Controversy: Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation or transcranial direct current stimulation shows efficacy in treating psychiatric diseases (depression, mania, schizophrenia, obsessive-complusive disorder, panic, posttraumatic stress disorder)

Parallel Organization of Functionally Segregated Circuits Linking Basal Ganglia and Cortex

1986 • 8,208 citations

Efficacy and Safety of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Acute Treatment of Major Depression: A Multisite Randomized Controlled Trial

2007 • 1,641 citations

Rapid-rate transcranial magnetic stimulation of left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in drug-resistant depression

1996 • 1,204 citations

Using the International 10-20 EEG System for Positioning of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2003 • 984 citations

Daily repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) improves mood in depression

1995 • 913 citations

Effects of Stimulus Intensity and Electrode Placement on the Efficacy and Cognitive Effects of Electroconvulsive Therapy

1993 • 901 citations

A Prospective, Randomized, Double-blind Comparison of Bilateral and Right Unilateral Electroconvulsive Therapy at Different Stimulus Intensities

2000 • 761 citations

The anatomy of melancholia – focal abnormalities of cerebral blood flow in major depression

1992 • 718 citations

Is there a future for therapeutic use of transcranial magnetic stimulation?

2007 • 654 citations

Continuation Pharmacotherapy in the Prevention of Relapse Following Electroconvulsive Therapy

2001 • 645 citations

Mood Improvement Following Daily Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Patients With Depression: A Placebo-Controlled Crossover Trial

1997 • 568 citations

A randomized, double-blind clinical trial on the efficacy of cortical direct current stimulation for the treatment of major depression

2007 • 535 citations

Regional cerebral blood flow in depression measured by positron emission tomography: the relationship with clinical dimensions

1993 • 530 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression

2003 • 517 citations

Neuropsychiatric applications of transcranial magnetic stimulation: a meta analysis

2002 • 512 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

1999 • 489 citations

Effects of pulse width and electrode placement on the efficacy and cognitive effects of electroconvulsive therapy

2008 • 465 citations

A controlled trial of daily left prefrontal cortex TMS for treating depression

2000 • 457 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression

2003 • 445 citations

Sham TMS: intracerebral measurement of the induced electrical field and the induction of motor-evoked potentials

2001 • 416 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in therapy studies: examination of the reliability of “standard” coil positioning by neuronavigation

2001 • 369 citations

A Randomized, Controlled Trial of Sequential Bilateral Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Treatment-Resistant Depression

2006 • 342 citations

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of obsessive–compulsive disorder (OCD) and Tourette's syndrome (TS)

2005 • 333 citations

Decreased Regional Brain Metabolism After ECT

2001 • 324 citations

Effect of prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obsessive-compulsive disorder: a preliminary study

1997 • 315 citations

A randomized clinical trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of major depression

2000 • 292 citations

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) in pharmacotherapy-refractory major depression: comparative study of fast, slow and sham rTMS

1999 • 290 citations

How Coil–Cortex Distance Relates to Age, Motor Threshold, and Antidepressant Response to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2000 • 287 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in controlled treatment studies: are some “sham” forms active?

2000 • 287 citations

Slow Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation, Long-Term Depotentiation, and Brain Hyperexcitability Disorders

2002 • 283 citations

Regional Cerebral Blood Flow in Mood Disorders, III

1994 • 261 citations

The Use of Rapid-Rate Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Refractory Depressed Patients

1998 • 261 citations

Temporoparietal Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation for Auditory Hallucinations: Safety, Efficacy and Moderators in a Fifty Patient Sample

2005 • 260 citations

Regional cerebral blood flow abnormalities in depressed patients with cognitive impairment.

1992 • 250 citations

Effectiveness of electroconvulsive therapy in community settings

2004 • 245 citations

Application of transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment of drug‐resistant major depression—a report of two cases

1993 • 244 citations

Efficacy of Slow Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Resistant Auditory Hallucinations in Schizophrenia

2007 • 242 citations

The transcranial magnetic stimulation motor threshold depends on the distance from coil to underlying cortex: a replication in healthy adults comparing two methods of assessing the distance to cortex

2001 • 241 citations

Left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) treatment of depression in bipolar affective disorder: a pilot study of acute safety and efficacy

2003 • 236 citations

Meta-Analysis of Left Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) to Treat Depression

2002 • 234 citations

Right Prefrontal Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder: A Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Study

2001 • 229 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation of left temporoparietal cortex in three patients reporting hallucinated “voices”

1999 • 227 citations

A meta-analysis of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in the treatment of depression.

2001 • 210 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Mania: A Controlled Study

1998 • 205 citations

Treatment of Vascular Depression Using Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2008 • 203 citations

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depression Relation between Efficacy and Stimulation Intensity

2002 • 191 citations

Antidepressant effects of augmentative transcranial magnetic stimulation

2007 • 184 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) in the treatment of major depression — a pilot study

1995 • 181 citations

Acute left prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients is associated with immediately increased activity in prefrontal cortical as well as subcortical regions

2004 • 171 citations

Effect of transcranial magnetic stimulation in posttraumatic stress disorder: a preliminary study

1998 • 170 citations

Brain Effects of TMS Delivered Over Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adults

2001 • 158 citations

Pharmacologic management of aggression in the elderly.

