Social Experience as a Determinant of Normal Behavior and Drug Effect

The Study of Instinct

1952 • 2,758 citations

PRELIMINARY ANALYSIS OF FUNCTIONS OF THE TEMPORAL LOBES IN MONKEYS

1939 • 1,703 citations

Biology of the Laboratory Mouse

1967 • 1,382 citations

Higher Nervous Functions: The Orienting Reflex

1963 • 1,009 citations

Psychopharmacology. A Review of Progress, 1957-1967

1969 • 844 citations

Behavioral changes associated with ablation of the amygdaloid complex in monkeys.

1956 • 818 citations

Chemical and Anatomical Plasticity of Brain

1964 • 757 citations

NEURO-PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY

1968 • 733 citations

Kinds of aggression and their physiological basis

1968 • 606 citations

The effects of an enriched environment on the histology of the rat cerebral cortex

1964 • 569 citations

Determinants of the specificity of behavioral effects of drugs

2007 • 534 citations

Rearing Complexity Affects Branching of Dendrites in the Visual Cortex of the Rat

1972 • 508 citations

Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry and anatomy: A replication and extension.

1962 • 496 citations

The ?isolation syndrome? in mice

1973 • 417 citations

Infants without Families

1965 • 415 citations

The pharmacological basis of therapeutics

1966 • 412 citations

Increases in cortical depth and glia numbers in rats subjected to enriched environment

1966 • 410 citations

Functional localization within the amygdaloid complex in the cat

1960 • 312 citations

Sleep and the Maturing Nervous System

1972 • 296 citations

Effects of environmental complexity and training on brain chemistry.

1960 • 289 citations

Environmental complexity, cerebral change, and behavior.

1966 • 279 citations

Relations between brain chemistry and problem-solving among rats raised in enriched and impoverished environments.

1962 • 272 citations

Extensive cortical depth measurements and neuron size increases in the cortex of environmentally enriched rats

1967 • 264 citations

Electrical and chemical stimulation of frontotemporal portion of limbic system in the waking animal

1953 • 260 citations

Maternal deprivation: Toward an empirical and conceptual re-evaluation.

1961 • 239 citations

The effects of experimental variations on problem solving in the rat.

1952 • 232 citations

The nature of the effect of free-environmental experience in the rat.

1952 • 213 citations

The Use of Psychosocial Stimuli to Induce Prolonged Systolic Hypertension in Mice

1967 • 211 citations

Neuropsychopharmacology

1976 • 194 citations

Aggregation as a factor influencing the toxicity of sympathomimetic amines in mice.

1946 • 189 citations

MENTAL CONTENTMENT AND PHYSICAL GROWTH

1951 • 185 citations

Rat Brain: Effects of Environmental Enrichment on Wet and Dry Weights

1969 • 183 citations

Effects of differential environments on brain weights and enzyme activities in gerbils, rats, and mice

1969 • 175 citations

Maternal Deprivation: A Critical Review of the Literature

1961 • 173 citations

Visual disturbances after prolonged perceptual isolation.

1956 • 160 citations

The effects of environmental complexity on the histology of the rat hippocampus

1969 • 160 citations

Effects of drugs on the mouse-killing (muricide) test and its relationship to amygdaloid function

1966 • 156 citations

Drugs and Aggressiveness

1967 • 153 citations

Stimulation of the Amvgdaloid Nuclear Comxllex in Unanesthetized Cats

1954 • 149 citations

The effects of early experience on behavior and growth characteristics.

1956 • 137 citations

Disruption of the male rat's sexual behaviour induced by social isolation

1967 • 136 citations

Molecular Approaches to Learning and Memory

1971 • 135 citations

Ataractic suppression of isolation-induced aggressive behavior.

1959 • 129 citations

Behavioral changes following discrete lesions of temporal lobe structures

1958 • 123 citations

Effects of a Few Hours a Day of Enriched Experience on Brain Chemistry and Brain Weights

1968 • 119 citations

Effects of environmental complexity and social groupings upon modification of emotional behavior.

1962 • 117 citations

Psychobiology of Convulsive Therapy

1975 • 114 citations

Stereotyped Behavior of the Infant Chimpanzee

1963 • 110 citations

Influences of environmental complexity and visual stimulation on development of occipital cortex in rat

1969 • 107 citations

Isolation, Reactivity and Aggression: Evidence for an Involvement of Brain Catecholamines and Serotonin

1971 • 106 citations

Factors influencing the toxicity of sympathomimetic amines to solitary mice.

1947 • 103 citations

Effects of basolateral amygdalectomy on three types of avoidance behavior in cats.

1963 • 101 citations

Death Squared: The Explosive Growth and Demise of a Mouse Population

1973 • 101 citations

Comparison of Stress Effects of Perceptual and Social Isolation

1966 • 97 citations

Pharmacological control of aggressive behavior in mice

1967 • 96 citations

Effect of "Tranquilizing" Drugs on Amphetamine Toxicity in Aggregated Mice

1957 • 94 citations

Biochemical and behavioural changes induced by isolation in rats

1972 • 94 citations

Studies of brain weight and RNA content after short periods of exposure to environmental complexity

1970 • 94 citations

Differential Actions of Chlordiazepoxide and Oxazepam on Hostility

1968 • 91 citations

The effects of benzodiazepines on aggression: Reduced or increased?

1973 • 91 citations

New Psychotherapeutic Agent, Chlordiazepoxide

1960 • 90 citations

Effects of isolation and fighting in mice on the rate of synthesis of noradrenaline, dopamine and 5-hydroxytryptamine in the brain

1973 • 86 citations

Exploratory behavior in rats with hippocampal lesions.

1965 • 84 citations

Brain Weight Increases Resulting from Environmental Enrichment: A Directional Dominance in Mice

1970 • 83 citations

The effects of handling before and after weaning on the resistance of albino rats to later deprivation.

1958 • 80 citations

Brain Catecholamines: Relation to the Defense Reaction Evoked by Amygdaloid Stimulation in Cat

1965 • 79 citations

Environmental impoverishment, social isolation and changes in brain chemistry and anatomy

1966 • 79 citations

AN OBSERVATION NURSERY

1941 • 78 citations

Aggression and aggressiveness in laboratory mice

1969 • 76 citations

Effects of early social deprivation on reproductive behavior of male rats.

1969 • 76 citations

Infantile stimulation and adult exploratory behaviour in the rat: Effects of handling upon visual variation-seeking

1967 • 76 citations

The Effect of Early Deprivation on the Social Behavior of Adolescent Chimpanzees

1969 • 74 citations

EFFECTS OF BENZODIAZEPINES ON CENTRAL NERVOUS SYSTEM OF CAT.

1964 • 72 citations

A note on Christie's: "Experimental naiveté and experiential naiveté."

1952 • 71 citations

Effect of amygdalectomy on fear-motivated behavior in rats.

1963 • 71 citations

Pharmacology of methaminodiazepoxide.

1960 • 69 citations

Neural, sensory, and motor functions.

1966 • 68 citations

Clinical handbook of psychopharmacology

1970 • 67 citations

Pharmacology of chlordiazepoxide (Librium).

1961 • 65 citations

Aggressive behavior in the rat. IV. Submission as determined by conditioning, extinction, and disuse.

1946 • 65 citations

Effects of chronic stress and differential environments upon brain weights and biogenic amine levels in rats.

1970 • 65 citations

Excitant and depressant drugs modulate effects of environment on brain weight and cholinesterases

1973 • 62 citations

Brain Mechanisms and Motivation

1970 • 59 citations

Effect of differential environmental enrichment on brain weight and on acetylcholinesterase and cholinesterase activities in mice

1968 • 58 citations

Combined Effects of Chlordiazepoxide and Dexamphetamine on Activity of Rats in an Unfamiliar Environment

1966 • 58 citations

Infantile stimulation and adult exploratory behavior: Effects of handling upon tactual variation seeking.

1967 • 57 citations

Possible memory storage differences among mice reared in environments varying in complexity

1972 • 56 citations

COGNITIVE CHANGES IN THE FEEBLEMINDED1

1954 • 54 citations

EFFECTS OF CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE (LIBRIUM) AND OTHER PSYCHOTROPIC AGENTS ON THE LIMBIC SYSTEM OF THE BRAIN

1962 • 53 citations

The Role of Intuition

1967 • 53 citations

Differences in locomotor activity and brain-serotonin metabolism in differentially housed mice.

1968 • 53 citations

The Influence of Environmental Changes on the Cardiotoxicity of Isoprenaline in Rats

1962 • 51 citations

Perceptual Phenomena and Personality in Sensory Deprivation

1968 • 50 citations

Institutionalization and the effectiveness of social reinforcement: A three-year follow-up study.

1963 • 50 citations

Early environmental enrichment and mouse behavior.

1970 • 50 citations

Mortality of albino rats under stress as a function of early handling.

1953 • 50 citations

PERSONALITY FACTORS IN VARIABILITY OF RESPONSE TO PHENOTHIAZINES

1965 • 50 citations

Sex and race differences in response to drug treatment among schizophrenics

1966 • 49 citations

Genotype-dependent effects of d-amphetamine sulphate and caffeine on escape-avoidance behavior of rats.

