Social stress by repeated defeat: effects on social behaviour and emotionality

Statistical methods

1967 • 19,533 citations

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis.

1976 • 6,498 citations

Validation of open : closed arm entries in an elevated plus-maze as a measure of anxiety in the rat

1985 • 5,596 citations

Sociobiology: The New Synthesis.

1976 • 2,910 citations

The use of a plus-maze to measure anxiety in the mouse

1987 • 2,571 citations

Species-specific defense reactions and avoidance learning.

1970 • 1,591 citations

Emotional behavior in the rat. I. Defecation and urination as measures of individual differences in emotionality.

1934 • 1,281 citations

A Comparison of the Social Postures of Some Common Laboratory Rodents

1963 • 1,158 citations

Effects of alpha-adrenoceptor agonists and antagonists in a maze-exploration model of ?fear?-motivated behaviour

1984 • 951 citations

The relation between fear induced by novel stimulation and exploratory drive.

1955 • 900 citations

CAN SOCIAL INTERACTION BE USED TO MEASURE ANXIETY?

1978 • 782 citations

Anxiogenic stimuli in the elevated plus-maze

1993 • 626 citations

Sex differences in animal tests of anxiety

1991 • 576 citations

Rodent sex differences in emotional and related behavior

1975 • 390 citations

Social model of depression in mice of C57BL/6J strain

1991 • 387 citations

Multidisciplinary approaches to aggression research

1981 • 360 citations

DETERMINANTS OF EMOTIONALITY IN RAT

1957 • 341 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor antagonist reduces emotionality in socially defeated rats via direct neurotropic action

1992 • 333 citations

Animal models of anxiety: the effect of compounds that modify 5-HT neurotransmission

1987 • 280 citations

The reliability of the hole-board apparatus

1975 • 209 citations

A new animal model of endogenous depression: A summary of present findings

1990 • 203 citations

Anxiety enhancement in the murine elevated plus maze by immediate prior exposure to social stressors

1993 • 200 citations

Corticotropin-Releasing Factor Receptors and Pituitary Adrenal Responses during Immobilization Stress

1988 • 200 citations

Experimental approaches to anxiety and depression

1993 • 192 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor modulates defensive-withdrawal and exploratory behavior in rats.

1989 • 190 citations

Corticotropin-releasing factor modulates defensive-withdrawal and exploratory behavior in rats.

1989 • 171 citations

Motivational systems of agonistic behavior in muroid rodents: A comparative review and neural model

1980 • 168 citations

Characterization of stress-induced long-term behavioural changes in rats: Evidence in favor of anxiety

1992 • 165 citations

Behavioral correlates of chronic dominance-subordination relationships of male rats in a seminatural situation

1990 • 158 citations

Discrimination of the Odor of Stressed Rats

1968 • 151 citations

Life-span studies of dominance and aggression in established colonies of laboratory rats

1988 • 150 citations

Affect and Aggression: An Animal Model Applied to Human Behavior

1984 • 143 citations

A possible alarm substance in the forced swimming test

1990 • 136 citations

Serotonin, but not dopamine, metabolites are increased in selected brain regions of subordinate male rats in a colony environment

1991 • 128 citations

Escape, exploratory, and food-seeking responses of rats in a novel situation.

1959 • 127 citations

Does neophobia necessarily imply fear or anxiety?

1986 • 122 citations

The Relation of Scent-Marking, Olfactory Investigation, and Specific Postures in the Isolation-Induced Fighting of Rats

1976 • 116 citations

Effect of conditioned fear stress on serotonin metabolism in the rat brain

1993 • 105 citations

The comparison of benzodiazepine derivatives and serotonergic agonists and antagonists in two animal models of anxiety

1992 • 103 citations

Defensive reactions and exploratory behavior in rats.

