Are the neural substrates of memory the final common pathway in posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD)?

LOSS OF RECENT MEMORY AFTER BILATERAL HIPPOCAMPAL LESIONS

1957 • 7,145 citations

The Emotional Brain

1996 • 3,578 citations

The Medial Temporal Lobe Memory System

1991 • 3,239 citations

Masked Presentations of Emotional Facial Expressions Modulate Amygdala Activity without Explicit Knowledge

1998 • 2,215 citations

The prefrontal cortex

1997 • 2,139 citations

STRESS AND HIPPOCAMPAL PLASTICITY

1999 • 2,023 citations

MRI-based measurement of hippocampal volume in patients with combat- related posttraumatic stress disorder

1995 • 1,567 citations

Mechanisms of emotional arousal and lasting declarative memory

1998 • 1,558 citations

A dual representation theory of posttraumatic stress disorder.

1996 • 1,514 citations

Behavioral/cognitive conceptualizations of post-traumatic stress disorder

1989 • 1,514 citations

The Return of Phineas Gage: Clues About the Brain from the Skull of a Famous Patient

1994 • 1,449 citations

Human Amygdala Activation during Conditioned Fear Acquisition and Extinction: a Mixed-Trial fMRI Study

1998 • 1,389 citations

Double Dissociation of Conditioning and Declarative Knowledge Relative to the Amygdala and Hippocampus in Humans

1995 • 1,386 citations

The Cognitive Unconscious

1987 • 1,318 citations

Why Stress Is Bad for Your Brain

1996 • 1,302 citations

β-Adrenergic activation and memory for emotional events

1994 • 1,277 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging-based measurement of hippocampal volume in posttraumatic stress disorder related to childhood physical and sexual abuse—a preliminary report

1997 • 1,264 citations

Stress induces atrophy of apical dendrites of hippocampal CA3 pyramidal neurons

1992 • 1,215 citations

Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged glucocorticoid exposure in primates

1990 • 1,092 citations

Selective activation of the mesocortical DA system by stress

1976 • 1,037 citations

Exposure to excess glucocorticoids alters dendritic morphology of adult hippocampal pyramidal neurons

1990 • 1,013 citations

Suggestibility of the child witness: A historical review and synthesis.

1993 • 1,010 citations

Brain Systems Mediating Aversive Conditioning: an Event-Related fMRI Study

1998 • 936 citations

Hippocampal volume in women victimized by childhood sexual abuse

1997 • 919 citations

Amygdala activity at encoding correlated with long-term, free recall of emotional information.

1996 • 906 citations

Extinction of emotional learning: Contribution of medial prefrontal cortex

1993 • 895 citations

Magnetic resonance imaging study of hippocampal volume in chronic, combat-related posttraumatic stress disorder

1996 • 893 citations

The Primate Hippocampal Formation: Evidence for a Time-Limited Role in Memory Storage

1990 • 883 citations

Hippocampal formation volume, memory dysfunction, and cortisol levels in patients with Cushing's syndrome

1992 • 831 citations

Stress- and treatment-induced elevations of cortisol levels associated with impaired declarative memory in healthy adults

1996 • 814 citations

Stress and hippocampal neurogenesis

1999 • 799 citations

Betrayal trauma: the logic of forgetting childhood abuse

1997 • 777 citations

Repeated stress causes reversible impairments of spatial memory performance

1994 • 760 citations

Hippocampal damage associated with prolonged and fatal stress in primates

1989 • 746 citations

Recall of childhood trauma: A prospective study of women's memories of child sexual abuse.

1994 • 709 citations

Neural correlates of exposure to traumatic pictures and sound in Vietnam combat veterans with and without posttraumatic stress disorder: a positron emission tomography study

1999 • 708 citations

Does stress damage the brain?

1999 • 694 citations

Neural Correlates of Memories of Childhood Sexual Abuse in Women With and Without Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1999 • 682 citations

Peritraumatic dissociation and posttraumatic stress in male Vietnam theater veterans

1994 • 682 citations

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow During Script-Driven Imagery in Childhood Sexual Abuse-Related PTSD: A PET Investigation

1999 • 644 citations

Impaired fear conditioning following unilateral temporal lobectomy in humans

1995 • 631 citations

Predictors of PTSD in injured trauma survivors: a prospective study

1996 • 625 citations

Stress, Health, and the Social Environment

1977 • 597 citations

Catecholamine modulation of prefrontal cortical cognitive function

1998 • 596 citations

Noise Stress Impairs Prefrontal Cortical Cognitive Function in Monkeys

1998 • 585 citations

Noradrenergic mechanisms in stress and anxiety: I. preclinical studies

1996 • 583 citations

Abnormal Noradrenergic Function in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1993 • 566 citations

Memory distortion: how minds, brains, and societies reconstruct the past

1996 • 554 citations

Decreased Memory Performance in Healthy Humans Induced by Stress-Level Cortisol Treatment

1999 • 549 citations

Are different parts of the extended amygdala involved in fear versus anxiety?

1998 • 547 citations

Chronic stress alters synaptic terminal structure in hippocampus

1997 • 539 citations

Lesions of the amygdala, but not of the cerebellum or red nucleus, block conditioned fear as measured with the potentiated startle paradigm.

1986 • 506 citations

Working memory is more sensitive than declarative memory to the acute effects of corticosteroids: A dose-response study in humans.

1999 • 497 citations

Attention and memory dysfunction in posttraumatic stress disorder.

1998 • 491 citations

Handbook of memory disorders

1995 • 470 citations

Deficits in short-term memory in posttraumatic stress disorder

1993 • 465 citations

Psychotherapy and memories of childhood sexual abuse: A cognitive perspective

1994 • 448 citations

Post-traumatic stress disorder, hormones, and memory

1989 • 445 citations

Stress, Health, and the Social Environment: A Sociobiologic Approach to Medicine

1977 • 422 citations

Abuse-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1995 • 409 citations

Dissociation and posttraumatic stress disorder in Vietnam combat veterans

1992 • 397 citations

Role of the Amygdala in the Coordination of Behavioral, Neuroendocrine, and Prefrontal Cortical Monoamine Responses to Psychological Stress in the Rat

1996 • 383 citations

Processing of threat-related information in rape victims.

1991 • 372 citations

Selective processing of threat cues in posttraumatic stress disorder.

1990 • 355 citations

Stress-Induced Declarative Memory Impairment in Healthy Elderly Subjects: Relationship to Cortisol Reactivity¹

1997 • 350 citations

The traumatic neuroses of war

2012 • 350 citations

Individual Differences and the Creation of False Childhood Memories

1998 • 331 citations

Deficits in short-term memory in adult survivors of childhood abuse

1995 • 317 citations

Urinary Catecholamine Excretion and Severity of PTSD Symptoms in Vietnam Combat Veterans

1992 • 309 citations

Fear-potentiated startle conditioning to explicit and contextual cues in Gulf War veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

1999 • 300 citations

Learning and memory in combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

1995 • 289 citations

Persistent Stress Reaction After Combat

1965 • 283 citations

Repeated Exposure to Suggestion and the Creation of False Memories

1996 • 246 citations

Memory for emotional events: differential effects of centrally versus peripherally acting β-blocking agents

1998 • 231 citations

Association of intelligence with severity of posttraumatic stress disorder symptoms in Vietnam Combat veterans

1995 • 230 citations

Paradoxical effects of adrenal steroids on the brain: Protection versus degeneration

1992 • 222 citations

Cognitive processing of trauma cues in rape victims with post-traumatic stress disorder

1992 • 214 citations

Low self-esteem, induced failure and the adrenocortical stress response

1999 • 203 citations

Personality Predictors of Injury-Related Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

2000 • 193 citations

Directed forgetting of trauma cues in adult survivors of childhood sexual abuse with and without posttraumatic stress disorder.

1998 • 191 citations

The Recovered Memory/False Memory Debate

1994 • 188 citations

Physiologic responses to loud tones in Vietnam veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder.

1995 • 188 citations

Autonomic responses to stress in Vietnam combat veterans with posttraumatic stress disorder

1990 • 185 citations

Sex differences in “cognitive” regions of the rat brain

1991 • 183 citations

Learning and Memory in Rape Victims With Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1998 • 168 citations

Posttraumatic stress disorder: A comprehensive text.

1999 • 164 citations

NEUROPSYCHIATRIC COMPLICATIONS IN VICTIMS OF BOSTON'S COCOANUT GROVE DISASTER

1943 • 164 citations

Everyday Memory Deficits in Children and Adolescents with PTSD: Performance on the Rivermead Behavioural Memory Test

1999 • 155 citations

Cognitive functioning and posttraumatic stress disorder

1996 • 152 citations

Use of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV Dissociative Disorders for systematic assessment of dissociative symptoms in posttraumatic stress disorder

1993 • 150 citations

False Recognition in Women Reporting Recovered Memories of Sexual Abuse

2000 • 149 citations

Changes in Plasma Norepinephrine to Combat-Related Stimuli among Vietnam Veterans with Posttraumatic Stress Disorder

1991 • 148 citations

Experimental approaches to cognitive abnormality in posttraumatic stress disorder

1998 • 142 citations

Attentional bias in posttraumatic stress disorder.

1997 • 135 citations

Trauma-related dissociative states and long-term psychopathology in posttraumatic stress disorder.

1997 • 134 citations

False Memories in Women with Self-Reported Childhood Sexual Abuse: An Empirical Study

2000 • 132 citations

Implicit and explicit memory bias for threat in post-traumatic stress disorder

1991 • 116 citations

Neural Mechanisms in dissociative amnesia for childhood abuse: relevance to the current controversy surrounding the "false memory syndrome"

1996 • 98 citations

Implicit memory bias for threat in posttraumatic stress disorder

1996 • 95 citations

The suggestibility of children's memory for being touched: Planting, erasing, and changing memories.

1997 • 90 citations

Repressed Memory or Dissociative Amnesia: What the Science Says

1996 • 83 citations

The neurobiology of posttraumatic stress disorder: An integration of animal and human research.

1999 • 81 citations

Traumatic intrusive imagery as an emotional memory phenomenon: A review of research and explanatory information processing theories

1997 • 81 citations

Auditory startle responses in help-seeking trauma survivors

1997 • 77 citations

Eye movement and electrodermal responses to threat stimuli in post-traumatic stress disorder

1995 • 61 citations

Untitled

2000 • 60 citations

Functional disorders of autobiographical memory

1995 • 56 citations

The Trauma-Memory Argument

1995 • 39 citations

PSYCHOSOMATIC CASUALTIES IN THE MIDDLE EAST

1944 • 36 citations

Posttraumatic stress disorder in adults relative to criminal victimization: Prevalence, risk factors, and comorbidity.

1999 • 35 citations

Three controversies about dissociative identity disorder

1998 • 26 citations

Effects of Dehydroepiandrosterone Sulfate and Stress on Hippocampal Electrophysiological Plasticity^a

1995 • 24 citations

Intentional forgetting and voluntary thought suppression: Two potential methods for coping with childhood trauma

1997 • 23 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations