Pseudoreplication and the Design of Ecological Field Experiments

Statistical principles in experimental design.

1962 • 27,228 citations

Principles and procedures of statistics.

1960 • 22,587 citations

Statistical Methods for Research Workers

1945 • 11,140 citations

Principles and procedures of statistics: McGraw-Hill Book Company, Inc. New York Toronto London.

1960 • 4,851 citations

The Design of Experiments

1935 • 4,362 citations

Food Webs: Linkage, Interaction Strength and Community Infrastructure

1980 • 1,734 citations

Biogeochemistry of a forested ecosystem

2014 • 1,584 citations

Sampling Design and Statistical Methods for Environmental Biologists

1979 • 1,499 citations

Intertidal community structure

1974 • 1,401 citations

TECHNIQUES OF ANALYSIS OF VARIANCE IN EXPERIMENTAL MARINE BIOLOGY AND ECOLOGY

1981 • 1,281 citations

Effects of Forest Cutting and Herbicide Treatment on Nutrient Budgets in the Hubbard Brook Watershed‐Ecosystem

1970 • 1,203 citations

Planning of Experiments

1958 • 1,040 citations

Eutrophication and Recovery in Experimental Lakes: Implications for Lake Management

1974 • 992 citations

The Arrangement of Field Experiments

1992 • 963 citations

The Importance of Predation by Crabs and Fishes on Benthic Infauna in Chesapeake Bay

1977 • 473 citations

Sampling Methods for Censuses and Surveys.

1949 • 446 citations

Studies in crop variation. II. The manurial response of different potato varieties

1923 • 402 citations

Algal Zonation in the New England Rocky Intertidal Community: An Experimental Analysis

1980 • 399 citations

An Experimental Study of Dispersal in the California Ground Squirrel

1979 • 390 citations

Niche Shifts in Sunfishes: Experimental Evidence and Significance

1976 • 345 citations

Microcosms in Ecological Research.

1983 • 310 citations

Experimental Acidification of a Stream in the Hubbard Brook Experimental Forest, New Hampshire

1980 • 298 citations

The Role of Microhabitat in Structuring Desert Rodent Communities

1978 • 286 citations

Impacts of mosquitofish (Gambusia affinis) predation on plankton communities

1981 • 224 citations

Desert Granivore Foraging and Its Impact on Seed Densities and Distributions

1979 • 218 citations

Competitive organization of the soft-bottom macrobenthic communities of southern California lagoons

1977 • 214 citations

Field evidence that shrimp predation regulates meiofauna

1978 • 211 citations

Eutrophication of Lake 227, Experimental Lakes Area, Northwestern Ontario, by Addition of Phosphate and Nitrate

1971 • 210 citations

Experiments on epibenthic predation in the Wadden Sea

1978 • 205 citations

Experimental Designs, Second Edition.

1958 • 202 citations

Effects of an Organophosphorus Insecticide on the Phytoplankton, Zooplankton, and Insect Populations of Fresh‐Water Ponds

1972 • 191 citations

Effects of the Spawning Migration of the Alewife, Alosa Pseudoharengus, on Freshwater Ecosystems

1979 • 179 citations

The response of meiofauna to sediment disturbance

1980 • 178 citations

R. A. Fisher, the Life of a Scientist

1978 • 175 citations

Competitive Interactions between California Reef Fishes of the Genus Embiotoca

1980 • 173 citations

Pollution Studies with Marine Plankton

1979 • 172 citations

Competition for Food between Two Intertidal Starfish Species and its Effect on Body Size and Feeding

1972 • 167 citations

The effect of shading on coral reef structure and function

1979 • 160 citations

Abiotic and Biotic Factors in Litter Decomposition in a Sermiarid Grassland

1979 • 159 citations

Herbivory, Plant Density, and Plant Reproductive Success: The Effect of Battus Philenor on Aristolochia Reticulata

1980 • 158 citations

Appraising Variability in Population Studies

1978 • 157 citations

Zooplankton grazing and phytoplankton species richness: Field tests of the predation hypothesis1

1979 • 148 citations

The Validity of Comparative Experiments

1948 • 147 citations

Fisher, the life of a scientist.

1979 • 145 citations

The Effect of Insect Fauna on Growth Mortality and Natality of Broom, Sarothamnus scoparius

1977 • 144 citations

The Effects of an Acute Insecticide Stress on a Semi‐Enclosed Grassland Ecosystem

1968 • 142 citations

Quantitative ecology and impact assessment

1976 • 141 citations

Differential susceptibility to grazers in two phases of an intertidal alga: Advantages of heteromorphic generations

1980 • 133 citations

Meiofauna‐Macrofauna Interactions in a High Salt Marsh Habitat

1980 • 131 citations

Influence of predation on infaunal abundance in Upper Chesapeake Bay, USA

1980 • 129 citations

Community and Population Level Responses to Fertilization in an Old‐Field Ecosystem

1978 • 126 citations

Secondary effects of pesticides on aquatic ecosystems

1975 • 124 citations

Effects of Grazing by the Sea Urchin, Centrostephanus Coronatus, on Prey Community Composition

1979 • 116 citations

A Preliminary Study of Seed Predation in Desert and Montane Habitats

1975 • 114 citations

Species densities of macrobenthos associated with seagrass: A field experimental study of prédation

1976 • 109 citations

COMPARISON BETWEEN BALANCED AND RANDOM ARRANGEMENTS OF FIELD PLOTS

1938 • 109 citations

An Experimental Analysis of Dispersal in Fluctuating Vole Populations: Demographic Parameters

1979 • 103 citations

Competition for Food Between the Intertidal Gastropods Acmaea Scabra and Acmaea Digitalis

1973 • 99 citations

PRIMARY PRODUCTION IN LABORATORY STREAMS 1,2

1964 • 97 citations

Structural Characteristics of Benthic Algal Communities in Laboratory Streams

1968 • 93 citations

Competition in Desert Rodents: An Experiment with Semipermeable Exclosures

1981 • 90 citations

An Experimental Study of the Role of Spiders as Predators in a Forest Litter Community. Part 1

1968 • 82 citations

Influence of Supplemental Food on Local Populations of Peromyscus leucopus

1979 • 80 citations

Experiments with Radiophosphorus Tracer in Aquarium Microcosms

1961 • 80 citations

Some Effects of Sublethal Concentrations of Sodium Arsenite on Bluegills and the Aquatic Environment

1966 • 79 citations

Community structure and functional role of small mammals in ecosystems

1979 • 76 citations

THE COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES OF SYSTEMATIC AND RANDOMIZED ARRANGEMENTS IN THE DESIGN OF AGRICULTURAL AND BIOLOGICAL EXPERIMENTS

1939 • 76 citations

Competition among Small Mammals in Experimentally Perturbed Areas of the Shortgrass Prairie

1979 • 76 citations

Ornitholimnology: Effects of grazing by the Andean flamingo ( Phoenicoparrus andinus )

1983 • 73 citations

Foraminifera as Prey for Benthic Deposit Feeders: Results of Predator Exclusion Experiments

1978 • 73 citations

Dynamics of Cadmium-Stressed Plankton Communities

1980 • 68 citations

Vertebrate Pollination and the Maintenance of Dioecism in Freycinetia

1982 • 67 citations

Habitat Utilization, Competitive Interactions, and Coexistence of three Species of Cricetine Rodents in East‐Central Arizona

1979 • 65 citations

The foundations of statistical inference : a discussion

1970 • 64 citations

Biological Effects and Persistence of Dursban® in Freshwater Ponds12

1970 • 63 citations

On Testing Varieties of Cereals

1923 • 61 citations

Experimental Species Removal: Demographic Responses by Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens

1977 • 61 citations

Species Removal Studies. I. Dispersal Strategies of Sympatric Sigmodon hispidus and Reithrodontomys fulvescens Populations

1975 • 56 citations

The life of Bertrand Russell

1975 • 53 citations

Randomization and Experimentation

1972 • 53 citations

085: The Arrangement of Field Experiments and the Statistical Reduction of the Results.

1930 • 43 citations

Statistics in Agricultural Research

1934 • 43 citations

Faunistic control of Enteromorpha blooms: A field experiment

1981 • 41 citations

Fisher and the Analysis of Variance

1980 • 40 citations

The use of large volume, transparent, enclosed sea-surface water columns in the study of stress on plankton ecosystems

1977 • 39 citations

The effect of the predator-avoidance behavior of the sea urchin, Centrostephanus coronatus, on the breadth of its diet

1979 • 37 citations

Effects of Diazinon Contamination on an Old-field Ecosystem

1969 • 34 citations

Microcosm studies on estuarine waters. I. The replicability of microcosms.

1966 • 34 citations

Effects of Fire on the Small Mammal Component of an Experimental Grassland Community

1979 • 33 citations

A TEST OF THE SUPPOSED PRECISION OF SYSTEMATIC ARRANGEMENTS

1936 • 32 citations

Predator influence on shore-level size gradients in Tegula funebralis (A. Adams)

1980 • 31 citations

Effects of Dichlobenil on Two Fishpond Environments

1969 • 28 citations

Effects on Sevin on Arthropods in an Agricultural and an Old‐Field Plant Community

1979 • 20 citations

NOTE ON SOME POINTS IN "STUDENT'S" PAPER ON "COMPARISON BETWEEN BALANCED AND RANDOM ARRANGEMENTS OF FIELD PLOTS"

1938 • 17 citations

An experimental test of Dodson's hypothesis that Ambystoma (a salamander) and Chaoborus (a phantom midge) have complementary feeding niches

1979 • 17 citations

Zooplankton abundance and diversity in Central Florida grass carp ponds

1980 • 16 citations

Meadow Vole Population Response to Vegetational Changes Resulting from 2,4-D Application

1980 • 15 citations

Populations of Plankton Animals and Residual Chlorinated Hydrocarbons in Soils of Six Minnesota Ponds Treated for Control of Mosquito Larvae

1963 • 13 citations

The Effects of Sodium Arsenite and Silvex on the Plankton Populations in Farm Ponds

1965 • 11 citations

Microcosm studies on estuarine waters. II. The effects of single doses of nitrate and phosphate.

1967 • 10 citations

Interactions entre la végétation épigée d’une luzernière et des populations enclose ou non enclose de Microtus Arvalis Pallas

1968 • 10 citations