1971 • 48 citations

The Effects of Extreme Deprivation in Infancy on Psychic Structure in Adolescence

1950 • 47 citations

Aggressive Behavior Evoked by Radio Stimulation in Monkey Colonies

1966 • 46 citations

An exploratory study of the effect of social isolation variables on the sexual behaviour of male guinea pigs

1963 • 45 citations

Dependence to morphine in differentially housed rats

1975 • 45 citations

Amphetamine toxity in aggressive mice

1965 • 44 citations

SENSORY DEPRIVATION AND SCHIZOPHRENIA: SOME CLINICAL AND THEORETICAL SIMILARITIES

1959 • 44 citations

The exploratory behaviour in normal and aggressive mice

1969 • 43 citations

Effect of sustained low doses of diazepam on aggression and mortality in grouped male mice.

1969 • 43 citations

Increased aggression among grouped male mice fed chlordiazepoxide

1970 • 42 citations

Norepinephrine turnover and brain monoamine levels in aggressive mouse-killing rats

1969 • 42 citations

S<scp>ection of</scp> P<scp>sychology</scp>: SOME NEUROCHEMICAL CORRELATES OF ALTERED MEMORY CONSOLIDATION*,†

1970 • 41 citations

Long-term Isolation in Rats reduces Morphine Response

1970 • 41 citations

METHAMINODIAZEPOXIDE

1960 • 40 citations

Behavioral and somatic development following lesions of the amygdala in the cat

1965 • 40 citations

ASSESSING THE INFLUENCE OF THE HOSPITAL MILIEU UPON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PSYCHIATRIC DRUG THERAPY

1963 • 39 citations

Comparative Effects of Oxazepam in “High” and “Low” Anxious Student Volunteers

1965 • 38 citations

Studies in Sensory Deprivation

1963 • 38 citations

The structure of psychological processes in relation to cerebral organization

1970 • 38 citations

Behavioral effects of environmental enrichment in randomly bred mice.

1973 • 37 citations

Effects of amygdalectomy and testosterone on sexual behavior of male juvenile macaques.

1968 • 37 citations

The effects of isolation on sexual and social behavior in the rat

1973 • 36 citations

Psychotropic drugs and induced hostility.

1969 • 35 citations

Differential activity of some psychotropic drugs as a function of emotional level in animals

1971 • 34 citations

Ego-autonomy in sensory deprivation, isolation, and stress.

1962 • 34 citations

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE FOR CALMING ZOO ANIMALS

1961 • 34 citations

Interaction of environmental enrichment and genotype.

1972 • 33 citations

The development of activity differences in isolated and aggregated mice

1966 • 33 citations

Effects of Severe Isolation on "Normal" Juvenile Chimpanzees

1966 • 33 citations

Decreased potency of CNS depressants after prolonged social isolation in mice

1969 • 32 citations

Morphine analgesia in grouped and isolated rats

1975 • 32 citations

Experimental naïveté and experiential naïveté.

1951 • 32 citations

Normal and aberrant copulatory behaviour in male rats (R. norvegicus) reared in isolation

1965 • 31 citations

Drug-Personality Interaction in Intensive Outpatient Treatment

1970 • 31 citations

Neurochemical effects of imipramine and amphetamine in aggressive mouse-killing (muricidal) rats

1970 • 31 citations

Further aspects of the exploratory behaviour in aggressive mice

1971 • 30 citations

Increased aggression and toxicity in grouped male mice treated with tranquilizing benzodiazepines

1971 • 29 citations

Sensitivity of aggressive mice to centrally acting drugs

1965 • 29 citations

BIOLOGICAL PSYCHIATRY

1953 • 27 citations

The doctor‐patient relationship and drug effect

1972 • 27 citations

The influence of differing institutional social climates on the effectiveness of social reinforcement in the mentally retarded.

1965 • 27 citations

Brain weight changes resulting from enriched rearing conditions: A diallel analysis

1973 • 27 citations

Electrical stimulation of the limbic system of brain (visceral brain) in the waking animals.

1956 • 27 citations

Extrinsic Factors Influencing Responses to Psychotherapeutic Drugs

1969 • 26 citations

THE ROLE OF INPUT RELEVANCE IN SENSORY ISOLATION

1966 • 25 citations

INFLUENCE OF PERSONALITY TYPE ON DRUG RESPONSE

1966 • 25 citations

Chlordiazepoxide, expectation and hostility

1969 • 25 citations

An examination of the effects of stimulant and depressant drugs on escape/avoidance conditioning in strains of rats selectively bred for emotionality/non-emotionality

1969 • 23 citations

Comparison of liver microsome enzyme systems and barbiturate sleep times in rats caged individually or communally

1970 • 23 citations

Drug Therapy, Milieu Change, and Release from a Mental Hospital

1959 • 22 citations

Maternal care during infancy: Its effect on weight gain and mortality in the chimpanzee.