1974 • 101 citations

Behavioural strategies of aggressive and non-aggressive male mice in active shock avoidance

1989 • 84 citations

The Effect of Severe Defeat at Various Age Levels on the Aggressive Behavior of Mice

1951 • 82 citations

A further analysis of behavioral and endocrine effects of unpredictable chronic stress

1988 • 81 citations

Discrimination of odors from stressed rats by non-stressed rats

1980 • 76 citations

The specificity of social stress

1991 • 76 citations

Development of dominance in domestic rats in laboratory and seminatural environments

1989 • 73 citations

Behavior and corticosteroid response of maudsley reactive and nonreactive rats in the open field and forced swimming test

1991 • 70 citations

Behavioral consequences of agonistic experience in rats: sex differences and the effects of testosterone.

1982 • 62 citations

Behavioural responses to single and repeated restraint in male and female rats

1992 • 59 citations

An ethological model for the study of activation and interaction of pain, memory and defensive systems in the attacked mouse. Role of endogenous opioids

1990 • 55 citations

Behavioral consequences of agonistic experience in rats: Sex differences and the effects of testosterone.

1982 • 54 citations

Sex-dependent effects of inescapable shock administration on behavior and subsequent escape performance in rats

1989 • 53 citations

Fear and aggression in the rat

1984 • 53 citations

Specific anti-aggressive effects of fluprazine hydrochloride

1985 • 51 citations

Agonistic Communication in Social Species: What Is Communicated?

1990 • 41 citations

Effects of single and repeated restraint on the social behavior of male rats

1993 • 38 citations

Diazepam—stress interactions in the rat: Effects on autoanalgesia and a plus-maze model of anxiety

1990 • 37 citations

Restraint stress-induced changes in saccharin preference: The effect of antideprressive treatment and diazepam

1989 • 37 citations

‘Anxiety’ in laboratory rodents: a brief review of some recent behavioural developments

1991 • 34 citations

Effects of repeated defeat by a dominant conspecific on subsequent pain sensitivity, open-field activity, and escape learning

1988 • 33 citations

Behavioral Effects in Adulthood of Serotonin Depletion by P-Chlorophenylalanine Given Neonatally to Male Rats

1988 • 30 citations

Defensive aggression and testosterone-dependent intermale social aggression are each elicited by food competition

1988 • 26 citations

Maudsley reactive and nonreactive rats in the forced swim test: Comparison in fresh water and solied water

1992 • 25 citations

Gonadal Hormones and Sex Differences in Aggression in Rats

1981 • 24 citations

Ethological analysis of the male rat's socioagonistic behavior in a resident-intruder paradigm

1990 • 23 citations

Criterion for learned helplessness in the rat: A redefinition

1990 • 22 citations

OPEN‐FIELD DEFECATION IN RATS: RELATIONSHIPS WITH BODY WEIGHT AND BASAL DEFECATION LEVEL

1973 • 21 citations

The Sex Hormones and Emotional Behavior: III. The Effect of Castration Upon Timidity in Male and Female Rats

1940 • 21 citations

Comment on Archer's paper: ‘Sex differences in the emotional behaviour of laboratory mice’

1979 • 17 citations

Relationship between mousekilling and conspecific aggression in the male rat

1983 • 17 citations

Role of olfactory cues in acquisition and extinction of avoidance.

1974 • 15 citations

Test-specific effects of FG-7142 on isolation-induced aggression in mice

1992 • 15 citations

Aggression: Appetite or aversion?—An ethologist's viewpoint

1976 • 15 citations

Adaptive Aspects of Neuronal Elements in Agonistic Behavior

1980 • 14 citations

Effects of losing and testosterone upon subsequent behavior in male and female S3 (Tryon Maze Dull) rats

1988 • 12 citations

Sex differences in behavioral consequences of defeat in the rat are not organized by testosterone during early development

1990 • 8 citations

Latency measures indicate new place neophobia in species

1988 • 5 citations

Eltoprazine - a specific anti-aggressive drug (serenic) in animal aggression models

1989 • 2 citations