Effectiveness of acute postoperative pain management: I. Evidence from published data

Comparison of intramuscular and epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia in the grossly obese: influence on postoperative ambulation and pulmonary function.

1984 • 271 citations

Policy for controlling pain after surgery: effect of sequential changes in management.

1992 • 268 citations

Patient-controlled Analgesia Following Cesarean Section

1988 • 246 citations

Patient-controlled Epidural Analgesia with Bupivacaine and Fentanyl on Hospital Wards

1998 • 235 citations

A Randomized Double-blind Comparison of Epidural versus Intravenous Fentanyl Infusion for Analgesia after Thoracotomy

1991 • 226 citations

Postoperative Pulmonary Complications Epidural Analgesia Using Bupivacaine and Opioids Versus Parenteral Opioids

1993 • 224 citations

Epidural Narcotic and Patient-controlled Analgesia for Post-cesarean Section Pain Relief

1988 • 223 citations

Pain after thoracic surgery

1992 • 223 citations

Multiple intramuscular injections: A major source of variability in analgesic response to meperidine

1980 • 220 citations

Epidural Morphine for Postoperative Pain: Experience with 1085 Patients

1985 • 219 citations

Postoperative Analgesia Using Epidural Infusions of Fentanyl with Bupivacaine

1995 • 216 citations

Postoperative Epidural Morphine Is Safe on Surgical Wards

1991 • 215 citations

Epidural and Intravenous Fentanyl Infusions Are Clinically Equivalent After Knee Surgery

1990 • 204 citations

Postoperative Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Tramadol: Analgesic Efficacy and Minimum Effective Concentrations

1990 • 203 citations

Postoperative pain therapy: a survey of patients' expectations and their experiences

1990 • 202 citations

Patient-controlled analgesia. Does a concurrent opioid infusion improve pain management after surgery?

1991 • 197 citations

THE FIRST YEAR'S EXPERIENCE OF AN ACUTE PAIN SERVICE

1991 • 193 citations

Perceptions of pain relief after surgery.

1990 • 192 citations

Combination of ondansetron and dexamethasone in the prophylaxis of postoperative nausea and vomiting

1996 • 170 citations

Postoperative Epidural Bupivacaine-Morphine Therapy Experience with 4,227 Surgical Cancer Patients

1994 • 167 citations

Continuous Thoracic Epidural Analgesia for Postoperative Pain Relief Following Thoracotomy

1987 • 160 citations

Patient Attitudes to Postoperative Pain Relief

1983 • 156 citations

INFLUENCE OF TIMING ON THE EFFECT OF CONTINUOUS EXTRADURAL ANALGESIA WITH BUPIVACAINE AND MORPHINE AFTER MAJOR ABDOMINAL SURGERY

1992 • 154 citations

Patient-Controlled Analgesia

1982 • 154 citations

Variables of patient‐controlled analgesia 1. bolus size

1989 • 144 citations

The effect of bupivacaine and morphine on pain and bowel function after colonic surgery

1987 • 143 citations

The Effect of Continuous Epidural Analgesia on Postoperative Pain, Rehabilitation, and Duration of Hospitalization in Total Knee Arthroplasty

1990 • 142 citations

A Controlled Study on the Effect of Epidural Analgesia with Local Anaesthetics and Morphine on Morbidity after Abdominal Surgery

1985 • 142 citations

A Randomized, Double-blind Comparison of Lumbar Epidural and Intravenous Fentanyl Infusions for Postthoracotomy Pain Relief

1992 • 140 citations

The Effect of Epidural Versus General Anesthesia on Postoperative Pain and Analgesic Requirements in Patients Undergoing Radical Prostatectomy

1994 • 135 citations

Patient‐Controlled Analgesic Therapy: Clinical Experience

1982 • 134 citations

The safety and utilization of patient-controlled analgesia

1997 • 129 citations

Continuous epidural infusion for analgesia after major abdominal operations: a randomized, prospective, double-blind study.

