Energy Balance Climate Models

Higher Transcendental Functions

1981 • 7,922 citations

Variations in the Earth's Orbit: Pacemaker of the Ice Ages

1976 • 3,562 citations

Thermal Equilibrium of the Atmosphere with a Given Distribution of Relative Humidity

1967 • 1,622 citations

Long-Term Variations of Caloric Insolation Resulting from the Earth's Orbital Elements

1978 • 1,384 citations

Stochastic climate models: Part I. Theory

1976 • 1,369 citations

The effect of solar radiation variations on the climate of the Earth

1969 • 1,354 citations

A Global Climatic Model Based on the Energy Balance of the Earth-Atmosphere System

1969 • 1,077 citations

The Effects of Doubling the CO₂Concentration on the climate of a General Circulation Model

1975 • 1,046 citations

Multiple Flow Equilibria in the Atmosphere and Blocking

1979 • 897 citations

Earth and Mars: Evolution of Atmospheres and Surface Temperatures

1972 • 896 citations

Stochastic Climate Models

2001 • 740 citations

Stochastic climate models, Part II Application to sea-surface temperature anomalies and thermocline variability

1977 • 731 citations

Introduction to Thermodynamics

2000 • 563 citations

Theory of Energy-Balance Climate Models

1975 • 367 citations

Climate Response and Fluctuation Dissipation

1975 • 363 citations

Global dynamics and climate ‐ a system of minimum entropy exchange

1975 • 358 citations

Axially Symmetric Steady-State Models of the Basic State for Instability and Climate Studies. Part II. Nonlinear Calculations

1977 • 320 citations

Climate modeling through radiative‐convective models

1978 • 310 citations

Milankovitch solar radiation variations and ice age ice sheet sizes

1976 • 301 citations

Enhanced CO2 greenhouse to compensate for reduced solar luminosity on early Earth

1979 • 298 citations

Climate Change: An Appraisal of Atmospheric Feedback Mechanisms Employing Zonal Climatology

1976 • 295 citations

The Effects of Changing the Solar Constant on the Climate of a General Circulation Model

1975 • 285 citations

Implications of Solar Evolution for the Earth's Early Atmosphere

1977 • 281 citations

On the Use of Earth Radiation Budget Statistics for Studies of Clouds and Climate

1980 • 259 citations

The Evolution of the Atmosphere of the Earth

1959 • 247 citations

Analytical Solution to a Simple Climate Model with Diffusive Heat Transport

1975 • 232 citations

Climate Stability for a Sellers-Type Model

1976 • 216 citations

Free Oscillations in a Climate Model with Ice-Sheet Dynamics

1979 • 204 citations

Volcanic Dust, Sunspots, and Temperature Trends

1975 • 195 citations

The steady‐state format of global climate

1978 • 194 citations

Mount Agung Eruption Provides Test of a Global Climatic Perturbation

1978 • 192 citations

Constraints on dynamical transports of energy on a spherical planet

1978 • 191 citations

Increased atmospheric CO₂: Zonal and seasonal estimates of the effect on the radiation energy balance and surface temperature

1979 • 167 citations

Differences between Seasonal and Mean Annual Energy Balance Model Calculations of Climate and Climate Sensitivity

1979 • 166 citations

Simple albedo feedback models of the icecaps

1974 • 156 citations

A New Global Climatic Model

1973 • 150 citations

Initial Solar Irradiance Determinations from Nimbus 7 Cavity Radiometer Measurements

1980 • 135 citations

The sensitivity of an energy balance climate model to variations in the orbital parameters

1979 • 132 citations

A Survey of Statistical-Dynamical Models of the Terrestrial Climate

1978 • 129 citations

The Effect of Changes in Cloud Amount on the Net Radiation at the Top of the Atmosphere

1980 • 120 citations

Statistical Evidence on the Influence of Sunspots and Volcanic Dust on Long-Term Temperature Records

1977 • 119 citations

Forced and Free Variations of Weather and Climate

1979 • 118 citations

A global ocean-atmosphere climate model with seasonal variation for future studies of climate sensitivity

1979 • 111 citations

Quasi-Geostrophic Response of an Infinite β-Plane Ocean to Stochastic Forcing by the Atmosphere

1979 • 108 citations

Internally and Externally Caused Climate Change

1978 • 106 citations

Stochastic climate models, part 3. Application to zonally averaged energy models

1977 • 105 citations

Seasonal Simulation as a Test for Uncertainties in the Parameterizations of a Budyko-Sellers Zonal Climate Model

1979 • 104 citations

Energy Balance Climate Models: A Reappraisal of Ice-Albedo Feedback

1977 • 102 citations

Climate Sensitivity from Fluctuation Dissipation: Some Simple Model Tests

1980 • 94 citations

Some Realistic Modifications of Simple Climate Models

1977 • 92 citations

Predictability of climate

1978 • 90 citations

A seasonal zonal energy balance climate model with an interactive lower layer

1979 • 89 citations

The future climate

1972 • 86 citations

Numerical experiments in climate stability

1973 • 82 citations

An investigation of the astronomical theory of the ice ages using a simple climate-ice sheet model

1978 • 81 citations

Interactions between Ice-Albedo, Lapse-Rate and Cloud-Top Feedbacks: An Analysis of the Nonlinear Response of a GCM Climate Model

1977 • 79 citations

A Stability Theorem for Energy-Balance Climate Models

1979 • 72 citations

Biosphere-Albedo Feedback and Climate Modeling

1978 • 67 citations

The annual variation in the global heat balance of the Earth

1978 • 66 citations

Variational Formulation of Budyko-Sellers Climate Models

1979 • 64 citations

Modelling climatic response to orbital parameter variations

1976 • 61 citations

A Two-Level Primitive Equation Atmospheric Model Designed for Climatic Sensitivity Experiments

1978 • 61 citations

On present-day climatic changes

1977 • 61 citations

Structural and stochastic analysis of a zero‐dimensional climate system

1978 • 60 citations

The Tropospheric Lapse Rate and Climatic Sensitivity: Experiments with a Two-Level Atmospheric Model

1978 • 60 citations

On the theory of the general circulation of the atmosphere

1962 • 59 citations

The Effect of Large-Scale Eddies on Climatic Change

1973 • 56 citations

A Study of Climate Sensitivity Using a Simple Energy Balance Model

1979 • 50 citations

Energy balance climate modeling: Comparison of radiative and dynamic feedback mechanisms

1976 • 49 citations

Energy Balance Climate Models: Stability Experiments with a Refined Albedo and Updated Coefficients for Infrared Emission

1978 • 48 citations

Response of the Joint Ocean-Atmosphere Model to the Seasonal Variation of the Solar Radiation

1972 • 43 citations

A Note on the Condition for Existence of More than One Steady-State Solution in Budyko-Sellers Type Models

1978 • 43 citations

The Woods Hole Oceanographic Institution

1988 • 41 citations

On the Branching Structure of Diffusive Climatological Models

1977 • 38 citations

Direct Measurement of Solar Luminosity Variation

1980 • 38 citations

Climatic change in cosmic perspective

1965 • 37 citations

Numerical Simulation of the January and July Global Climate with a Two-Level Atmospheric Model

1977 • 37 citations

Analytical Analysis of a Budyko-Type Climate Model

1975 • 34 citations

Note on the effect of Earth orbital radiation variations on climate

1971 • 32 citations

On the Role of Zonal Asymmetries in Climate Change

1979 • 30 citations

Air-Ocean-Icecap Interactions in Relation to Climatic Fluctuations and Glaciation Cycles

1968 • 30 citations

The Effect of Changes in the Earth's Obliquity on the Distribution of Mean Annual Sea-Level Temperatures

1970 • 30 citations

Feedbacks in Vertical-Column Energy Balance Models

1977 • 25 citations

Nonlinear Albedo-Temperature Coupling in Climate Models

1976 • 21 citations

Stability of the Budyko Climate Model

1976 • 20 citations

Averaging of Infrared Cloud Opacities for Climate Modeling

1978 • 19 citations

Internal Climatic Mechanisms Participating in Glaciation Cycles

1981 • 19 citations

Testing Energy Balance Climate Models

1979 • 18 citations

Ice ages and the Milankovitch theory: A study of interactive climate feedback mechanisms

1979 • 18 citations

The Effect of Nonlinear Diffusive Heat Transport in a Simple Climate Model

1978 • 12 citations

THE HEATING DISTRIBUTION IN THE ATMOSPHERE AND CLIMATIC CHANGE

1960 • 9 citations

CLIMATE MODELS AND VARIATIONS IN THE SOLAR CONSTANT.

1974 • 8 citations

Latitude-Dependent Sensitivity to Stationary Perturbations in Simple Climate Models

1980 • 3 citations