antigen and adherence receptor on the surface of parasitized human erythrocytes

1995 • 1,035 citations

Switches in expression of plasmodium falciparum var genes correlate with changes in antigenic and cytoadherent phenotypes of infected erythrocytes

1995 • 1,003 citations

Human cerebral malaria. A quantitative ultrastructural analysis of parasitized erythrocyte sequestration.

1985 • 839 citations

Intercellular adhesion molecule-1 is an endothelial cell adhesion receptor for Plasmodium falciparum

1989 • 703 citations

Parasite antigens on the infected red cell surface are targets for naturally acquired immunity to malaria

1998 • 664 citations

Rapid switching to multiple antigenic and adhesive phenotypes in malaria

1992 • 636 citations

Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes modulate the maturation of dendritic cells

1999 • 633 citations

Antigenic variation in malaria: in situ switching, relaxed and mutually exclusive transcription of var genes during intra-erythrocytic development in Plasmodium falciparum

1998 • 615 citations

An immunohistochemical study of the pathology of fatal malaria. Evidence for widespread endothelial activation and a potential role for intercellular adhesion molecule-1 in cerebral sequestration.

1994 • 597 citations

P. falciparum rosetting mediated by a parasite-variant erythrocyte membrane protein and complement-receptor 1

1997 • 584 citations

Developmental selection of var gene expression in Plasmodium falciparum

1998 • 532 citations

Antigenic variation in Plasmodium falciparum.

1991 • 517 citations

Chromosome 2 Sequence of the Human Malaria Parasite Plasmodium falciparum

1998 • 455 citations

Human cerebral malaria: association with erythrocyte rosetting and lack of anti-rosetting antibodies

1990 • 453 citations

Antibodies to blood stage antigens of Plasmodium falciparum in rural Gambians and their relation to protection against infection

1989 • 451 citations

Identification of a strain-specific malarial antigen exposed on the surface of Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

1984 • 451 citations

Targeted Gene Disruption Shows That Knobs Enable Malaria-Infected Red Cells to Cytoadhere under Physiological Shear Stress

1997 • 437 citations

Identification of the erythrocyte binding domains of Plasmodium vivax and Plasmodium knowlesi proteins involved in erythrocyte invasion.

1994 • 419 citations

Human vascular endothelial cell adhesion receptors for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes: roles for endothelial leukocyte adhesion molecule 1 and vascular cell adhesion molecule 1.

1992 • 383 citations

Immunity to Malaria: Antigenic Variation in Chronic Infections of Plasmodium knowlesi

1965 • 383 citations

A human 88-kD membrane glycoprotein (CD36) functions in vitro as a receptor for a cytoadherence ligand on Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

1989 • 377 citations

Thrombospondin binds falciparum malaria parasitized erythrocytes and may mediate cytoadherence

1985 • 364 citations

Plasmodium falciparum rosetting is associated with malaria severity in Kenya

1995 • 360 citations

Receptor-Specific Adhesion and Clinical Disease in Plasmodium falciparum

1997 • 354 citations

Chondroitin sulfate A is a cell surface receptor for Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes.

1995 • 353 citations

Parasite sequestration in Plasmodium falciparum malaria: spleen and antibody modulation of cytoadherence of infected erythrocytes.

1983 • 351 citations

Identification of Plasmodium falciparum Erythrocyte Membrane Protein 1 (PfEMP1) as the Rosetting Ligand of the Malaria Parasite P. falciparum

1998 • 294 citations

The maintenance of strain structure in populations of recombining infectious agents

1996 • 286 citations

stevor and rif are Plasmodium falciparum multicopy gene families which potentially encode variant antigens

1998 • 273 citations

Identification of a Region of PfEMP1 That Mediates Adherence of Plasmodium falciparum Infected Erythrocytes to CD36: Conserved Function With Variant Sequence

1997 • 254 citations

Surface alterations of erythrocytes in Plasmodium falciparum malaria. Antigenic variation, antigenic diversity, and the role of the spleen.

1983 • 231 citations

Plasmodium vivax interaction with the human Duffy blood group glycoprotein: Identification of a parasite receptor-like protein

1989 • 228 citations

Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes form spontaneous erythrocyte rosettes.

1989 • 218 citations

PECAM-1/CDS31, an endothelial receptor for binding Plasmodium falciparum-infected erythrocytes

1997 • 215 citations

A high frequency African coding polymorphism in the N-terminal domain of ICAM-1 predisposing to cerebral malaria in Kenya

1997 • 202 citations

Rolling and stationary cytoadhesion of red blood cells parasitized by Plasmodium falciparum: separate roles for ICAM‐1, CD36 and thrombospondin

1994 • 194 citations

Antigenic variation in malaria

1995 • 184 citations

Variant antigens and endothelial receptor adhesion in Plasmodium falciparum.

1996 • 176 citations

Cloning of the Plasmodium vivax Duffy receptor

1991 • 167 citations

Splenic requirement for antigenic variation and expression of the variant antigen on the erythrocyte membrane in cloned Plasmodium knowlesi malaria

1983 • 153 citations

Plasmodium falciparum: The human agglutinating antibody response to the infected red cell surface is predominantly variant specific

1992 • 149 citations

The var genes of Plasmodium falciparum are located in the subtelomeric region of most chromosomes.

1996 • 135 citations

Antigenic variation of Plasmodium knowlesi malaria: identification of the variant antigen on infected erythrocytes.

1983 • 133 citations

Pathogenicity, stability, and immunogenicity of a knobless clone of Plasmodium falciparum in Colombian owl monkeys

1985 • 127 citations

Intra-cluster recombination and var transcription switches in the antigenic variation of Plasmodium falciparum

1999 • 127 citations

Antigenic variation of cloned Plasmodium fragile in its natural host Macaca sinica. Sequential appearance of successive variant antigenic types.

1987 • 123 citations

Relationships between sequestration, antigenic variation and chronic parasitism in Plasmodium chabaudi chabaudi– a rodent malaria model

1990 • 114 citations

Analysis of adhesive domains from the A4VAR Plasmodium falciparum erythrocyte membrane protein-1 identifies a CD36 binding domain

1998 • 114 citations

Antigenic Variation in Malaria

1999 • 112 citations

Expressed var Genes Are Found in Plasmodium falciparum Subtelomeric Regions

1997 • 110 citations

Characterization of Plasmodium falciparum-Infected Erythrocyte and P-Selectin Interaction Under Flow Conditions

1998 • 68 citations

Expression of var Genes Located within Polymorphic Subtelomeric Domains of Plasmodium falciparum Chromosomes

1997 • 66 citations

Genomic representation of var gene sequences in Plasmodium falciparum field isolates from different geographic regions1Note: Nucleotide sequences for data reported in this paper are in the EMBL, GenBank™ and DDJB databases under the accession numbers Z94724–Z94751.1

1997 • 65 citations

Antigenic variation and immunity to Plasmodium knowlesi: Antibodies which induce antigenic variation and antibodies which destroy parasites

1974 • 59 citations

Plasmodium falciparum:Molecular Background to Strain-Specific Rosette Disruption by Glycosaminoglycans and Sulfated Glycoconjugates

1999 • 57 citations

Influence of the Spleen on the Expression of Surface Antigens on Parasitized Erythrocytes

1983 • 56 citations

Malaria parasites undergo antigenic variation at high ratesin vivo

1994 • 52 citations

Plasmodium falciparum: Further Characterization of a Functionally Active Region of the Merozoite Invasion Ligand EBA-175

1994 • 40 citations

Immune pressure selects for Plasmodium falciparum parasites presenting distinct red blood cell surface antigens and inducing strain-specific protection in Saimiri sciureus monkeys.

1995 • 40 citations

A large multigene family expressed during the erythrocytic schizogony of Plasmodium falciparum

1994 • 39 citations

Cytoadherence and sequestration in falciparum malaria

1989 • 37 citations

Antigenic variation in Plasmodium chabaudi: analysis of parent and variant populations by cloning

1986 • 35 citations

Novel Target Antigens of the Variant-Specific Immune Response toPlasmodium falciparumIdentified by Differential Screening of an Expression Library

1999 • 16 citations

The detergent solubility properties of a malarial (Plasmodium knowlesi) variant antigen expressed on the surface of infected erythrocytes

1984 • 16 citations

Sequestration and its discontents: infected erythrocyte-endothelial cell interactions in Plasmodium falciparum malaria

1993 • 13 citations

A modification in restriction pattern of the Plasmodium falciparum Pf60 multigene family associated with a specific antigenic variation switch in the Palo Alto line.

1997 • 6 citations