Dopamine genes and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder: a review.

Hyperlocomotion and indifference to cocaine and amphetamine in mice lacking the dopamine transporter

1996 • 2,452 citations

Effect of COMT Val ^108/158 Met genotype on frontal lobe function and risk for schizophrenia

2001 • 2,408 citations

Comorbidity of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder with conduct, depressive, anxiety, and other disorders

1991 • 1,739 citations

Images of mind

1994 • 1,181 citations

Association of attention-deficit disorder and the dopamine transporter gene.

1995 • 1,023 citations

Multiple dopamine D4 receptor variants in the human population

1992 • 967 citations

Modulation of Intracellular Cyclic AMP Levels by Different Human Dopamine D4 Receptor Variants

1995 • 859 citations

Catechol- O -methyltransferase-deficient mice exhibit sexually dimorphic changes in catecholamine levels and behavior

1998 • 859 citations

Neurobiology of attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

1998 • 815 citations

D1 receptors in prefrontal cells and circuits

2000 • 804 citations

Meta-Analysis of the Association Between the 7-Repeat Allele of the Dopamine D₄ Receptor Gene and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2001 • 754 citations

Volumetric MRI analysis comparing subjects having attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder with normal controls

1997 • 746 citations

Human dopamine transporter gene (DAT1) maps to chromosome 5p15.3 and displays a VNTR

1992 • 718 citations

Dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphism is associated with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder.

1996 • 684 citations

Parkinsonian-like locomotor impairment in mice lacking dopamine D2 receptors

1995 • 649 citations

Haplotype relative risks: an easy reliable way to construct a proper control sample for risk calculations

1987 • 630 citations

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and hyperkinetic disorder

2001 • 567 citations

The transmission/disequilibrium test: history, subdivision, and admixture.

1995 • 555 citations

Genotype Influences In Vivo Dopamine Transporter Availability in Human Striatum

2000 • 550 citations

Enhanced and Impaired Attentional Performance After Infusion of D1 Dopaminergic Receptor Agents into Rat Prefrontal Cortex

2000 • 542 citations

Epidemiology of Adhd in School-Age Children

2000 • 523 citations

Dopamine D1 receptor mutant mice are deficient in striatal expression of dynorphin and in dopamine-mediated behavioral responses

1994 • 490 citations

Mice Lacking Dopamine D4 Receptors Are Supersensitive to Ethanol, Cocaine, and Methamphetamine

1997 • 480 citations

A targeted mutation of the D3 dopamine receptor gene is associated with hyperactivity in mice.

1996 • 473 citations

Cloning, pharmacological characterization, and chromosome assignment of the human dopamine transporter.

1992 • 467 citations

Association and Linkage of the Dopamine Transporter Gene and Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder in Children: Heterogeneity owing to Diagnostic Subtype and Severity

1998 • 467 citations

Prevalence and Assessment of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in Primary Care Settings

2001 • 455 citations

Dopamine genes and ADHD

2000 • 454 citations

The world-wide distribution of allele frequencies at the human dopamine D4 receptor locus

1996 • 432 citations

Toward a Pathophysiology of Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivint Disorder

1997 • 399 citations

Mapping susceptibility loci in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: preferential transmission of parental alleles at DAT1, DBH and DRD5 to affected children

1999 • 390 citations

Association of the dopamine receptor D4 (DRD4) gene with a refined phenotype of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): a family-based approach

1998 • 383 citations

Global variation in the frequencies of functionally different catechol-O-methyltransferase alleles

1999 • 371 citations

Linkage disequilibrium mapping of complex disease: fantasy or reality?

1998 • 366 citations

Genomic organization of the human catechol O‐methyltransferase gene and its expression from two distinct promoters

1994 • 332 citations

Association of codon 108/158 catechol-O-methyltransferase gene polymorphism with the psychiatric manifestations of velo-cardio-facial syndrome

1996 • 308 citations

A Genomewide Scan for Loci Involved in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

2002 • 299 citations

Examination of DSM-IV Criteria for Attention Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder in a County-Wide Sample

1998 • 296 citations

Chromosomal mapping of the human catechol-O-methyltransferase gene to 22q11.1→q11.2

1992 • 295 citations

Studies of the 48 bp repeat polymorphism of theDRD4 gene in impulsive, compulsive, addictive behaviors: Tourette syndrome, ADHD, pathological gambling, and substance abuse

1999 • 291 citations

Prediction of Dopamine Transporter Binding Availability by Genotype: A Preliminary Report

2000 • 279 citations

Attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder children with a 7-repeat allele of the dopamine receptor D4 gene have extreme behavior but normal performance on critical neuropsychological tests of attention

2000 • 272 citations

Polygenic inheritance of Tourette syndrome, stuttering, attention deficit hyperactivity, conduct, and oppositional defiant disorder: The additive and subtractive effect of the three dopaminergic genes—DRD2, DβH, and DAT1

1996 • 271 citations

Association of the Dopamine Transporter Gene (DAT1) With Poor Methylphenidate Response

1999 • 256 citations

High Midbrain [¹⁸F]DOPA Accumulation in Children With Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1999 • 252 citations

Tests and estimates of allelic association in complex inheritance

1998 • 250 citations

Dopamine D₄ Gene 7-Repeat Allele and Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

1999 • 243 citations

Dopamine D4 receptor repeat: analysis of different native and mutant forms of the human and rat genes.

1994 • 238 citations

Proposed Schizophrenia-Related Gene Polymorphism: Expression of the Ser9Gly Mutant Human Dopamine D3Receptor with the Semliki Forest Virus System

1996 • 233 citations

Attention-deficit disorders and comorbidities in children, adolescents, and adults

2000 • 222 citations

Evidence that the dopamine D4 receptor is a susceptibility gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1998 • 222 citations

Dopamine DRD4 receptor polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1998 • 219 citations

Genetics of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder

2008 • 217 citations

Pregnancy, delivery and infancy complications and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder: Issues of gene-environment interaction

1997 • 204 citations

A global survey of haplotype frequencies and linkage disequilibrium at the DRD2 locus

1998 • 204 citations

The dopamine transporter gene (SLC6A3) variable number of tandem repeats domain enhances transcription in dopamine neurons

2001 • 195 citations

Evidence for linkage of a tandem duplication polymorphism upstream of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4) with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2000 • 190 citations

The Variable Number of Tandem Repeats Polymorphism of the Dopamine Transporter Gene Is Not Associated with Significant Change in Dopamine Transporter Phenotype in Humans

2001 • 187 citations

The Epidemiology of Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorders

1992 • 185 citations

The Diagnosis and Prevalence of Hyperactivity in Chinese Schoolboys

1996 • 179 citations

Attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A study of association with both the dopamine transporter gene and the dopamine D4 receptor gene

2001 • 175 citations

Haplotype study of three polymorphisms at the dopamine transporter locus confirm linkage to attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

2001 • 172 citations

Lack of an association between a dopamine-4 receptor polymorphism and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: genetic and brain morphometric analyses

1998 • 170 citations

Working memory in childhood-onset schizophrenia and attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder

1998 • 168 citations

Haplotype relative risk study of catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD): Association of the high-enzyme activity val allele with adhd impulsive-hyperactive phenotype

1999 • 167 citations

Dopamine D4 Receptor Gene Novelty or Nonsense?

1999 • 167 citations

Comparison of the role of dopamine, serotonin, and noradrenaline genes in ADHD, ODD and conduct disorder: multivariate regression analysis of 20 genes

2000 • 164 citations

Association and linkage of DRD4 and DRD5 with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of Turkish children

2000 • 160 citations

Association study of a dopamine transporter polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in UK and Turkish samples

2001 • 156 citations

Clinical and Molecular Genetics of ADHD and Tourette Syndrome

2001 • 153 citations

A family-based and case-control association study of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and dopamine transporter gene in attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

2000 • 152 citations

Molecular analysis of velo-cardio-facial syndrome patients with psychiatric disorders.

1997 • 140 citations

Examining for association between candidate gene polymorphisms in the dopamine pathway and attention‐deficit hyperactivity disorder: A family‐based study

2001 • 132 citations

Cloning, expression and structure of catechol-O-methyltransferase

1995 • 130 citations

VNTR (variable number of tandem repeat) sequences as transcriptional, translational, or functional regulators

1998 • 121 citations

Further evidence for the association between attention‐deficit/hyperactivity disorder and the dopamine‐β‐hydroxylase gene

2002 • 121 citations

Adult attention deficit hyperactivity disorder and the dopamine D4 receptor gene

2000 • 121 citations

Comparative pharmacological and functional analysis of the human dopamine D4.2 and D4.10 receptor variants

1999 • 119 citations

Are Perinatal Complications Relevant to the Manifestation of ADD? Issues of Comorbidity and Familiality

1993 • 117 citations

Families of Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: A Review

1996 • 114 citations

Further evidence from haplotype analysis for linkage of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2000 • 106 citations

Tandem duplication polymorphism upstream of the dopamine D4 receptor gene (DRD4)

1999 • 104 citations

Stress as a mediating factor in the association between the DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and alcoholism

2001 • 100 citations

Linkage study of Catechol-O-Methyltransferase and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 • 97 citations

No association of the dopamine DRD4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Irish population

2000 • 97 citations

Is Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Familial?

1994 • 96 citations

5?-Untranslated region of the dopamine D4 receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2001 • 95 citations

Localization of the human dopamine beta hydroxylase (DBH) gene to chromosome 9q34

1988 • 91 citations

A haplotype relative risk study of the dopamine D4 receptor (DRD4) exon III repeat polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD)

2000 • 90 citations

Lack of association of dopamine D4 receptor gene polymorphisms with ADHD subtypes in a population sample of twins

2001 • 89 citations

Chromosomal localization of the human D3 dopamine receptor gene

1991 • 87 citations

The D2 dopamine receptor (DRD2) gene and family stress; interactive effects on cognitive functions in children.

1997 • 84 citations

Failure to replicate an excess of the long dopamine D4 exon III repeat polymorphism in ADHD in a family-based study

2000 • 83 citations

No association of the dopamine transporter gene 3′ VNTR polymorphism with ADHD subtypes in a population sample of twins

2001 • 81 citations

No association of the dopamine DRD4 receptor (DRD4) gene polymorphism with attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in the Irish population

2000 • 81 citations

No evidence of linkage or linkage disequilibrium between DAT1 and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a large sample

1999 • 79 citations

Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) and the dopamine D4 receptor gene: evidence of association but no linkage in a UK sample

2001 • 77 citations

Why Different Rules Are Required for Polygenic Inheritance

1998 • 77 citations

Linkage of a gene regulating dopamine-beta-hydroxylase activity and the ABO blood group locus.

1988 • 71 citations

The DRD2 TaqI polymorphism and symptoms of attention deficit hyperactivity disorder

1999 • 66 citations

No association between catechol-O-methyltransferase (COMT) gene polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in an Irish sample

2000 • 62 citations

Attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder and the gene for the dopamine D5 receptor

2000 • 60 citations

A serine to glycine substitution at position 9 in the extracellular N-terminal part of the dopamine D3 receptor protein: No role in the genetic predisposition to bipolar affective disorder

1993 • 55 citations

Absence of linkage of apparently single gene mediated ADHD with the human syntenic region of the mouse mutantColoboma

1995 • 55 citations

Linkage study of two polymorphisms at the dopamine D3 receptor gene and attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2000 • 52 citations

Functional analysis of the human D5 dopamine receptor missense and nonsense variants: differences in dopamine binding affinities.

1999 • 50 citations

RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN TWO‐YEAR BEHAVIOUR AND NEURODEVELOPMENTAL OUTCOME AT FIVE YEARS OF VERY LOW‐BIRTHWEIGHT SURVIVORS

1987 • 50 citations

A transmission disequilibrium test of the Ser9/Gly dopamine D3 receptor gene polymorphism in adult attention-deficit hyperactivity disorder

2002 • 45 citations

No association between low- and high-activity catecholamine-methyl-transferase (COMT) and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) in a sample of Turkish children

2000 • 44 citations

Central administration of dopamine D3 receptor antisense to rat: effects on locomotion, dopamine release and [3H]spiperone binding

1998 • 43 citations

Failure to replicate an association between the catechol-O-methyltransferase polymorphism and attention deficit hyperactivity disorder in a second, independently recruited Israeli cohort

2000 • 42 citations

Immunoaffinity purification and partial amino acid sequence analysis of catechol-O-methyltransferase from pig liver

1991 • 26 citations

Caught in the trio trap? Potential selection bias inherent to association studies usings parent‐offspring trios

2001 • 23 citations

Linkage analysis of the human dopamine β-hydroxylase gene

1991 • 23 citations

Dopamine D4 Receptor-Mediated Inhibition of Cyclic Adenosine 3′,5′-Monophosphate Production Does Not Affect Prolactin Regulation*

1997 • 17 citations