Measuring the Automatic Components of Prejudice: Flexibility and Generality of the Implicit Association Test

The Nature of Prejudice

1954 • 13,437 citations

Measuring individual differences in implicit cognition: The implicit association test.

1998 • 8,437 citations

Attitudinal effects of mere exposure.

1968 • 6,194 citations

Implicit social cognition: Attitudes, self-esteem, and stereotypes.

1995 • 5,669 citations

Stereotypes and prejudice: Their automatic and controlled components.

1989 • 5,169 citations

In-group bias in the minimal intergroup situation: A cognitive-motivational analysis.

1979 • 3,297 citations

Variability in automatic activation as an unobstrusive measure of racial attitudes: A bona fide pipeline?

1995 • 1,822 citations

Modern racism, ambivalence, and the Modern Racism Scale.

1986 • 1,535 citations

On the Nature of Prejudice: Automatic and Controlled Processes

1997 • 1,267 citations

Journal of Experimental Social Psychology

1965 • 1,062 citations

Social Identity and Social Cognition

1999 • 893 citations

Reducing intergroup bias: The benefits of recategorization.

1989 • 769 citations

Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures.

1997 • 680 citations

Prejudice and racism

1972 • 663 citations

Implicit and Explicit Attitudes Toward Female Authority

2000 • 579 citations

The bogus pipeline: A new paradigm for measuring affect and attitude.

1971 • 574 citations

Evidence for racial prejudice at the implicit level and its relationship with questionnaire measures.

1997 • 573 citations

Us and them: Social categorization and the process of intergroup bias.

1990 • 476 citations

Extending the Benefits of Recategorization: Evaluations, Self-Disclosure, and Helping

1997 • 457 citations

Reaching beyond race

1997 • 423 citations

Some Roots of Prejudice

1946 • 408 citations

Evidence for the automaticity of ageism

1990 • 314 citations

The Attitudes Toward Women Scale and Attitude Change in College Students

1997 • 306 citations

Effect sizes and p values: What should be reported and what should be replicated?

1996 • 276 citations

Stereotypes and ethnocentrism: Diverging interethnic perceptions of African American and White American youth.

1995 • 250 citations

Psychology and prejudice: A historical analysis and integrative framework.

1992 • 233 citations

Words high and low in pleasantness as rated by male and female college students

1986 • 178 citations

Implicit self-esteem.

1999 • 124 citations

Stereotyping of the elderly: A functional approach

1994 • 100 citations

A Review: Actual Trends or Measurement Artifacts? A Review of Three Studies of Anti-Semitism

1993 • 28 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations