What are Bacterial Species?

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Animal Species and Evolution

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EVOLUTION IN MENDELIAN POPULATIONS

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Report of the Ad Hoc Committee on Reconciliation of Approaches to Bacterial Systematics

1987 • 7,186 citations

Taxonomic Note: A Place for DNA-DNA Reassociation and 16S rRNA Sequence Analysis in the Present Species Definition in Bacteriology

1994 • 6,734 citations

Identification of bacteria by gas chromatography of cellular fatty acids

1990 • 6,072 citations

Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification

1973 • 5,043 citations

Phylogeography: the history and formation of species

2000 • 4,693 citations

Variation and Evolution in Plants

1950 • 4,163 citations

Phylogenetic Systematics

1965 • 3,932 citations

Lateral gene transfer and the nature of bacterial innovation

2000 • 3,715 citations

Multilocus sequence typing: A portable approach to the identification of clones within populations of pathogenic microorganisms

1998 • 3,708 citations

Numerical Taxonomy: The Principles and Practice of Numerical Classification

1974 • 3,344 citations

Phylogeography

2000 • 3,187 citations

The struggle for existence

1934 • 2,430 citations

Impact of Culture-Independent Studies on the Emerging Phylogenetic View of Bacterial Diversity

1998 • 2,361 citations

The Growth of Biological Thought: Diversity, Evolution, and Inheritance

1982 • 2,170 citations

Principles of Animal Taxonomy

1961 • 2,050 citations

Genome sequence of enterohaemorrhagic Escherichia coli O157:H7

2001 • 2,017 citations

Genomic-sequence comparison of two unrelated isolates of the human gastric pathogen Helicobacter pylori

1999 • 1,904 citations

How clonal are bacteria?

1993 • 1,804 citations

The struggle for existence

1934 • 1,615 citations

STATISTICAL PROPERTIES OF THE NUMBER OF RECOMBINATION EVENTS IN THE HISTORY OF A SAMPLE OF DNA SEQUENCES

1985 • 1,603 citations

Polyphasic taxonomy, a consensus approach to bacterial systematics

1996 • 1,506 citations

Modes of Speciation.

1978 • 1,300 citations

Adaptive radiation in a heterogeneous environment

1998 • 1,288 citations

The Evolutionary Species Concept Reconsidered

1978 • 1,116 citations

Complete Genome Sequence of Neisseria meningitidis Serogroup B Strain MC58

2000 • 1,098 citations

Molecular archaeology of the Escherichia coli genome

1998 • 937 citations

Delineation of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Stricto, Borrelia garinii sp. nov., and Group VS461 Associated with Lyme Borreliosis

1992 • 882 citations

ECOLOGICAL SPECIES, MULTISPECIES, AND OAKS

1976 • 858 citations

Genome sequences of Chlamydia trachomatis MoPn and Chlamydia pneumoniae AR39

2000 • 771 citations

A cladistic measure of gene flow inferred from the phylogenies of alleles.

1989 • 767 citations

The meaning of species and speciation: a genetic perspective.

1989 • 732 citations

The barrier to recombination between Escherichia coli and Salmonella typhimurium is disrupted in mismatch-repair mutants

1989 • 728 citations

Complete DNA sequence of a serogroup A strain of Neisseria meningitidis Z2491

2000 • 714 citations

Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist

1943 • 702 citations

Systematics and the Origin of Species from the View-Point of a Zoologist

1943 • 685 citations

New method for generating deletions and gene replacements in Escherichia coli

1989 • 680 citations

Interpreting the universal phylogenetic tree

2000 • 643 citations

Free recombination within Helicobacter pylori

1998 • 591 citations

Sympatric speciation in animals: new wine in old bottles

1994 • 507 citations

Systematic changes in gene expression patterns following adaptive evolution in yeast

1999 • 471 citations

Identification of Bacillus Strains Using the API System

1984 • 447 citations

The Biological Species Concept: A Critical Evaluation

1970 • 441 citations

Environmental Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

2001 • 424 citations

A Coalescent Estimator of the Population Recombination Rate

1997 • 416 citations

Localized sex in bacteria

1991 • 413 citations

Taxonomic Note: Implementation of the Provisional Status Candidatus for Incompletely Described Procaryotes

1995 • 411 citations

Unfinished Synthesis: Biological Hierarchies and Modern Evolutionary Thought

1985 • 402 citations

Recombination in Escherichia coli and the definition of biological species

1991 • 402 citations

Estimating the recombination parameter of a finite population model without selection

2007 • 395 citations

Discovery and Classification of Ecological Diversity in the Bacterial World: The Role of DNA Sequence Data

1997 • 388 citations

Variation and Evolution in Plants.

1951 • 383 citations

The General Lineage Concept of Species, Species Criteria, and the Process of Speciation

1998 • 368 citations

How Salmonella became a pathogen

1997 • 367 citations

Bacterial Species and Speciation

2001 • 367 citations

Estimating the recombination parameter of a finite population model without selection

1987 • 351 citations

Molecular Phylogeny of the Genus Frankia and Related Genera and Emendation of the Family Frankiaceae

1996 • 349 citations

Multilocus Sequence Typing ofStreptococcus pyogenesand the Relationships betweenemmType and Clone

2001 • 336 citations

Environmental Diversity of Bacteria and Archaea

2001 • 319 citations

Molecular keys to speciation: DNA polymorphism and the control of genetic exchange in enterobacteria

1997 • 308 citations

The relative contributions of recombination and mutation to the divergence of clones of Neisseria meningitidis

1999 • 301 citations

Periodic Selection in Escherichia Coli

1951 • 301 citations

Santa Rosalia revisited: why are there so many species of bacteria?

1998 • 286 citations

Long‐Term Experimental Evolution inEscherichia coli. VIII. Dynamics of a Balanced Polymorphism

2000 • 276 citations

Repeated evolution of an acetate-crossfeeding polymorphism in long-term populations of Escherichia coli

1998 • 271 citations

Estimating Recombinational Parameters in Streptococcus pneumoniae From Multilocus Sequence Typing Data

2000 • 259 citations

Fitness effects of advantageous mutations in evolving Escherichia coli populations

2001 • 255 citations

On the Role of Species in Anagenesis

1987 • 246 citations

PCR-based subtractive hybridization and differences in gene content among strains of Helicobacter pylori

1998 • 232 citations

Sleuthing out bacterial identities

1989 • 231 citations

Use of Nucleic-Acid Homologies in the Taxonomy of Anaerobic Bacteria

1973 • 197 citations

Note: Relationship of Bacillus subtilis clades associated with strains 168 and W23: A proposal for Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis subsp. nov. and Bacillus subtilis subsp. spizizenii subsp. nov.

1999 • 192 citations

Frequent interspecific genetic exchange between commensal neisseriae and Neisseria meningitidis

2000 • 163 citations

Fit genotypes and escape variants of subgroup III Neisseria meningitidis during three pandemics of epidemic meningitis

2001 • 145 citations

Expanding the Known Diversity and Environmental Distribution of an Uncultured Phylogenetic Division of Bacteria

2000 • 144 citations

RECOMBINATION AND MIGRATION RATES IN NATURAL POPULATIONS OFBACILLUS SUBTILISANDBACILLUS MOJAVENSIS

1995 • 142 citations

On Relationships Among Various Types of Population Models

1973 • 137 citations

Bacillus sonorensis sp. nov., a close relative of Bacillus licheniformis, isolated from soil in the Sonoran Desert, Arizona.

2001 • 135 citations

Highly Ordered Vertical Structure of Synechococcus Populations within the One-Millimeter-Thick Photic Zone of a Hot Spring Cyanobacterial Mat

2000 • 133 citations

Population Genetics of Bacterial Pathogenesis

1990 • 128 citations

Gene transfer is a major factor in bacterial evolution

1996 • 128 citations

Genetic exchange and evolutionary divergence in prokaryotes

1994 • 126 citations

Database-driven Multi Locus Sequence Typing (MLST) of bacterial pathogens

2001 • 126 citations

Restriction and modification in B. subtilis

1974 • 125 citations

Adapt Globally, Act Locally: The Effect of Selective Sweeps on Bacterial Sequence Diversity

1999 • 113 citations

Systematics and the Origin of Species from the Viewpoint of a Zoologist

1999 • 108 citations

The population genetics of bacteria

1991 • 106 citations

The Effect of Mismatch Repair and Heteroduplex Formation on Sexual Isolation in Bacillus

1998 • 106 citations

Dynamics of Penicillin‐Susceptible Clones in Invasive Pneumococcal Disease

2001 • 105 citations

The Effects of Rare but Promiscuous Genetic Exchange on Evolutionary Divergence in Prokaryotes

1994 • 98 citations

Towards A Practical Species Concept for Cultivable Bacteria

1997 • 83 citations

Transduction, restriction and recombination patterns in Escherichia coli.

1995 • 78 citations

Protein-coding genes as molecular markers for ecologically distinct populations: the case of two Bacillus species.

2000 • 78 citations

THE POTENTIAL FOR GENETIC EXCHANGE BY TRANSFORMATION WITHIN A NATURAL POPULATION OFBACILLUS SUBTILIS

1991 • 71 citations

Restriction and modification in B. subtilis

1980 • 70 citations

Experimental Approaches to the Study of Bacterial Phylogeny

1963 • 67 citations

A numerical phenotypic taxonomic study of the genus Neisseria

1994 • 65 citations

Identification of the Major Spanish Clones of Penicillin-Resistant Pneumococci via the Internet Using Multilocus Sequence Typing

2000 • 61 citations

Further evidence for the non-clonal population structure of Neisseria gonorrhoeae: extensive genetic diversity within isolates of the same electrophoretic type

1994 • 54 citations

Molecular Epidemiology of Serogroup A Meningitis in Moscow, 1969 to 1997

2001 • 52 citations

Identification of Genes Present Specifically in a Virulent Strain of Klebsiella pneumoniae

2000 • 50 citations

Molecular Epidemiology of Serogroup A Meningitis in Moscow, 1969 to 1997

2001 • 50 citations

The role of genetic exchange in bacterial evolution

1996 • 47 citations

Increasing DNA Transfer Efficiency by Temporary Inactivation of Host Restriction

1999 • 47 citations

Analysis of the Genetic Polymorphism of Borrelia burgdorferi Sensu Lato by Multilocus Enzyme Electrophoresis

1996 • 46 citations

Development of the BIOLOG substrate utilization system for identification of Legionella spp

1991 • 46 citations

Bacterial Species and Speciation

2001 • 44 citations

The size and continuity of DNA segments integrated in Bacillus transformation.

1995 • 43 citations

Recombination and Migration Rates in Natural Populations of Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus mojavensis

1995 • 41 citations

Restriction and Modification

2001 • 38 citations

On the Nature of the Species

1954 • 35 citations

GENETIC EXCHANGE BETWEEN BACILLUS SUBTILIS AND BACILLUS LICHENIFORMIS : VARIABLE HYBRID STABILITY AND THE NATURE OF BACTERIAL SPECIES

1989 • 35 citations

THE ORIGIN OF BACTERIAL SPECIES

1960 • 34 citations

The Potential for Genetic Exchange by Transformation within a Natural Population of Bacillus subtilis

1991 • 31 citations

How specific is the first recognition step of homologous recombination?

1995 • 26 citations

The Population Genetics of Bacteria

1989 • 15 citations

Bergey's manual of determinative bacteriology, by Robert S. Breed [and others]

1957 • 13 citations

Integration of heterologous DNA into the genome of Paracoccus denitrificans is mediated by a family of IS1248-related elements and a second type of integrative recombination event

1995 • 13 citations

Future of Numerical Taxonomy

1985 • 13 citations

Population Genetics of Bacterial Pathogenesis

1990 • 13 citations

Genetic Exchange between Bacillus subtilis and Bacillus licheniformis: Variable Hybrid Stability and the Nature of Bacterial Species

1989 • 10 citations

Clonal structure: an overview

2002 • 6 citations