1985 • 128 citations

Continuous Intravenous Administration of Ketorolac Reduces Pain and Morphine Consumption After Total Hip or Knee Arthroplasty

1995 • 116 citations

Epidural Ropivacaine Infusion for Postoperative Analgesia After Major Lower Abdominal Surgery--A Dose Finding Study

1995 • 113 citations

Epidural Analgesia: Prospective Audit of 1062 Patients

1998 • 110 citations

COMPARISON OF I.M. KETOROLAC TROMETAMOL AND MORPHINE SULPHATE FOR PAIN RELIEF AFTER CHOLECYSTECTOMY

1990 • 109 citations

Influence of Naloxone Infusion on Analgesia and Respiratory Depression Following Epidural Morphine

1986 • 108 citations

Introducing patient‐controlled analgesia for postoperative pain control into a district general hospital

1990 • 104 citations

Epidural Morphine Improves Pain Relief and Maintains Sensory Analgesia during Continuous Epidural Bupivacaine after Abdominal Surgery

1986 • 100 citations

Morphine and Hydromorphone Epidural Analgesia

1992 • 98 citations

Thoracic epidural infusion for postoperative pain relief following abdominal aortic surgery: bupivacaine, fentanyl or a mixture of both?

1992 • 92 citations

Intraarticular, epidural, and intravenous analgesia after total knee arthroplasty

1999 • 91 citations

Postoperative Pain Relief by Epidural Morphine

1982 • 90 citations

Epidural bupivacaine, sufentanil or the combination for post‐thoracotomy pain

1992 • 89 citations

Combination of Ondansetron and Droperidol in the Prophylaxis of Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

1996 • 88 citations

Self‐administered nalbuphine, morphine and pethidine

1985 • 87 citations

Comparison of Continuous Epidural Infusion of a Local Anesthetic and Administration of Systemic Narcotics in the Management of Pain after Total Knee Replacement Surgery

1987 • 86 citations

Dose requirements, efficacy and side effects of morphine and pethidine delivered by patient-controlled analgesia after gynaecological surgery

1996 • 85 citations

Continuous thoracic epidural fentanyl for post‐thoracotomy pain relief: with or without bupivacaine?

1991 • 84 citations

Efficacy of patient-controlled versus conventional analgesia for postoperative pain.

1985 • 84 citations

Patient Controlled Analgesic Therapy in the Early Postoperative Period

1979 • 83 citations

PSYCHOMETRY AND POSTOPERATIVE COMPLAINTS IN SURGICAL PATIENTS

1973 • 81 citations

Can pre‐emptive lumbar epidural blockade reduce postoperative pain following lower abdominal surgery?

1993 • 78 citations

Postoperative patient‐controlled analgesia with sufentanil: analgesic efficacy and minimum effective concentrations

1991 • 77 citations

PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA WITH A MIXTURE OF MORPHINE AND DROPERIDOL

1993 • 76 citations

Low-Dose Bupivacaine Does Not Improve Postoperative Epidural Fentanyl Analgesia in Orthopedic Patients

1991 • 75 citations

Comparison of intramuscular ketorolac and morphine in pain control after laparotomy

1990 • 72 citations

Patient‐controlled analgesia (PCA) with codeine for postoperative pain relief in ten extensive metabolisers and one poor metaboliser of dextromethorphan.

1995 • 72 citations

Postoperative epidural infusion of morphine and bupivacaine is safe on surgical wards

1997 • 72 citations

POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA BY CONTINUOUS EXTRADURAL INFUSION OF BUPIVACAINE AND DIAMORPHINE

1988 • 71 citations

Continuous regional analgesia in comparison with intravenous opioid administration for routine postoperative pain control

1994 • 71 citations

Patient-Controlled Epidural Analgesia After Thoracotomy

1996 • 71 citations

Postoperative Schmerztherapie auf Allgemeinen Krankenpflegestationen

1994 • 71 citations

Continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl for postoperative analgesia

1980 • 70 citations

Continuous epidural infusion of morphine for pain relief after cardiac operations

1987 • 70 citations

Epidural morphine after anterior cruciate ligament repair: a comparison with patient-controlled intravenous morphine.

1989 • 69 citations

POSTOPERATIVE EXTRADURAL ANALGESIA FOLLOWING THORACIC SURGERY: A FEASIBILITY STUDY

1975 • 68 citations

Comparison of Repeat Doses of Intramuscular Ketorolac Tromethamine and Morphine Sulfate for Analgesia after Major Surgery

1990 • 68 citations

The Analgesic Efficacy and Adverse Effects of Continuous Epidural Sufentanil and Bupivacaine Infusion After Thoracotomy

1996 • 67 citations

FENTANYL BY CONSTANT RATE I.V. INFUSION FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA

1985 • 65 citations

Bupivacaine 0.1% does not improve postoperative epidural fentanyl analgesia after abdominal or thoracic surgery

1992 • 65 citations

Epidural analgesia following thoracic surgery

1983 • 64 citations

Postoperative Epidural Infusion

1997 • 64 citations

PATIENT-CONTROLLED ANALGESIA WITH EXTRADURAL MORPHINE OR PETHIDINE

1988 • 63 citations

Postoperative analgesia: a comparison of intravenous on-demand fentanyl with epidural bupivacaine.

1979 • 63 citations

Audit of postoperative pain control Influence of a dedicated acute pain nurse

1996 • 63 citations

Comparison of Intramuscular Analgesia, Intercostal Block, Epidural Morphine and On‐Demand‐i.v.‐Fentanyl in the Control of Pain after Upper Abdominal Surgery

1984 • 63 citations

Epidural and intrathecal opioids for postoperative pain management in Europe — a 17‐nation questionnaire study of selected hospitals

1996 • 62 citations

The Efficacy, Applicability and Side-Effects of Postoperative Intravenous Patient-Controlled Morphine Analgesia: An Audit of 1233 Chinese Patients

1996 • 62 citations

Postoperative pain prevention by continuous epidural infusion

1980 • 61 citations

Comparison of different methods of postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy

1986 • 60 citations

Single-Dose Prophylaxis for Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting after Major Abdominal Surgery: Ondansetron versus Droperidol

1995 • 59 citations

Comparison of Lumbar and Thoracic Epidural Morphine for Relief of Postthoracotomy Pain

1985 • 58 citations

COMPARISON OF CONTEMPORANEOUS AND RETROSPECTIVE ASSESSMENT OF POSTOPERATIVE PAIN USING THE VISUAL ANALOGUE SCALE

1991 • 58 citations

Patient-controlled analgesia versus intermittent analgesia dosing.

1988 • 57 citations

Postoperative myocardial ischemia: epidural versus intravenous patient-controlled analgesia. A pilot project.

1995 • 56 citations

Variation in Postoperative Analgesic Requirements in the Morbidly Obese Following Gastric Bypass Surgery

1982 • 55 citations

Postoperative Analgesia for Oesophageal Surgery: A Comparison of Three Analgesic Regimens

1991 • 55 citations

Thoracic epidural analgesia compared with patient controlled intravenous morphine after upper abdominal surgery

1994 • 55 citations

Postoperative Analgesia with Continuous Epidural Sufentanil and Bupivacaine

1996 • 55 citations

Continuous-plus-on-demand Epidural Infusion of Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief by Means of a Small, Externally Worn Infusion Device

1985 • 54 citations

Continuous epidural infusion of ropivacaine for postoperative analgesia after major abdominal surgery: comparative study with i.v. PCA morphine

1998 • 54 citations

Epidural buprenorphine for pain relief after major abdominal surgery

1983 • 54 citations

Hydromorphone patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) after coronary artery bypass surgery

1994 • 53 citations

Equivalence of Postoperative Analgesia with Patient-Controlled Intravenous or Epidural Alfentanil

1993 • 52 citations

Epidural patient-controlled analgesia (PCA): an alternative to continuous epidural infusions

1989 • 52 citations

Effects of Ketorolac Versus Bupivacaine Coadministration During Patient-Controlled Hydromorphone Epidural Analgesia After Thoracotomy Procedures

1997 • 51 citations

Comparative Analgesic Efficacy of Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Ketorolac Versus Morphine After Elective Intraabdominal Operations

1995 • 50 citations

Balanced analgesia with intravenous ketorolac and patient-controlled morphine following lower abdominal surgery

1995 • 50 citations

Patient-controlled analgesia vs. Conventional intramuscular analgesia following colon surgery

1988 • 49 citations

Epidural morphine prophylaxis of postoperative pain: report of a double-blind multicentre study

1985 • 48 citations

Ventilatory effects of continuous epidural infusion of fentanyl.

1988 • 47 citations

Post‐operative analgesia by high thoracic epidural versus intramuscular nicomorphine after thoracotomy. Part III

1987 • 47 citations

Postthoracotomy pain management using continuous epidural analgesia in 1,324 patients

1994 • 46 citations

Epidural Clonidine or Bupivacaine as the Sole Analgesic Agent during and after Abdominal Surgery

1999 • 45 citations

Continuous thoracic epidural analgesia versus combined spinal/thoracic epidural analgesia on pain, pulmonary function and the metabolic response following colonic resection

1996 • 44 citations

Extradural infusion analgesia for postoperative pain relief

1994 • 43 citations

Electronic and disposable patient‐controlled analgesia systems

1992 • 42 citations

Epinephrine Decreases Postoperative Requirements for Continuous Thoracic Epidural Fentanyl Infusions

1996 • 42 citations

An investigation of the potential morphine sparing effect of midazolam

1996 • 41 citations

Epidural sufentanil for intra– and postoperative analgesia in thoracic surgery: a comparative study with intravenous sufentanil

1988 • 41 citations

Post‐operative Analgesia by Epidural Versus Intramuscular Nicomorphine after Thoracotomy. Part I

1985 • 39 citations

Epidural opioids during laminectomy surgery for postoperative pain

1992 • 38 citations

Continuous subcutaneous infusion of morphine for postoperative pain relief

1985 • 38 citations

Patient‐controlled analgesia: a controlled trial

1987 • 38 citations

Comparison of thoracic and lumbar epidural infusions of bupivacaine and fentanyl for post-thoracotomy analgesia

1993 • 37 citations

Continuous Epidural Analgesia Using Fentanyl and Bupivacaine After Total Knee Arthroplasty

1994 • 37 citations

Clinical Experience with Epidural Morphine

1981 • 37 citations

The Efficacy of Adding a Continuous Intravenous Morphine Infusion to Patient-Controlled Analgesia (PCA) in Abdominal Surgery

1995 • 36 citations

Comparison of Two Methods of Intravenous Administration of Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief

1990 • 36 citations

High Thoracic Epidural Sufentanil with Bupivacaine

1994 • 36 citations

Epidural morphine provides greater pain relief than patient-controlled intravenous morphine following cholecystectomy.

1989 • 35 citations

Postoperative Pain Treatment after Upper Abdominal Surgery with Epidural Morphine at Thoracic or Lumbar Level

1985 • 35 citations

Patient-Controlled Analgesia

2013 • 35 citations

Intraspinal Narcotic Analgesia

1989 • 35 citations

Postoperative epidural infusion of a mixture of bupivacaine 0.2% with fentanyl for upper abdominal surgery A comparison of thoracic and lumbar routes

1995 • 35 citations

Postoperative patient-controlled analgesia with alfentanil: Analgesic efficacy and minimum effective concentrations

1990 • 34 citations

A Comparison of the Analgesic and Respiratory Effects of Epidural Nalbuphine or Morphine in Postthoracotomy Patients

1991 • 34 citations

Evaluation of patient-controlled analgesia (PCA) versus PCA plus continuous infusion in postoperative cancer patients

1991 • 34 citations

The Efficacy of Patient-Controlled Analgesia in Patients Recovering From Flank Incisions

1984 • 34 citations

Postoperative pain relief with high‐dose epidural buprenorphine: a double‐blind study

1986 • 33 citations

Combined epidural-spinal opioid-free anaesthesia and analgesia for hysterectomy

1999 • 33 citations

The effect of fentanyl administered epidurally by patient‐controlled analgesia, continuous infusion, or a combined technique of oxyhaemoglobin saturation after abdominal surgery

1993 • 32 citations

Background Infusion with Patient-Controlled Analgesia: Effect on Postoperative Oxyhaemoglobin Saturation and Pain Control

1993 • 32 citations

Forum

1981 • 32 citations

Effect of varying intravenous patient-controlled analgesia dose and lockout interval while maintaining a constant hourly maximum dose

1996 • 31 citations

Patient-controlled analgesia versus intramuscular analgesic therapy

1994 • 31 citations

Computer-Controlled Infusion of Alfentanil Versus Patient-Controlled Administration of Morphine for Postoperative Analgesia

1995 • 30 citations

Comparison of patient-assisted epidural analgesia with continuous-infusion epidural analgesia for postoperative patients.

1994 • 30 citations

Continuous epidural hydromorphone for postthoracotomy pain relief

1990 • 30 citations

Thoracic epidural bupivacaine plus sufentanil: high concentration/low volume versus low concentration/high volume.

1993 • 30 citations

Patient-Controlled Analgesia versus Patient-Controlled Analgesia plus Continuous Infusion after Hip Replacement Surgery

1996 • 29 citations

Peri-operative thoracic epidural analgesia for thoracotomy

1997 • 28 citations

Thoracic versus lumbar epidural fentanyl for postthoracotomy pain

1993 • 27 citations

Patient and nurse evaluation of paient-controlled analgesia delivery systems for postoperative pian management

1992 • 27 citations

Clinical Aspects of Continuous Epidural Blockade for Postoperative Pain Relief

1972 • 26 citations

Thoracic versus lumbar administration of epidural morphine for postoperative analgesia after thoracotomy.

