Benzodiazepines as Drugs of Abuse and Dependence

Benzodiazepine Receptor: Demonstration in the Central Nervous System

1977 • 1,705 citations

Report of a case and review of the literature

1987 • 1,592 citations

Specific benzodiazepine receptors in rat brain characterized by high-affinity (3H)diazepam binding.

1977 • 1,246 citations

Research Advances in Alcohol and Drug Problems

1984 • 1,126 citations

Problems of Drug Dependence

1969 • 970 citations

CAN SOCIAL INTERACTION BE USED TO MEASURE ANXIETY?

1978 • 782 citations

Drug Disposition in Old Age

1982 • 589 citations

Anxiety: New Research and Changing Concepts.

1982 • 560 citations

Current Status of Benzodiazepines

1983 • 453 citations

Mechanism of Action of Benzodiazepines

1976 • 437 citations

Resolution of two biochemically and pharmacologically distinct benzodiazepine receptors

1979 • 408 citations

High densities of benzodiazepine receptors in human cortical areas

1977 • 406 citations

The Biology of Alcoholism

1983 • 383 citations

Anxiety: New Research and Changing Concepts

1982 • 377 citations

Withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment.

1981 • 368 citations

Benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788: Neurological and behavioral effects

1982 • 341 citations

Withdrawal reactions from chlordiazepoxide (?Librium?)

1961 • 340 citations

Benzodiazepines: Anxiety-Reducing Activity by Reduction of Serotonin Turnover in the Brain

1972 • 339 citations

Profound Neutropenia During the Early Phase of Hemodialysis

1968 • 324 citations

Benzodiazepines in Clinical Practice

1974 • 317 citations

BENZODIAZEPINE WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS AND PROPRANOLOL

1981 • 298 citations

Benzodiazepine withdrawal: an unfinished story.

1984 • 289 citations

GRADUAL WITHDRAWAL OF DIAZEPAM AFTER LONG-TERM THERAPY

1983 • 270 citations

Long-term Diazepam Therapy and Clinical Outcome

1983 • 261 citations

The importance of dissociaton constant and lipid-solubility in influencing the passage of drugs into the cerebrospinal fluid.

1960 • 256 citations

Tryptophan-5-hydroxylase: function and control.

1974 • 237 citations

Increase of ?antianxiety? activity and tolerance of behavioral depression during chronic administration of oxazepam

1968 • 232 citations

Development of Optimal Treatment Tactics for Alcohol Withdrawal. I. Assessment and Effectiveness of Supportive Care

1981 • 230 citations

Dependence, Tolerance, and Addiction to Benzodiazepines: Clinical and Pharmacokinetic Considerations

1978 • 226 citations

Benzodiazepine Antagonist Ro 15–1788: Binding Characteristics and Interaction with Drug‐Induced Changes in Dopamine Turnover and Cerebellar cGMP Levels

1982 • 222 citations

Drug preference and mood in humans: Diazepam

1980 • 212 citations

Minor tranquillisers and road accidents.

1979 • 212 citations

Diazepam Impairs Lateral Position Control in Highway Driving

1982 • 207 citations

CLINICAL STUDIES OF DRUG ADDICTION, III

1938 • 201 citations

Unexpected death following operation.

1951 • 192 citations

Rebound anxiety in anxious patients after abrupt withdrawal of benzodiazepine treatment

1984 • 178 citations

Diazepam metabolism in normal man. I. Serum concentrations and clinical effects after intravenous, intramuscular, and oral administration.

1974 • 175 citations

TEACHING HOSPITAL FOR SOUTHERN RHODESIA

1964 • 171 citations

Psychic Distress, Life Crisis, and Use of Psychotherapeutic Medications

1978 • 169 citations

PARACETAMOL MEASUREMENT

1975 • 168 citations

LENGTH OF TREATMENT WITH ANXIOLYTIC SEDATIVES AND RESPONSE TO THEIR SUDDEN WITHDRAWAL

1973 • 163 citations

Mechanism of action of benzodiazepines

1975 • 162 citations

A brain octadecaneuropeptide generated by tryptic digestion of DBI (diazepam binding inhibitor) functions as a proconflict ligand of benzodiazepine recognition sites

1984 • 161 citations

Diazepam-induced eating and lever pressing for food in sated rats.

1974 • 158 citations

Withdrawal Reaction From Long-term, Low-dosage Administration of Diazepam

1980 • 158 citations

A cross-national comparison of anti-anxiety/sedative drug use

1984 • 158 citations

Precipitated Withdrawal by a Benzodiazepine Receptor Antagonist (Ro 15-1788) After 7 Days of Diazepam

1982 • 154 citations

Diazepam use among methadone maintenance patients: Patterns and dosages

1981 • 152 citations

In vitro correlates of benzodiazepine cerebrospinal fluid uptake, pharmacodynamic action and peripheral distribution.

1983 • 147 citations

The role of Pavlovian processes in drug tolerance and dependence: Implications for treatment

1981 • 147 citations

Initial Screening for Carcinogenicity of Commonly Used Drugs23

1980 • 146 citations

Role of drugs in traffic accidents.

1980 • 145 citations

Medicine and the Law

1963 • 143 citations

Dependence liability of several sedative-hypnotic agents evaluated in monkeys.

1973 • 141 citations

Alcohol, Drugs, and Traffic Safety

1976 • 135 citations

Tolerance during chronic benzodiazepine treatment associated with decreased receptor binding

1981 • 133 citations

Diazepam and Drug-Associated Deaths

1979 • 128 citations

Drug Surveillance Utilizing Epidemiologic Methods a Report from the Boston Collaborative Drug Surveillance Program

1973 • 127 citations

Effects of benzodiazepines on psychomotor performance.

1979 • 126 citations

Drugs, Alcohol and Driving

1979 • 121 citations

HEALTH VISITING AND GENERAL PRACTICE.

1964 • 120 citations

Acute Alcohol Withdrawal Syndrome

1974 • 117 citations

Drug preference in humans: double-blind choice comparison of pentobarbital, diazepam and placebo.

1980 • 116 citations

Benzodiazepines Divided

1985 • 114 citations

Saccadic eye movement analysis as a measure of drug effects on human psychomotor performance.

1984 • 110 citations

Memory and performance effects of single and 3-week administration of diazepam

1981 • 108 citations

Benzodiazepines in clinical practice

1975 • 108 citations

Benzodiazepines and withdrawal psychosis. Report of three cases.

1977 • 108 citations

Chlordiazepoxide loses its anxiolytic action with long-term treatment

1979 • 107 citations

Self-injection of barbiturates and benzodiazepines in baboons

1981 • 106 citations

Changing pattern of drugs used for self-poisoning.

1978 • 105 citations

Drug Kinetics and Alcohol Ingestion

1978 • 103 citations

The Effects of Non-Prescribing of Anxiolytics in General Practice: I. Controlled Evaluation of Psychiatric and Social Outcome

1984 • 102 citations

Drug Interactions With Alcohol

1979 • 101 citations

Human drug self-administration: double-blind comparison of pentobarbital, diazepam, chlorpromazine and placebo.

1979 • 98 citations

Computed axial brain tomography in long-term benzodiazepine users

1984 • 97 citations

Benzodiazepines—the opium of the masses?

1978 • 96 citations

Use of the specific benzodiazepine antagonist, Ro 15-1788, in studies of physiological dependence on benzodiazepines

1982 • 96 citations

Benzodiazepine hypnotics remain effective for 24 weeks.

1982 • 94 citations

Rapid Recovery From Massive Diazepam Overdose

1978 • 93 citations

Diazepam metabolism in normal man. II. Serum concentration and clinical effect after oral administration and cumulation.