1990 • 156 citations

Plasma Concentrations of Neuroactive Steroids before and after Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in Major Depression

2002 • 154 citations

Factors Modifying the Efficacy of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depression

2006 • 151 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in neuropsychiatry

2000 • 151 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation: a neuropsychiatric tool for the 21st century

1996 • 146 citations

Therapeutic Effects of Individualized Alpha Frequency Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ( TMS) on the Negative Symptoms of Schizophrenia

2005 • 140 citations

Safety and benefits of distance-adjusted prefrontal transcranial magnetic stimulation in depressed patients 55-75 years of age: A pilot study

2004 • 139 citations

Transcranial direct current stimulation and the visual cortex

2005 • 139 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in depression and schizophrenia

1994 • 133 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation for treating depression

2002 • 126 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Acute Treatment of Major Depressive Disorder

2008 • 122 citations

Long-Term Maintenance Therapy for Major Depressive Disorder With rTMS

2005 • 116 citations

High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) of the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in schizophrenic patients

2000 • 115 citations

Brain imaging as a tool in establishing a theory of brain pathology in obsessive compulsive disorder.

1990 • 115 citations

Slow magnetic stimulation of prefrontal cortex in depression and schizophrenia

1997 • 114 citations

Can left prefrontal rTMS be used as a maintenance treatment for bipolar depression?

2004 • 112 citations

Mechanisms and State of the Art of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2002 • 111 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in treatment-resistant depressed patients: A double-blind, placebo-controlled trial

2005 • 110 citations

A randomized trial of low-frequency right-prefrontal-cortex transcranial magnetic stimulation as augmentation in treatment-resistant major depression

2006 • 100 citations

Priming Stimulation Enhances the Effectiveness of Low-Frequency Right Prefrontal Cortex Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Major Depression

2008 • 96 citations

PET imaging in obsessive compulsive disorder with and without depression.

1990 • 94 citations

Physical properties and quantification of the ECT stimulus: I. Basic principles.

1994 • 94 citations

Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in Neuropsychiatry

2000 • 92 citations

Focal electrical stimulation as a sham control for repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: Does it truly mimic the cutaneous sensation and pain of active prefrontal repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation?

2007 • 89 citations

Interleaved Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation/Functional MRI Confirms that Lamotrigine Inhibits Cortical Excitability in Healthy Young Men

2004 • 88 citations

Right prefrontal TMS versus sham treatment of mania: a controlled study

2003 • 85 citations

The Efficacy of ECT in Mixed Affective States

2000 • 78 citations

How Coil-Cortex Distance Relates to Age, Motor Threshold, and Antidepressant Response to Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation

2000 • 78 citations

Repetitive Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation (rTMS) in the treatment of Panic Disorder (PD) with comorbid major depression

2007 • 76 citations

Development and evaluation of a portable sham transcranial magnetic stimulation system

2007 • 74 citations

Brain stimulation for the treatment of psychiatric disorders

2007 • 72 citations

Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as an augmentation treatment for the negative symptoms of schizophrenia: A 4-week randomized placebo controlled study

2008 • 67 citations

The treatment of recurring auditory hallucinations in schizophrenia with rTMS

2006 • 61 citations

ECT in Mixed Affective States: A Case Series

2000 • 56 citations

The effect of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) add on serotonin reuptake inhibitors in patients with panic disorder: a randomized, double blind sham controlled study.

2007 • 54 citations

Naturalistic Study of the use of Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation in the Treatment of Depressive Relapse

2006 • 46 citations

Brain Effects of TMS Delivered Over Prefrontal Cortex in Depressed Adults: Role of Stimulation Frequency and Coil-Cortex Distance

2001 • 43 citations

Post-traumatic stress disorder: an evaluation of existing pharmacotherapies and new strategies

2007 • 40 citations

The Neuroscience of Clinical Psychiatry: The Pathophysiology of Behavior and Mental Illness

2007 • 39 citations

Serum levels of thyroid hormones as biological markers in a Swedish forensic psychiatric population

1998 • 33 citations

Mechanisms of Action of Electroconvulsive Therapy: Functional Brain Imaging Studies

1998 • 31 citations

rTMS studies of mood and emotion.

1999 • 28 citations

Transcranial magnetic stimulation in an amphetamine hyperactivity model of mania

2001 • 26 citations

Brain Imaging Studies of Antidepressant Treatments

1994 • 26 citations

Effects of antidepressant pharmacotherapy after repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in major depression: an open follow-up study

2003 • 25 citations

Low frequency daily left prefrontal rTMS improves mood in bipolar depression: a placebo-controlled case report

1998 • 24 citations

Why would you ever want to?: Toward understanding the antidepressant effect of prefrontal rTMS

1998 • 14 citations

ECT for the treatment of intractable mania in two prepubertal male children.

1997 • 13 citations

310. Transcranial magnetic stimulation and hallucinated ‘voices’

1998 • 11 citations

252. Does TMS have bipolar efficacy in both depression and mania?

1998 • 7 citations

ECT and mania

1995 • 5 citations