1961 • 22 citations

Effects of an enriched environment on amino acid incorporation into rat brain sub-cellular fractions in vivo

1972 • 21 citations

Variation in effects of chlorpromazine in three strains of mice

1966 • 21 citations

Different sensitivity to amphetamine of three strains of mice

1969 • 21 citations

Decrease in N–acetyl–<scp>l</scp>–aspartic acid in brain of aggressive mice*

1968 • 20 citations

EFFECTS OF ENVIRONMENTAL COMPLEXITY ON AMINO ACID INCORPORATION INTO RAT CORTEX AND HIPPOCAMPUS IN VIVO

1972 • 19 citations

Changes In Cholinergic Activity and Avoidance Behavior By Nicotine In Differentially Housed Mice

1971 • 19 citations

Effect of isolation on some behavioral characteristics in three strains of mice.

1974 • 18 citations

Neurochemical changes associated with isolation and environmental stimulation.

1971 • 18 citations

Effects of Heredity and Environment on Brain Chemistry, Brain Anatomy, and Learning Ability in the Rat1

1973 • 17 citations

The effects of different doses of methylpentynol on escape/avoidance conditioning in two strains of rats selectively bred for high and low ?emotionality?

1966 • 17 citations

Effect of a chemically depressed amygdala on the behavioral manifestations produced in cats by LSD-25

1965 • 16 citations

Increased aggression among grouped male mice fed nitrazepam and flurazepam

1972 • 16 citations

Effects of social groupings upon emotional behaviour

1964 • 15 citations

Learning and Memory in Baboons with Bilateral Lesions of Frontal or Inferotemporal Cortex

1967 • 15 citations

Changes in Behaviour with Repeated Testing under the Influence of Drugs: Drug-experience Interactions

1970 • 15 citations

Effects of selected drugs on stimulus-bound emotional behavior elicited by hypothalamic stimulation in the cat.

1970 • 15 citations

The Activity of Some Neuroleptic Drugs and Amphetamine in Normal and Isolated Rats

1973 • 14 citations

Environmental influences upon drug-induced suppression of operant behavior.

1971 • 14 citations

Drug-personality interaction in the learning of a nonsense syllable task

1965 • 13 citations

Persistence of a drug-personality interaction in psychiatric outpatients

1970 • 13 citations

Psycho-Endocrine Effects of Perceptual and Social Isolation

1966 • 13 citations

The role of personality variables in response to chlorpromazine, dextroamphetamine and placebo

1967 • 12 citations

Effect of partial destruction of the amygdaloid complex on the emotional-defensive behaviour of dogs.

1965 • 12 citations

Scopolamine effects dependent upon pretreatment level of emotionality in the rat

1973 • 12 citations

Excitability and the origin of life: A hypothesis

1965 • 12 citations

Effects of isolation and environmental complexity on brain and pineal organ

1969 • 11 citations

Effects of post-weaning enrichment and isolation upon emotionality and brain weight in the mouse

1969 • 11 citations

Isolation-induced facilitation of gastric ulcerogenesis in mice

1966 • 11 citations

The indeterminacies of the brain.

1968 • 10 citations

FACTORS INFLUENCING THE CLINICAL RESPONSES OF SCHIZOPHRENIC PATIENTS TO PHENOTHIAZINE DRUGS AND TO PLACEBO.

1964 • 10 citations

Current Biochemical Approaches to Learning and Memory

1974 • 9 citations

Effects of environmental enrichment and environmental deprivation on cognitive functioning in institutionalized retardates.

1967 • 8 citations

Effects of psychotropic drugs on normal man.

1969 • 8 citations

The Indeterminacies of the Brain

1968 • 7 citations

Contributions of Differential Housing to Brain Development: Some Implications for Sleep Behavior**Supported in part by a grant from NICHD (HD-03493).

1972 • 7 citations

Specific and Non-Specific Factors in Psychopharmacology

1964 • 7 citations

Environmental influences upon morphine or d-amphetamine induced suppression of operant behavior

1973 • 6 citations

Instability of the central nervous system

1969 • 5 citations

A General Theory for the Evolution of Intelligent Behaviour

1965 • 5 citations

Influencing the rate of mental growth in retarded children through environmental stimulation.

2006 • 5 citations

Neurophysiological studies with monoamine oxidase inhibitors.

1960 • 5 citations

The maintenance of the ego: implications of sensory deprivation research for psychoanalytic ego psychology

1967 • 4 citations

Personal Differences in Perceptual Deprivation

1968 • 4 citations

The action of the drug prenylamine (Segontin) on exploratory activity in strains of rats selectively bred for differences in emotionality

1968 • 4 citations

Hallucinations insensory deprivation. (Method or madness?).

1967 • 2 citations

DRUGS AND PERSONALITY.

1964 • 2 citations

The disturbances of higher nervous activity preceding aggression of prisoners.

1969 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations