The release of transforming growth factor-beta following haemorrhage: its role as a mediator of host immunosuppression.

The Transforming Growth Factor-beta Family

1990 • 3,028 citations

Wound Macrophages Express TGF-α and Other Growth Factors in Vivo: Analysis by mRNA Phenotyping

1988 • 1,107 citations

The transforming growth factor-β system, a complex pattern of cross-reactive ligands and receptors

1987 • 710 citations

Growth of a cloned helper T cell line induced by a monoclonal antibody specific for the antigen receptor: interleukin 1 is required for the expression of receptors for interleukin 2.

1984 • 529 citations

Inflammatory and immunomodulatory roles of TGF-β

1989 • 450 citations

Alpha and beta human transforming growth factors stimulate prostaglandin production and bone resorption in cultured mouse calvaria.

1985 • 382 citations

Hemorrhage Without Tissue Trauma Produces Immunosuppression and Enhances Susceptibility to Sepsis

1987 • 220 citations

Hemorrhage induces an increase in serum TNF which is not associated with elevated levels of endotoxin

1990 • 186 citations

Regulatory effects of transforming growth factor-beta on IL-2- and IL-4-dependent T cell-cycle progression.

1990 • 159 citations

Role of elevated monocyte transforming growth factor? (TGF?) production in posttrauma immunosuppression

1991 • 109 citations

Differential effects of hemorrhage on kupffer cells: decreased antigen presentation despite increased inflammatory cytokine (IL-1, IL-6 and TNF) release

1992 • 101 citations

Defective macrophage antigen presentation following haemorrhage is associated with the loss of MHC class II (Ia) antigens.

1990 • 95 citations

Hemorrhage produces abnormalities in lymphocyte function and lymphokine generation.

1989 • 94 citations

Bacterial cell wall-induced immunosuppression. Role of transforming growth factor beta.

1988 • 93 citations

Diltiazem restores IL-2, IL-3, IL-6, and IFN-γ synthesis and decreases host susceptibility to sepsis following hemorrhage

1991 • 91 citations

Pathologic concentrations of interleukin 6 inhibit T cell responses via induction of activation of TGF‐β

1991 • 89 citations

Hemorrhage induces enhanced Kupffer cell cytotoxicity while decreasing peritoneal or splenic macrophage capacity. Involvement of cell-associated tumor necrosis factor and reactive nitrogen.

1991 • 77 citations

Enhanced Susceptibility to Sepsis After Simple Hemorrhage

1990 • 70 citations

Transforming growth factor-β stimulation of lung fibroblast prostaglandin E2 production

1989 • 66 citations

Blockade of Prostaglandin Production Increases Cachectin Synthesis and Prevents Depression of Macrophage Functions After Hemorrhagic Shock

1991 • 62 citations

Anti-TNF monoclonal antibodies prevent haemorrhage-induced suppression of Kupffer cell antigen presentation and MHC class II antigen expression.

1991 • 46 citations

Cellular and humoral bases of hemorrhage-induced [depression of lymphocyte function

1986 • 38 citations

Chloroquine Attenuates Hemorrhagic Shock—Induced Immunosuppression and Decreases Susceptibility to Sepsis

1992 • 35 citations

IL-1 alpha induces expression of active transforming growth factor-beta in nonproliferating T cells via a post-transcriptional mechanism.

1990 • 34 citations

Immune Enhancement by Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Improves Antibiotic Efficacy after Hemorrhagic Shock

1989 • 19 citations

Decreased Fc Receptor Expression on Macrophages Following Simple Hemorrhage as Observed by Scanning Immunoelectron Microscopy

1990 • 15 citations