Human Reactions to Uncontrollable Outcomes: Further Evidence for Superstitions Rather than Helplessness:

Learned helplessness in humans: Critique and reformulation.

1978 • 6,706 citations

The illusion of control.

1975 • 3,645 citations

Learned helplessness: Theory and evidence.

1976 • 2,255 citations

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

1967 • 1,860 citations

Superstition in the pigeon.

1948 • 1,383 citations

Judgment of contingency in depressed and nondepressed students: Sadder but wiser?

1979 • 1,340 citations

Generality of learned helplessness in man.

1975 • 865 citations

CONTINGENCY SPACES AND MEASURES IN CLASSICAL AND INSTRUMENTAL CONDITIONING¹

1974 • 253 citations

Poor performance following unsolvable problems: Learned helplessness or egotism?

1978 • 238 citations

Some determinants of perceived control.

1975 • 194 citations

Long-term interference effect: An alternative to learned helplessness.

1976 • 178 citations

Long-term and transitory interference effects.

1976 • 155 citations

Detecting Response-Outcome Relations: Toward an Understanding of the Causal Texture of the Environment

1990 • 142 citations

EXPERIMENTAL CONTROL OF SUPERSTITIOUS RESPONDING IN HUMANS¹

1963 • 139 citations

When cognitive exertion does not yield cognitive gain: toward an informational explanation of learned helplessness.

1990 • 122 citations

The effects of restraint and noncontingent preshock on subsequent escape learning in the rat

1974 • 109 citations

Learned Helplessness and Superstitious Behavior as Opposite Effects of Uncontrollable Reinforcement in Humans

1994 • 103 citations

COLLATERAL BEHAVIOR IN HUMANS¹

1961 • 90 citations

A critical evaluation of the learned helplessness model of depression.

1978 • 81 citations

Learned helplessness as experimenter-induced failure and its alleviation with attentional redeployment.

1980 • 70 citations

Probability learning with noncontingent success

1969 • 66 citations

Revisión crítica de la adaptación castellana del cuestionario de Beck

1976 • 55 citations

Action, control judgments, and the structure of control experience.

1985 • 52 citations

Repeated failure: A source of helplessness or a factor irrelevant to its emergence?

1989 • 37 citations

Consistency and complexity of response sequences as a function of schedules of noncontingent reward.

1962 • 34 citations

Does helplessness cause depression, or do only depressed people become helpless? Comment on Alloy and Abramson.

1981 • 16 citations

Helplessness, illusions, and depression: Final comment.

1981 • 3 citations