1974 • 92 citations

Chlordiazepoxide-Induced Hostility in a Small Group Setting

1974 • 91 citations

Differential Effects of Diazepam and Pentobarbital on Mood and Behavior

1983 • 91 citations

Abrupt Withdrawal From Therapeutically Administered Diazepam

1978 • 90 citations

Patterns of Benzodiazepine Abuse and Dependence

1986 • 89 citations

HAZARDS IN THE GAS INDUSTRY

1965 • 88 citations

Comparison of diazepam and oxazepam: preference, liking and extent of abuse.

1984 • 88 citations

Aberrant Response to Diazepam: A New Syndrome

1972 • 87 citations

Abuse liability assessment in human subjects

1984 • 86 citations

Benzodiazepines and Withdrawal Psychosis

1977 • 85 citations

Experimental induction of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence.

1983 • 85 citations

Time course for development of benzodiazepine tolerance and physical dependence

1985 • 85 citations

Comparison of triazolam and pentobarbital: performance impairment, subjective effects and abuse liability.

1985 • 84 citations

Emergence of hostility during alprazolam treatment

1984 • 83 citations

Relative abuse liability of diazepam and oxazepam: Behavioral and subjective dose effects

1984 • 81 citations

Some social meanings of tranquilizer use

1979 • 80 citations

Minor Tranquilizers

1978 • 79 citations

Conflict behavior in the squirrel monkey: effects of chlordiazepoxide, diazepam and N-desmethyldiazepam.

1978 • 79 citations

Diazepam tolerance: effect of age, regular sedation, and alcohol.

1984 • 76 citations

Absence of intrinsic antagonist actions of benzodiazepine antagonists on an exploratory model of anxiety in the mouse

1984 • 71 citations

Panic attacks: diagnostic evaluations of 17 patients

1979 • 71 citations

Neuro-psychopharmacology. Vol. 3

1965 • 71 citations

Diazepam metabolism in normal man

1974 • 70 citations

Dependence on Benzodiazepines

1980 • 69 citations

Addiction to Diazepam

1976 • 68 citations

USE OF PSYCHOTROPIC DRUGS IN TREATMENT OF METHADONE MAINTAINED NARCOTIC ADDICTS*

1978 • 68 citations

Seizures induced by abrupt discontinuation of alprazolam

1984 • 67 citations

EFFECT OF ORAL BENZODIAZEPINES ON MEMORY

1980 • 67 citations

The effect of a benzodiazepine antagonist, R015-1788, in diazepam dependent rats

1982 • 66 citations

Abuse potential of halazepam and of diazepam in patients recently treated for acute alcohol withdrawal

1983 • 66 citations

Mechanism of action of the benzodiazepines: behavioral aspect.

1980 • 66 citations

Objective Determination of Benzodiazepine Use and Abuse in Alcoholics

1983 • 66 citations

Delirium and seizures due to abrupt alprazolam withdrawal: case report.

1984 • 65 citations

Comparative effects of a repeated dose regime of diazepam and buspirone on subjective ratings, psychological tests and the EEG

1983 • 64 citations

Influence of age and previous use of diazepam dosage required for endoscopy.

1978 • 63 citations

Psychometric performance during withdrawal from long-term benzodiazepine treatment

1983 • 61 citations

DIAZEPAM IN NEWLY ADMITTED SCHIZOPHRENICS.

1963 • 61 citations

Benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15‐1788

1986 • 60 citations

Benzodiazepin-Abhängigkeit: Suchtpotential der Benzodiazepine größer als bisher angenommen

2008 • 60 citations

Adverse reactions to intravenous diazepam:

1973 • 60 citations

Benzodiazepines and ethanol: assessment of the effects and consequences of psychotropic drug interactions.

1982 • 60 citations

Metabolism and tolerance studies with chlordiazepoxide-2-14C in the rat

1966 • 59 citations

Diazepam and human memory: Influence on acquisition, retrieval, and state-dependent learning

1980 • 57 citations

Diazepam tapering in detoxification for high-dose benzodiazepine abuse

1984 • 57 citations

Nitrazepam and the elderly.

1972 • 57 citations

Lorazepam withdrawal seizures.

1980 • 57 citations

Profile of acute tolerance to three sedative anxiolytics

1983 • 56 citations

The effect of various doses of minor tranquilizers on plasma corticosteroids in stressed rats.