1993 • 25 citations

Introducing epidural fentanyl for on‐ward pain relief after major surgery

1996 • 25 citations

Comparison of continuous and intermittent administration of extradural bupivacaine for analgesia after lower abdominal surgery

1998 • 24 citations

Epidural Infusion of Bupivacaine 0.0625% plus Fentanyl 3.3 μg/ml Provides Better Postoperative Analgesia than Patient-Controlled Analgesia with Intravenous Morphine after Gynaecological Laparotomy

1997 • 24 citations

Comparison of Oral Controlled Release Morphine and Epidural Morphine in the Management of Postoperative Pain

1986 • 23 citations

A clinical audit for postoperative pain control on 1443 surgical patients.

1995 • 23 citations

UNPREDICTABILITY OF REGRESSION OF ANALGESIA DURING THE CONTINUOUS POSTOPERATIVE EXTRADURAL INFUSION OF BUPIVACAINE

1988 • 23 citations

Prepacked take-home analgesia for day case surgery

1996 • 22 citations

Epidural infusion of bupivacaine and diamorphine for postoperative analgesia

1992 • 21 citations

Lumbar epidural fentanyl analgesia after thoracic surgery

1989 • 21 citations

EXTRADURAL DIAMORPHINE FOR POSTOPERATIVE ANALGESIA: AUDIT OF A NURSE-ADMINISTERED SERVICE TO 800 PATIENTS IN A DISTRICT GENERAL HOSPITAL

1992 • 20 citations

The use of epidural morphine in patients undergoing total knee arthroplasty

1989 • 20 citations

Lumbar versus thoracic epidural buprenorphine for postoperative analgesia following coronary artery bypass graft surgery

1999 • 20 citations

A randomized comparison of patient-controlled versus standard analgesic requirements in patients undergoing cholecystectomy.

1992 • 20 citations

Comparison of ketorolac and meperidine in patients with postoperative pain--impact on health care utilization.

1993 • 19 citations

Focus on mobilisation after lower abdominal surgery. A double‐blind randomised comparison of epidural bupivacaine with morphine vs. lidocaine with morphine for postoperative analgesia

1999 • 18 citations

Ventilatory function and continuous high thoracic epidural administration of bupivacaine with sufentanil intravenously or epidurally: a double-blind comparison.

1991 • 18 citations

0.1% bupivacaine does not reduce the requirement for epidural fentanyl infusion after major abdominal surgery.

1995 • 18 citations

Postoperative pain management in gynecologic oncology patients utilizing epidural opiate analgesia and patient-controlled analgesia

1989 • 16 citations

Comparison of ondansetron and metoclopramide for the prevention of post-operative nausea and vomiting after major gynaecological surgery

1996 • 15 citations

Epidural Morphine for Postoperative Pain Relief in Anorectal Surgery

1986 • 15 citations

Side effects of morphine patient-controlled analgesia and meperidine patient-controlled analgesia: a follow-up of 500 patients.

1992 • 13 citations

A comparison of epidural infusions of fentanyl or pethidine with bupivacaine in the management of postoperative pain

1996 • 11 citations

Patient‐controlled epidural analgesia following post‐traumatic pelvic construction

1993 • 11 citations

A comparison of nalbuphine and meperidine in treatment of postoperative pain

1987 • 11 citations

Hypoxaemia after lower abdominal surgery: Comparison of tramadol and morphine

1998 • 10 citations

Buprenorphine versus morphine for patient-controlled analgesia after cholecystectomy.

1993 • 10 citations

Intermittent epidural morphine instillation for control of postoperative pain

1983 • 9 citations

A two-year experience of an acute pain service in Singapore.

1997 • 7 citations

Continuous postoperative epidural analgesia in management of postoperative surgical pain

1989 • 6 citations

Low dose fentanyl improves continuous bupivacaine epidural analgesia following orthopaedic, urological or general surgery

1997 • 5 citations

Subcutaneous morphine — a simple technique for postoperative analgesia

1997 • 5 citations

Evaluation of morphine for patient controlled analgesia with the Infusor system after opiate-free locoregional anesthesia for osteotomy of the foot.

1995 • 3 citations

Patient-controlled analgesia. Its South African debut in a provincial hospital.

1992 • 3 citations

Randomised, double-blind comparison of epidural and intravenous fentanyl for postoperative pain

1997 • 3 citations

Multicenter evaluation of a patient-controlled analgesia device for the treatment of postoperative pain.

1992 • 3 citations

PATIENTS WITH PAIN.

1965 • 2 citations

THE INTRODUCTION OF PATIENT‐CONTROLLED ANALGESIA INTO AN ISOLATED RURAL HOSPITAL

1995 • 2 citations

Intramuscular on Demand Analgesia

1983 • 1 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations

Cited By (0)

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