Analysis of Tat transactivation of human immunodeficiency virus transcription in vitro.

Isolation of a T-Lymphotropic Retrovirus from a Patient at Risk for Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)

1983 • 6,811 citations

Frequent Detection and Isolation of Cytopathic Retroviruses (HTLV-III) from Patients with AIDS and at Risk for AIDS

1984 • 3,647 citations

An inducible transcription factor activates expression of human immunodeficiency virus in T cells

1987 • 2,149 citations

Isolation of Lymphocytopathic Retroviruses from San Francisco Patients with AIDS

1984 • 1,429 citations

DNA-dependent transcription of adenovirus genes in a soluble whole-cell extract.

1980 • 1,285 citations

Interaction of a gene-specific transcription factor with the adenovirus major late promoter upstream of the TATA box region

1985 • 1,244 citations

Five intermediate complexes in transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II

1989 • 1,033 citations

Anti-termination of transcription within the long terminal repeat of HIV-1 by tat gene product

1987 • 902 citations

Tat protein of HIV-1 stimulates growth of cells derived from Kaposi's sarcoma lesions of AIDS patients

1990 • 899 citations

Trans -Activator Gene of Human T-Lymphotropic Virus Type III (HTLV-III)

1985 • 872 citations

The location of cis-acting regulatory sequences in the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III (HTLV-III/LAV) long terminal repeat

1985 • 825 citations

Activation of the AIDS Retrovirus Promoter by the Cellular Transcription Factor, Sp1

1986 • 741 citations

Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus occurs via a bimodal mechanism

1986 • 730 citations

Regulation of mRNA accumulation by a human immunodeficiency virus trans-activator protein

1987 • 672 citations

The trans-activator gene of HTLV-III is essential for virus replication

1986 • 635 citations

Direct and selective binding of an acidic transcriptional activation domain to the TATA-box factor TFIID

1990 • 620 citations

The trans-activator gene of the human T cell lymphotropic virus type III is required for replication

1986 • 615 citations

Activators and targets

1990 • 582 citations

HIV-1 Tat protein increases transcriptional initiation and stabilizes elongation

1989 • 577 citations

Location of the Trans -Activating Region on the Genome of Human T-Cell Lymphotropic Virus Type III

1985 • 558 citations

Mechanism of action of an acidic transcriptional activator in vitro

1991 • 557 citations

HIV-1 tat trans-activation requires the loop sequence within tar

1988 • 551 citations

Transcription factor ATF interacts with the TATA factor to facilitate establishment of a preinitiation complex

1988 • 488 citations

Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: purification, genetic specificity, and TATA box-promoter interactions of TFIID.

1988 • 477 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus 1 tat protein binds trans-activation-responsive region (TAR) RNA in vitro.

1989 • 472 citations

The same inducible nuclear proteins regulates mitogen activation of both the interleukin-2 receptor-alpha gene and type 1 HIV

1988 • 427 citations

Binding of general transcription factor TFIIB to an acidic activating region

1991 • 377 citations

Reduced binding of TFIID to transcriptionally compromised mutants of VP16

1991 • 362 citations

The role of Tat in the human immunodeficiency virus life cycle indicates a primary effect on transcriptional elongation.

1991 • 360 citations

Structure, sequence, and position of the stem-loop in tar determine transcriptional elongation by tat through the HIV-1 long terminal repeat.

1989 • 357 citations

Post-transcriptional regulation accounts for the trans-activation of the human T-lymphotropic virus type III

1986 • 325 citations

Physical Analysis of Transcription Preinitiation Complex Assembly on a Class II Gene Promoter

1988 • 320 citations

Elevated levels of mRNA can account for the trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus.

1986 • 303 citations

HIV-1 Tat protein promotes formation of more-processive elongation complexes.

1991 • 295 citations

Mechanism of action of a yeast activator: Direct effect of GAL4 derivatives on mammalian TFIID-promoter interactions

1988 • 286 citations

Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II. Purification and functional analysis of initiation factors IIB and IIE.

1987 • 278 citations

HIV-1 Tat protein trans-activates transcription in vitro

1990 • 277 citations

Expression and Characterization of the Trans -Activator of HTLV-III/LAV Virus

1986 • 276 citations

Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 LTR TATA and TAR region sequences required for transcriptional regulation.

1989 • 275 citations

A discrete element 3' of human immunodeficiency virus 1 (HIV-1) and HIV-2 mRNA initiation sites mediates transcriptional activation by an HIV trans activator.

1988 • 270 citations

Factors involved in specific transcription by mammalian RNA polymerase II: role of transcription factors IIA, IID, and IIB during formation of a transcription-competent complex.

1990 • 255 citations

TAR-independent activation of the HIV-1 LTR: Evidence that Tat requires specific regions of the promoter

1990 • 253 citations

Trans-activation of human immunodeficiency virus gene expression is mediated by nuclear events.

1987 • 246 citations

Trans-activation by HIV-1 Tat via a heterologous RNA binding protein

1990 • 236 citations

The transition of RNA polymerase II from initiation to elongation is associated with phosphorylation of the carboxyl-terminal domain of subunit IIa

1989 • 236 citations

Mutational analysis of the trans-activation-responsive region of the human immunodeficiency virus type I long terminal repeat

1988 • 235 citations

Functional steps in transcription initiation and reinitiation from the major late promoter in a HeLa nuclear extract.

1987 • 228 citations

Transcription elongation and eukaryotic gene regulation.

1990 • 227 citations

trans activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 is sequence specific for both the single-stranded bulge and loop of the trans-acting-responsive hairpin: a quantitative analysis

1989 • 224 citations

Promoter specificity and modulation of RNA polymerase II transcription

1989 • 221 citations

The HIV-1 Tat protein: An RNA sequence-specific processivity factor?

1990 • 220 citations

The HIV-1 Tat protein activates transcription from an upstream DNA-binding site: implications for Tat function.

1991 • 217 citations

Identification and characterization of a HeLa nuclear protein that specifically binds to the trans-activation-response (TAR) element of human immunodeficiency virus.

1990 • 217 citations

The NF-kappa B binding sites in the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat are not required for virus infectivity

1989 • 215 citations

Human herpes virus-6 increases HIV-1 expression in co-infected T cells via nuclear factors binding to the HIV-1 enhancer.

1989 • 205 citations

Purification of the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer and TAR binding proteins EBP-1 and UBP-1.

1988 • 201 citations

Activation of double-stranded RNA-dependent kinase (dsl) by the TAR region of HIV-1 mRNA: A novel translational control mechanism

1989 • 196 citations

HIV-1 Tat acts as a processivity factor in vitro in conjunction with cellular elongation factors.

1992 • 195 citations

Functional domains required for tat-induced transcriptional activation of the HIV-1 long terminal repeat.

1988 • 193 citations

Activation of transcription by HIV-1 Tat protein tethered to nascent RNA through another protein

1990 • 192 citations

Site-Directed Mutagenesis of Two Trans-Regulatory Genes ( tat -III, trs ) of HIV-1

1988 • 180 citations

Phosphorylation of RNA polymerase IIA occurs subsequent to interaction with the promoter and before the initiation of transcription.

1990 • 178 citations

The small subunit of transcription factor IIF recruits RNA polymerase II into the preinitiation complex.

1991 • 178 citations

The pseudorabies immediate early protein stimulates in vitro transcription by facilitating TFIID: promoter interactions.

1988 • 176 citations

Mutational analysis of the 5′ non-coding region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1: effects of secondary structure on translation.

1988 • 168 citations

Transcriptional but not translational regulation of HIV-1 by the tat gene product

1988 • 158 citations

Structural requirements for trans activation of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat-directed gene expression by tat: importance of base pairing, loop sequence, and bulges in the tat-responsive sequence

1990 • 142 citations

HIV-1 TAT “activates” presynthesized RNA in the nucleus

1989 • 135 citations

Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in vitro. Properties of preinitiation, initiation, and elongation complexes.

1987 • 132 citations

Promoter specificity of basal transcription factors

1992 • 131 citations

In vitro formation of short RNA polymerase II transcripts that terminate within the HIV-1 and HIV-2 promoter-proximal downstream regions.

1989 • 130 citations

Specific binding of a HeLa cell nuclear protein to RNA sequences in the human immunodeficiency virus transactivating region.

1989 • 121 citations

Synergy between HIV-1 Tat and adenovirus E1A is principally due to stabilization of transcriptional elongation.

1990 • 114 citations

HIV-1 tat gene induces tumor necrosis factor-beta (lymphotoxin) in a human B-lymphoblastoid cell line

1990 • 111 citations

Stability of transcription complexes on class II genes.

1989 • 105 citations

Direct evidence for translational regulation by leader RNA and Tat protein of human immunodeficiency virus type 1.

1990 • 96 citations

Variable role of the long terminal repeat Sp1-binding sites in human immunodeficiency virus replication in T lymphocytes

1991 • 90 citations

RNA polymerase II-associated proteins are required for a DNA conformation change in the transcription initiation complex.

1991 • 86 citations

A nuclear translational block imposed by the HIV-1 U3 region is relieved by the Tat-TAR interaction

1990 • 86 citations

Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase II in vitro. At least two nucleotides must be added to form a stable ternary complex.

1987 • 79 citations

A plant DNA-binding protein increases the number of active preinitiation complexes in a human in vitro transcription system.

1990 • 78 citations

Binding of a host cell nuclear protein to the stem region of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 trans-activation-responsive RNA

1992 • 68 citations

TGA1a, a tobacco DNA-binding protein, increases the rate of preinitiation complex formation in a plant in vitro transcription system [corrected]

1990 • 68 citations

Regulation of the human neurotropic virus promoter by JCV-T antigen and HIV-1 tat protein.

1990 • 64 citations

Transcriptional activation from the long-terminal repeat of human immunodeficiency virus in Vitro

1990 • 53 citations

Interaction of enhancer-binding protein EBP1 (NF-kappa B) with the human immunodeficiency virus type 1 enhancer

1990 • 40 citations

Activity of synthetic tat peptides in human immunodeficiency virus type 1 long terminal repeat-promoted transcription in a cell-free system.

1990 • 37 citations

Synthesis of functional human immunodeficiency virus tat protein in baculovirus as determined by a cell-cell fusion assay

1988 • 23 citations

Sequences within the R region of the long terminal repeat activate basal transcription from the HIV-1 promoter.

1992 • 16 citations