1975 • 56 citations

Long-term benzodiazepine therapy: benefits and risks.

1984 • 55 citations

Recovery from lorazepam tolerance and the effects of a benzodiazepine antagonist (RO 15-1788) on the development of tolerance

1982 • 55 citations

Dose-response analysis of the behavioral effects of diazepam: II. Psychomotor performance, cognition and mood

1984 • 53 citations

Development of tolerance and cross‐tolerance to the psychomotor actions of lorazepam and diazepam in man.

1983 • 52 citations

THE HALCION STORY: TRIAL BY MEDIA

1980 • 52 citations

Chronic chlordiazepoxide and pentobarbital interactions on punished and unpunished behavior.

1978 • 52 citations

The reinforcing properties of diazepam under several conditions in the rhesus monkey

1985 • 52 citations

Benzodiazepines and Ethanol

1982 • 50 citations

Long-term effects of benzodiazepines

1983 • 50 citations

Management of the Office Patient With Anxiety and Depression

1965 • 50 citations

Abuse of Benzodiazepines in Western European Society - Incidence and Prevalence, Motives, Drug Acquisition.

1983 • 49 citations

TOXIC PSYCHOSIS WITH TRANSIENT DYSMNESTIC SYNDROME FOLLOWING WITHDRAWAL FROM VALIUM

1965 • 48 citations

Physical dependence on diazepam and lorazepam in the dog.

1983 • 47 citations

Tofisopam, a novel 3,4,-benzodiazepine: Multiple-dose effects on psychomotor skills and memory. Comparison with diazepam and interactions with ethanol

1980 • 46 citations

An antagonist-induced benzodiazepine abstinence syndrome

1982 • 46 citations

Safety and Efficacy of Long-term Diazepam Therapy

1980 • 45 citations

Diazepam on Demand

1974 • 44 citations

Lorazepam—Efficacy, side effects, and rebound phenomena

1982 • 43 citations

SIDE-EFFECTS OF LIBRIUM

1960 • 42 citations

PREANESTHESIA MEDICATION

1965 • 42 citations

Diazepam withdrawal syndrome: its prolonged and changing nature.

1982 • 41 citations

Sedative effects on physiological and psychological measures in anxious patients

1974 • 41 citations

Benzodiazepine overdosage: Plasma concentrations and clinical outcome

1981 • 41 citations

Diazepam withdrawal psychosis: a case report

1977 • 41 citations

Water intake and time course of drinking after single or repeated chlordiazepoxide injections

1979 • 41 citations

Use and abuse of benzodiazepines

1983 • 41 citations

Differential Efficacy of Unilateral and Bilateral ECT

1984 • 40 citations

Human sedative self-administration: effects of interingestion interval and dose.

1976 • 39 citations

Onset of peak impairment after diazepam and after alcohol

1981 • 39 citations

CHRONIC EXPERIMENTAL BARBITAL POISONING

1931 • 39 citations

Acute Hepatic Necrosis Following Treatment with Amitriptyline and Diazepam

1965 • 38 citations

Psychological alternatives to long-term benzodiazepine use.

1983 • 38 citations

Dose tolerance to lorazepam develop with once weekly dosing?

1983 • 38 citations

Benzodiazepine-associated emergencies in Toronto

1980 • 37 citations

Reinforcing properties of lorazepam in normal volunteers

1984 • 37 citations

Benzodiazpine withdrawal effects

1982 • 37 citations

Physiological and psychological effects of clorazepate in man.

1980 • 37 citations

Tolerance and Physical Dependence

1981 • 37 citations

Food preference following acute or chronic chlordiazepoxide administration: Tolerance to an antineophobic action

1981 • 36 citations

Benzodiazepine - specific and nonspecific tolerance following chronic flurazepam treatment

1983 • 36 citations

Diazepam: How much better than placebo?

1982 • 35 citations

Agranulocytosis, Leukopenia, and Psychotropic Drugs

1971 • 35 citations

Acute and Chronic Drug Abuse Emergencies in Metropolitan Toronto

1981 • 34 citations

A controlled trial of diazepam withdrawal in chronically anxious outpatients

1982 • 32 citations

Lack of preference for flurazepam in normal volunteers

1984 • 32 citations

Psychomotor performance following the long-term use of benzodiazepines.

1985 • 32 citations

Benzodiazepine withdrawal syndromes.

1980 • 32 citations

Benzodiazepine withdrawal in general practice.

1982 • 32 citations

Effects of acute and prolonged administration of chlordiazepoxide upon the pituitary-adrenal activity and brain catecholamines in sound stressed and unstressed rats

1980 • 31 citations

CHLORDIAZEPOXIDE EFFECTS ON ETHANOL SELF‐ADMINISTRATION: DEPENDENCE ON CONCURRENT CONDITIONS

1985 • 30 citations

A Case of Oxazepam (Serenid D) Dependence

1972 • 30 citations

Lorazepam-related withdrawal seizures.

1980 • 29 citations

Associative control of tolerance to the sedative and hypothermic effects of chlordiazepoxide

1985 • 29 citations

Influence of agents which modulate thromboxane A2 synthesis or action on R3230AC mammary carcinoma

1978 • 28 citations

Psychotropic drug use and driving risk: A review and analysis

1970 • 27 citations

Abstinence syndrome in dogs after chronic barbiturate medication.

1954 • 27 citations

Current Attitudes About the Benzodiazepines: Trial by Media

1983 • 26 citations

Self-injection of diazepam in naive rats: Effects of dose, schedule and blockade of different receptors

1984 • 26 citations

Benzodiazepines: a review of research results, 1980.

1980 • 24 citations

The abuse potential of benzodiazepines with special reference to oxazepam

1978 • 24 citations

DIAZEPAM AND THE RISK OF BREAST CANCER

1982 • 23 citations

Addiction to Diazepam (Valium)

1967 • 22 citations

A case report of lorazepam withdrawal

1980 • 22 citations

The benzodiazepines--use and abuse.

1980 • 21 citations

Self-rated sedation and plasma concentrations of desmethyldiazepam following single doses of clorazepate

1979 • 21 citations

Effect of p-chlorophenylalanine on diazepam withdrawal signs in rats

1980 • 21 citations

Benzodiazepine tolerance, physical dependence and withdrawal: electrophysiological study of spinal reflex function.

1984 • 21 citations

Benzodiazepine dependency in alcoholics.

1981 • 21 citations

Physical dependence to barbital compared to pentobarbital. IV. Influence of elimination kinetics.

1978 • 21 citations

The influence of haloperidol and aminooxyacetic acid on etonitazene, alcohol, diazepam and barbital consumption

1984 • 21 citations

A Substitution Technique for Determining Barbiturate-like Physiological Dependence Capacity in the Dog¹

1968 • 20 citations

Physical dependence to barbital compared to pentobarbital. I. "Chronically equivalent" dosing method.

1978 • 20 citations

Withdrawal reaction from clobazam.

1981 • 19 citations

Diazepam (Valium) Detoxification

1979 • 19 citations

Diazepam withdrawal seizures.

1982 • 19 citations

A controlled long‐term study of flunitrazepam, nitrazepam and placebo, with special regard to withdrawal effects

1978 • 19 citations

A critique of overemphasis on side effects with the psychotropic drugs: an analysis of 18,000 chlordiazepoxide-treated cases.

1966 • 19 citations

Effect of diazepam and chlordiazepoxide on the metabolism of other drugs

1969 • 19 citations

Stimulus control induced by benzodiazepine antagonist Ro 15-1788 in the rat

1985 • 19 citations

Withdrawal symptoms after long-term treatment with therapeutic doses of flurazepam: a case report

1983 • 19 citations

Long-term psychotropic drug-taking and the process of withdrawal

1981 • 18 citations

DRUG EEACTIONS XIII

1971 • 18 citations

Nitrazepam (Mogadon) Dependence

1975 • 17 citations

Experimental human drug self-administration: methodology and application to the study of sedative abuse.

1975 • 17 citations

The use of tranquilizers in the treatment of mixed drug abuse.

1975 • 17 citations

Hallucinations following withdrawal of Valium.

1976 • 17 citations

Chlordiazepoxide antinociception: Cross-tolerance with opiates and with stress

1980 • 17 citations

Addiction to temazepam.

1981 • 16 citations

Benzodiazepine dependence: a general practice survey.

1981 • 16 citations

Untitled

1979 • 16 citations

Alternative Treatments for Withdrawing the Long-Term Benzodiazepine User: A Pilot Study

1986 • 15 citations

Frequency of Use of Diazepam in Individuals on Probation and in Methadone Maintenance Programs: Clinical Note

1979 • 15 citations

Gholestatic jaundice associated with chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (librium) therapy

1967 • 14 citations

Dependence-Producing Effects of Anxiolytics

1981 • 14 citations

The Relationship of Tolerance and Physical Dependence to Alcohol Abuse and Alcohol Problems

1983 • 14 citations

Long-Term Treatment with Diazepam

1981 • 13 citations

Diazepam Addiction a Case Report

1978 • 13 citations

Intake of diazepam and hashish by alcohol preferring rats deprived of alcohol

1973 • 13 citations

Suspected dependence on chlordiazepoxide hydrochloride (Librium).

1966 • 12 citations

Diazepam withdrawal: a current problem in recognition.

1978 • 12 citations

[Neuropharmacological studies on drug dependence (I). Effects due to the difference in strain, sex and drug administration time on physical dependence development and characteristics of withdrawal signs in CNS-affecting drug dependent rats (author's transl)].

1979 • 12 citations

The dependence potential of benzodiazepines

1984 • 11 citations

Chlordiazepoxide's interaction with ethanol intake in the rat: Relation to ethanol exposure paradigms

1984 • 10 citations

Fixed Drug Eruption from Chlordiazepoxide

1961 • 7 citations

A Review of the Safety Hazard Due to Poor Health, Drugs, and Their Interaction

1977 • 7 citations

ANTIHISTAMINES IN THE TREATMENT OF DRUG ERUPTIONS

1966 • 7 citations

Age- and sex-related differences in patterns of drug overdose and abuse

1981 • 6 citations

A comparison of some subjective effects of prazepam, diazepam, and placebo.

1982 • 6 citations

Nitrazepam and the Elderly

1973 • 6 citations

Chronic diazepam treatment in psychiatric outpatients.

1982 • 6 citations

Psychological impairment and low-dose benzodiazepine treatment.

1982 • 5 citations

Oxazepam withdrawal syndrome

1982 • 5 citations

Benzodiazepines: part of lifestyle in the 1980s.

1984 • 4 citations

Effects of diazepam on tumor growth and plasma prostaglandin E2 in rats.

1980 • 4 citations

Benzodiazepine prescription to middle-aged women

1982 • 4 citations

Psychotherapeutic Drugs and Driving

1974 • 3 citations

Benzodiazepine use and the biopsychosocial model.

1983 • 3 citations

THE ROUTINE TREATMENT OF MALARIA IN UGANDA

1920 • 2 citations

Hypoplastic Anaemia—An Unusual Complication of Chlordiazepoxide Hydrochloride Therapy

1965 • 2 citations

Psychological impairment and low-dose benzodiazepine treatment.

1982 • 2 citations

DRUG ALLERGY. SEVERE ALLERGIC REACTION TO LIBRIUM: A CASE REPORT.

1964 • 1 citations

Model dependent differences in hepatic extraction ratio with unbound drug fraction discriminate between models of hepatic drug elimination

1985 • 1 citations

Lorazepam Withdrawal

1980 • 1 citations

The effect of diazepam on alcohol consumption in C57BL mice

1980 • 1 citations

Oxazepam (Serenid D) Dependence

1972 • 1 citations

Self-administration of clonidine and oxazepam by methadone detoxification patients.

1984 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations