Reinforcement Learning: An Introduction

Genetic algorithms in search, optimization, and machine learning

1989 • 49,726 citations

Dynamic Programming

1957 • 13,549 citations

Pattern classification and scene analysis

1973 • 12,976 citations

Matrix Iterative Analysis

2000 • 5,826 citations

Learning from delayed rewards

1989 • 5,606 citations

Parallel and Distributed Computation: Numerical Methods

1989 • 5,603 citations

Theory and Practice of Recursive Identification

1983 • 4,095 citations

Untitled

1988 • 3,901 citations

Some Studies in Machine Learning Using the Game of Checkers

1959 • 3,897 citations

Dynamic Programming and Markov Processes.

1961 • 3,612 citations

Adaptive filtering prediction and control

1984 • 3,449 citations

Radial Basis Functions, Multi-Variable Functional Interpolation and Adaptive Networks

1988 • 3,440 citations

The Behavior of Organisms

1938 • 3,256 citations

Neuronlike adaptive elements that can solve difficult learning control problems

1983 • 3,122 citations

Purposive Behavior in Animals and Men

1950 • 2,502 citations

Some aspects of the sequential design of experiments

1952 • 2,215 citations

ON THE LIKELIHOOD THAT ONE UNKNOWN PROBABILITY EXCEEDS ANOTHER IN VIEW OF THE EVIDENCE OF TWO SAMPLES

1933 • 2,206 citations

The nature of explanation

1943 • 1,734 citations

Learning Automata: An Introduction

1989 • 1,597 citations

Stochastic models for learning.

1955 • 1,540 citations

Toward a modern theory of adaptive networks: Expectation and prediction.

1981 • 1,416 citations

Introduction to Stochastic Dynamic Programming.

1986 • 1,200 citations

Radial basis functions for multivariable interpolation: a review

1987 • 1,170 citations

Stochastic systems : estimation, identification, and adaptive control

1986 • 1,049 citations

Sparse Distributed Memory

1988 • 993 citations

Toward a statistical theory of learning.

1950 • 980 citations

Distinctive features, categorical perception, and probability learning: Some applications of a neural model.

1977 • 875 citations

Temporal credit assignment in reinforcement learning

1984 • 746 citations

A Theory of Networks for Approximation and Learning

1989 • 721 citations

Adaptive Behavior and Learning

1985 • 716 citations

Monte Carlo methods

1986 • 694 citations

Learning Automata - A Survey

1974 • 668 citations

The Art and Theory of Dynamic Programming

1977 • 498 citations

What are plans for?

1990 • 378 citations

Is there a cell-biological alphabet for simple forms of learning?

1984 • 334 citations

Pattern-recognizing stochastic learning automata

1985 • 309 citations

Punish/Reward: Learning with a Critic in Adaptive Threshold Systems

1973 • 279 citations

Adaptive Treatment Allocation and the Multi-Armed Bandit Problem

1987 • 277 citations

Simulation of self-organizing systems by digital computer

1954 • 259 citations

Modified Policy Iteration Algorithms for Discounted Markov Decision Problems

1978 • 239 citations

A Survey of Some Results in Stochastic Adaptive Control

1985 • 227 citations

Learning control systems--Review and outlook

1970 • 217 citations

An adaptive optimal controller for discrete-time Markov environments

1977 • 179 citations

A new approach to the design of reinforcement schemes for learning automata

1985 • 175 citations

Intelligent behavior as an adaptation to the task environment

1982 • 172 citations

Landmark learning: An illustration of associative search

1981 • 151 citations

Connectionist learning for control: an overview

1990 • 130 citations

On the Theory of Apportionment

1935 • 129 citations

Functional approximations and dynamic programming

1959 • 126 citations

Foundations of conditioning and learning

1967 • 119 citations

Polynomial approximation—a new computational technique in dynamic programming: Allocation processes

1963 • 115 citations

Learning and Problem Solving with Multilayer Connectionist Systems

1986 • 114 citations

8 Reinforcement-Learning Control and Pattern Recognition Systems

1970 • 109 citations

Simulation of anticipatory responses in classical conditioning by a neuron-like adaptive element

1982 • 104 citations

Simulation of the classically conditioned nictitating membrane response by a neuron-like adaptive element: Response topography, neuronal firing, and interstimulus intervals

1986 • 87 citations

A Chess-Playing Machine

1950 • 83 citations

Programming a Computer for Playing Chess

1988 • 81 citations

Further Real Applications of Markov Decision Processes

1988 • 80 citations

On the use of backpropagation in associative reinforcement learning

1988 • 72 citations

Brownian Motion and Potential Theory

1969 • 68 citations

The Logic of Limax Learning

1985 • 57 citations

Diversity-based inference of finite automata

1987 • 56 citations

Beat the Dealer: A Winning Strategy for the Game of Twenty-One

1964 • 52 citations

ASSOCIATIVE SEARCH NETWORK - A REINFORCEMENT LEARNING ASSOCIATIVE MEMORY

1981 • 50 citations

A unified theory of heuristic evaluation functions and its application to learning

1986 • 40 citations

Generalization of pattern recognition in a self-organizing system

1955 • 39 citations

On thought: the extrinsic theory.

1956 • 37 citations

Splines and efficiency in dynamic programming

1976 • 35 citations

A comparison and evaluation of three machine learning procedures as applied to the game of checkers

1974 • 29 citations

The CDP: A Unifying Formulation for Heuristic Search, Dynamic Programming, and Branch-and-Bound

1988 • 29 citations

Signature Table Systems and Learning

1982 • 25 citations

A learning machine with monologue

1969 • 24 citations

STELLA: A scheme for a learning machine

1963 • 24 citations

A neural model of adaptive behavior

1983 • 16 citations

Human operators and automatic adaptive controllers: A comparative study on a particular control task

1973 • 13 citations

Applications of artificial intelligence techniques to a spacecraft control problem

1967 • 12 citations

Computational Capabilities of Single Neurons: Relationship to Simple Forms of Associative and Nonassociative Learning in Aplysia

1989 • 10 citations

Game-theoretic cooperativity in networks of self-interested units

1987 • 5 citations

A New Machine-Learning Technique Applied to the Game of Checkers

1966 • 5 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations