Pursuing the big questions about interspecific mutualism: a review of theoretical approaches

The Evolution of Cooperation

1981 • 20,191 citations

THE MAJOR TRANSITIONS OF EVOLUTION

1995 • 3,220 citations

Competition and Biodiversity in Spatially Structured Habitats

1994 • 2,724 citations

The Major Transitions in Evolution

1997 • 2,625 citations

The struggle for existence

1934 • 2,430 citations

THE EVOLUTION OF ECOLOGICAL SPECIALIZATION

1988 • 2,146 citations

The Coevolutionary Process

1994 • 2,084 citations

Functioning of mycorrhizal associations along the mutualism–parasitism continuum*

1997 • 1,894 citations

Generalization in Pollination Systems, and Why it Matters

1996 • 1,871 citations

ENDANGERED MUTUALISMS: The Conservation of Plant-Pollinator Interactions

1998 • 1,757 citations

WHEN IS IT COEVOLUTION?

1980 • 855 citations

Food Webs: Integration of Patterns and Dynamics.

1997 • 808 citations

Patterns of Mutualistic Interactions in Pollination and Seed Dispersal: Connectance, Dependence Asymmetries, and Coevolution

1987 • 771 citations

DIFFERENT ARBUSCULAR MYCORRHIZAL FUNGAL SPECIES ARE POTENTIAL DETERMINANTS OF PLANT COMMUNITY STRUCTURE

1998 • 753 citations

Coinfection and the evolution of parasite virulence

1995 • 750 citations

Fungal Endophytes of Grasses

1990 • 620 citations

Our Current Understanding of Mutualism

1994 • 547 citations

Distinguishing mechanisms for the evolution of co-operation

1991 • 502 citations

The Dynamics of Multiple Infection and the Evolution of Virulence

1995 • 467 citations

Transmission Modes and Evolution of the Parasitism‐Mutualism Continuuma

1987 • 465 citations

The evolution of interspecific mutualisms

1998 • 457 citations

Variation Among Floral Visitors in Pollination Ability: A Precondition for Mutualism Specialization

1984 • 457 citations

The Evolution of Virulence in Parasites and Pathogens: Reconciliation Between Two Competing Hypotheses

1994 • 414 citations

Population Structure and the Evolution of Virulence in Nematode Parasites of Fig Wasps

1993 • 410 citations

Evolutionary stability of mutualism between yuccas and yucca moths

1994 • 399 citations

A game-theoretical model of parasite virulence

1983 • 387 citations

The evolution of cooperation in mobile organisms

1993 • 338 citations

COSTS OF INDUCED RESPONSES AND TOLERANCE TO HERBIVORY IN MALE AND FEMALE FITNESS COMPONENTS OF WILD RADISH

1999 • 327 citations

The Biology of Symbiosis

1987 • 279 citations

Development of cooperative relationships through increasing investment

1998 • 274 citations

The Benefits of Mutualism: A Conceptual Framework

1995 • 254 citations

A Critical Assessment of Levins's The Strategy of Model Building in Population Biology (1966)

1993 • 238 citations

Mutualism with Pollinating Seed Parasites Amid Co‐Pollinators: Constraints on Specialization

1992 • 230 citations

Mutualism and Parasitism: Diversity in Function and Structure in the “Arbuscular” (VA) Mycorrhizal Symbiosis

1996 • 229 citations

The Market Effect: an Explanation for Pay‐off Asymmetries among Collaborating Animals

1991 • 228 citations

TRAIT-MEDIATED INDIRECT INTERACTIONS IN A SIMPLE AQUATIC FOOD WEB

1997 • 221 citations

A veto game played by baboons: a challenge to the use of the Prisoner's Dilemma as a paradigm for reciprocity and cooperation

1990 • 212 citations

Constraints on the Evolution of Mutualisms

1984 • 209 citations

Superinfection, Metapopulation Dynamics, and the Evolution of Diversity

1994 • 206 citations

Variable investment, the Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma, and the origin of cooperation

1999 • 205 citations

SPECIALIZATION AND RESOURCE TRADE: BIOLOGICAL MARKETS AS A MODEL OF MUTUALISMS

1998 • 198 citations

Rover: A Strategy for Exploiting Cooperators in a Patchy Environment

1991 • 195 citations

Spatiotemporal Variation in Insect Mutualists of a Neotropical Herb

1990 • 184 citations

Vertical Transmission and Evolution of Mutualism from Parasitism

1993 • 178 citations

Density‐Dependent Mutualism in an Aphid‐Ant Interaction

1992 • 148 citations

5. Renewing the Dialogue between Theory and Experiments in Population Ecology

1989 • 147 citations

Alternative Defenses against Herbivores in Inga (Fabaceae: Mimosoideae) over an Elevational Gradient

1985 • 137 citations

Multiple predator effects on size‐dependent behavior and mortality of two species of anuran larvae

2000 • 134 citations

The Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma: I. Linear Reactive Strategies

1999 • 130 citations

Competition Among Ants for Myrmecophytes and the Significance of Plant Trichomes

1989 • 129 citations

Plant Fitness Variation Caused by Different Mutualist Genotypes

1995 • 123 citations

ECOLOGICAL COSTS OF PLANT RESISTANCE TO HERBIVORES IN THE CURRENCY OF POLLINATION

1999 • 119 citations

Evolution of Mutualistic Symbiosis without Vertical Transmission

1999 • 93 citations

The Continuous Prisoner's Dilemma: II. Linear Reactive Strategies with Noise

1999 • 84 citations

Models of Some Ant-Plant Mutualisms

1980 • 79 citations

Sources of variation in pollinator contribution within a guild: the effects of plant and pollinator factors

1996 • 71 citations

Evolution of mutualistic symbiosis: A differential equation model

1996 • 69 citations

The Stability and Persistence of Mutualisms Embedded in Community Interactions

1996 • 64 citations

Reciprocity and communication of partner quality

1997 • 39 citations

14. Challenges and Opportunities for Empirical Evaluation of "Spatial Theory"

1998 • 37 citations

The ecology of ectomycorrhiza formation and functioning

1994 • 33 citations

Genetic consequences of specialization: yucca moth behavior and self-pollination in yuccas

1997 • 27 citations

Investigating the Disparity in Host Specificity between AM and EM Fungi: Lessons from Theory and Better-Studied Systems

1999 • 26 citations

The Pure Theory of International Trade.

1974 • 17 citations

Economics of International Trade

1946 • 4 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations