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Aggression in humans: What is its biological foundation?

Data up to Jan 2025

Published1993
Citations186
References300

Total Citations Per Year

Abstract

References (300)

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1984 • 234 citations

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1980 • 199 citations

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1980 • 198 citations

Testosterone Therapy for Low Sexual Interest and Erectile Dysfunction in Men: a Controlled Study

1984 • 195 citations

ANDROGEN PRODUCTION AND SKIN METABOLISM IN HIRSUTISM

1977 • 195 citations

Serum androgenic hormones motivate sexual behavior in adolescent boys.

1985 • 190 citations

Plasma Testosterone Levels in the Rapist

1976 • 189 citations

Androgen Responses during Physical Exercise

1973 • 187 citations

The Control of Deviant Sexual Behaviour by Drugs

1974 • 185 citations

NEURAL FACTORS RELATED TO HABITUAL AGGRESSION

1969 • 184 citations

The way in which testosterone controls the social and sexual behavior of the red deer stag (Cervus elaphus)

1972 • 183 citations

ANDROGENS, BEHAVIOUR AND NOCTURNAL ERECTION IN HYPOGONADAL MEN: THE EFFECTS OF VARYING THE REPLACEMENT DOSE

1985 • 182 citations

The family backgrounds of aggressive youths.

1978 • 175 citations

Modern concepts in psychiatric surgery

1980 • 170 citations

The aggressive characteristics of abused and neglected children

1977 • 166 citations

Ethology and pharmacology of hypothalamic aggression in the rat

1991 • 166 citations

Hormone-dependent aggression in male and female rats: Experiential, hormonal, and neural foundations

1992 • 166 citations

Naming the violence : speaking out about lesbian battering

1986 • 164 citations

Long‐term Outcome in Children with Temporal Lobe Seizures. Ill: Psychiatric Aspects in Childhood and Adult Life

1979 • 163 citations

Biological perspectives on aggression.

1984 • 162 citations

Propranolol in the treatment of rage and violent behavior in patients with chronic brain syndromes

1981 • 161 citations

Seasonal rhythm in plasma testosterone levels in the rhesus monkey (Macaca mulatta): A three year study

1976 • 159 citations

Gonadal influence on agonistic behavior in the male domestic rat

1972 • 158 citations

Violence and the Violent Individual

1982 • 157 citations

Subtyping aggression in children and adolescents

1990 • 155 citations

Effects of testosterone replacement on sexual behavior in hypogonadal men

1982 • 154 citations

Plasma testosterone level and sexual behavior of couples

1978 • 149 citations

Serum androgenic hormones motivate sexual behavior in adolescent boys

1985 • 148 citations

Aggression and anti-social behaviour in childhood and adolescence

1978 • 148 citations

Comparison of the kinetics of injectable testosterone in eugonadal and hypogonadal men

1982 • 147 citations

Plasma Testosterone, Aggressive Behavior, and Personality Dimensions in Young Male Delinquents

1980 • 147 citations

Castration for sex offenders: Treatment or punishment? A review and critique of recent European literature

1979 • 146 citations

Toward a Theory of the Genesis of Violence: A Follow-up Study of Delinquents

1989 • 145 citations

Affect and Aggression: An Animal Model Applied to Human Behavior

1984 • 143 citations

Gonadal androgen and sociosexual behavior of male mammals: A comparative analysis.

1974 • 142 citations

Testosterone removal in rats results in a decrease in social aggression and a loss of social dominance

1986 • 142 citations

Neurosurgical treatment in psychiatry, pain and epilepsy

1978 • 142 citations

Lesbians in Currently Aggressive Relationships: How Frequently Do They Report Aggressive Past Relationships?

1991 • 141 citations

Neurochemical and Psychopharmacologic Aspects of Aggressive Behavior

1990 • 141 citations

Plasma testosterone and male dominance in a Japanese macaque (Macaca fuscata) troop compared with repeated measures of testosterone in laboratory males

1974 • 139 citations

Reflexive fighting in the albino rat: Aggressive or defensive behavior?

1977 • 137 citations

Psychological and Behavioural Effects of Endogenous Testosterone Levels and Anabolic-Androgenic Steroids Among Males

1990 • 137 citations

Frequency of Physical Aggression in Heterosexual and Female Homosexual Dyads

1986 • 137 citations

Saliva testosterone and criminal violence among women

1988 • 136 citations

An approach to the neurology of aggression

1988 • 135 citations

Genetic and environmental influences on aggression in 4- to 7-year-old twins

1987 • 135 citations

Treatment of sex offenders with medroxyprogesterone acetate

1981 • 133 citations

Androgen levels and components of aggressive behavior in men

1987 • 131 citations

The septal forebrain and the inhibitory modulation of attack and defense in the rat. A review

1980 • 131 citations

Effects of age and related factors on the pain-aggression reaction.

1965 • 129 citations

Propranolol for the control of belligerent behavior following acute brain damage

1977 • 125 citations

Neural systems and the inhibitory modulation of agonistic behavior: A comparison of mammalian species

1984 • 123 citations

Somatostatin decreases food intake of rats and baboons.

1981 • 123 citations

PATTERNS OF RESPONSE TO PHYSICAL CONTACT IN EARLY HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

1964 • 123 citations

Differential effects of lesions in the amygdala, periamygdaloid cortex, and stria terminalis on aggressive behaviors in rats.

1974 • 123 citations

Play fighting and the development of agonistic behavior in male and female rats

1983 • 122 citations

Marital sex frequency and midcycle female testosterone

1987 • 118 citations

Effects of septal lesions on inter- and intraspecies aggression in rats.

1972 • 115 citations

Intimate Violence in Lesbian Relationships

1991 • 115 citations

Depth recorded limbic seizures and psychopathology

1983 • 112 citations

Excitotoxic lesions of the septum produce anxiolytic effects in the elevated plus-maze and the shock-probe burying tests

1992 • 109 citations

Neurological Findings in Adult Minimal Brain Dysfunction and the Dyscontrol Syndrome

1982 • 109 citations

Androgens, Aggressive Behaviour and Social Relationships in Higher Mammals

1983 • 108 citations

Hyperreactivity, muricide, and intraspecific aggression in the rat produced by infusion of local anesthetic into the lateral septum or surroundng areas.

1978 • 107 citations

A behavioral comparison of three lesion-induced models of aggression in the rat

1970 • 105 citations

WHICH TESTOSTERONE REPLACEMENT THERAPY?

1984 • 104 citations

Limbic epilepsy and the dyscontrol syndrome

1981 • 103 citations

Septal lesions and aggressive behavior

1977 • 103 citations

Offensive and defensive aggression in humans: A longitudinal perspective

1987 • 103 citations

Antiandrogens in the treatment of sexual deviations of men

1975 • 101 citations

Limbic lesions and reflexive fighting.

1968 • 100 citations

Social influences on plasma testosterone levels in male talapoin monkeys

1980 • 100 citations

Androgen levels and sex functions in testosterone-treated hypogonadal men

1987 • 100 citations

Temporal Lobe Aggression in Rats

1977 • 99 citations

The inhibitory modulation of agonistic behavior in the rat brain: A review

1982 • 98 citations

Antiandrogen (Cyproterone Acetate) Therapy in Deviant Hypersexuality

1972 • 95 citations

Vulnerabilities to Delinquency

1982 • 94 citations

Comparative effectiveness of carbamazepine and propranolol for rage outbursts

1990 • 94 citations

The ventromedial hypothalamus and aggressive behaviour in rats

1977 • 93 citations

Androgens and aggressive behavior in primates: A review

1980 • 93 citations

EFFECTS OF INTENSIVE SEX STEROID HORMONE THERAPY IN ADVANCED BREAST CANCER

1953 • 92 citations

Varieties of aggressive behavior in temporal lobe epilepsy

1984 • 91 citations

A comparative analysis of the role of androgen in human male and female sexual behavior: Behavioral specificity, critical thresholds, and sensitivity

1988 • 91 citations

Serum testosterone and sexual activity and interest in men

1978 • 91 citations

Effects of Testosterone on Status in Primate Groups

1976 • 89 citations

Testosterone and sexual behavior in oral contraceptive users and nonusers: A prospective study

1990 • 89 citations

Biopsychosocial Characteristics of Matched Samples of Delinquents and Nondelinquents

1987 • 87 citations

Chemically Induced Epileptiform Seizures in the Cat

1963 • 86 citations

CEREBRAL DYSFUNCTION IN REPETITIVELY ASSAULTIVE ADOLESCENTS

1978 • 84 citations

Tranquillizing effects of propranolol demonstrated in rats

1971 • 83 citations

‘Taming’ of the Wild Norway Rat by Rhinencephalic Lesions

1956 • 83 citations

HORMONE AND HORMONAL AGENTS IN THE TREATMENT OF AGGRESSION

1975 • 83 citations

Carbamazepine in hospitalized aggressive conduct disorder children: an open pilot study.

1992 • 80 citations

Stress and child abuse.

1987 • 78 citations

Psychological and serum homovanillic acid changes in men administered androgenic steroids

1991 • 77 citations

Relations between sex hormone levels and sexual behavior in men

1986 • 77 citations

Aggression and hostility in anabolic steroid users

1992 • 76 citations

A Cycle of Plasma Testosterone in the Human Male

1975 • 76 citations

TEMPORAL LOBE EPILEPSY AND AGGRESSION

1975 • 75 citations

Asexualization: A Follow-up Study of 244 Cases

1959 • 74 citations

PLASMA TESTOSTERONE LEVELS FOLLOWING SURGICAL STRESS IN MALE PATIENTS

1970 • 73 citations

Hypothalamic Astrocytoma

1983 • 73 citations

Mouse killing and hyperreactivity following lesions of the medial hypothalamus, the lateral septum, the bed nucleus of the stria terminalis, or the region ventral to the anterior septum

1979 • 73 citations

Comportement d'agression interspe´cifique et comportement alimentaire du rat: Effets de le´sions des noyaux ventro-me´dians de l'hypothalamus

1971 • 72 citations

Taming in wild rats following medial amygdaloid lesions

1984 • 71 citations

Clinical Pharmacology of Aggressive Behavior

1988 • 71 citations

Competitive fighting in the rat.

1975 • 70 citations

An Empirical Analysis of Specific Syndromes of Violent Behavior

1983 • 70 citations

Plasma androgens in violent and nonviolent sex offenders.

1983 • 70 citations

Psychopharmacology of Temper Outbursts

1986 • 69 citations

Nadolol to treat aggression and psychiatric symptomatology in chronic psychiatric inpatients: a double-blind, placebo-controlled study.

1992 • 68 citations

Influence of females on conflict among wild rats

1968 • 66 citations

Interanimal aggression and hyperreactivity following hypothalamic infusion of local anesthetic in the rat☆

1978 • 66 citations

Children and the Post-Concussion Syndrome

1961 • 66 citations

The relationship between high and low trait psychological stress, serum testosterone, and serum cortisol

1981 • 65 citations

Postweaning social experience and adult aggression in rats

1984 • 65 citations

Neuropsychological differences between violent and nonviolent adolescents

1977 • 64 citations

Autism: the treatment of aggressive behaviors.

1987 • 64 citations

Intrinsic and Environmental Characteristics of Juvenile Murderers

1988 • 64 citations

EFFECTS OF ORAL TESTOSTERONE UNDECANOATE IN HYPOGONADAL MALE PATIENTS*

1978 • 64 citations

The Aetiology of Aggression in Temporal-Lobe Epilepsy

1988 • 63 citations

Hormone-dependent aggression in male rats is proportional to serum testosterone concentration but sexual behavior is not

1990 • 62 citations

Neuro-Physiology and Behaviour Disorders in Epileptic Children

1961 • 62 citations

Review

1984 • 62 citations

Differential effects of septal lesions on attack and defensive-submissive reactions during intraspecies aggression in rats☆

1977 • 61 citations

Serum testosterone, male dominance, and aggression in captive groups of vervet monkeys (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus)

1985 • 61 citations

Long‐Term Study of Oral Testosterone Undecanoate in Hypogonadal Males

1978 • 60 citations

Illicit anabolic steroid use: a controlled personality study

1990 • 60 citations

Sex hormones in murderers and assaulters

1987 • 59 citations

Hormones, Aggression, and Dominance in Humans

1983 • 59 citations

Hormonal, anthropometrical, and behavioral correlates of physical aggression in !Kung San men of Namibia

1992 • 59 citations

Sexual behavior in adult gonadectomized female pseudohermaphrodite, female, and male rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) treated with estradiol benzoate and testosterone propionate.

1982 • 58 citations

Comparison of hyperemotionality caused by lesions in the septal and ventromedial hypothalamic areas in the rat

1969 • 58 citations

Effects of septal-forebrain lesions on maternal aggression and maternal care

1986 • 57 citations

Serum testosterone, agonistic behavior, and dominance in inbred strains of mice

1977 • 56 citations

Behavior of Free-Ranging Castrated Rhesus Monkeys

1968 • 56 citations

Dominance Hierarchy in Squirrel Monkeys (<i>Saimiri sciureus</i>)

1972 • 56 citations

Testosterone, testis size, seasonality, and behavior in group-living stumptail macaques (Macaca arctoides)

1987 • 56 citations

Cohabitation with a female activates testosterone-dependent social aggression in male rats independently of changes in serum testosterone concentration

1988 • 55 citations

TUMORS OF THE SEPTUM PELLUCIDUM AND ADJACENT STRUCTURES WITH ABNORMAL AFFECTIVE BEHAVIOR

1958 • 55 citations

Analysis of 1,400 Cases of Acute Injury to the Head

1954 • 55 citations

Behavior of male and female rats with septal lesions: Influence of prior gonadectomy

1976 • 54 citations

RELATION OF THE HYPOTHALAMUS TO DISORDERS OF PERSONALITY

1937 • 54 citations

The nature and management of aggression in epilepsy

1989 • 54 citations

Time course of postpartum aggression in rats (Rattus norvegicus).

1987 • 54 citations

Ictal and enduring interictal disturbances in emotional behaviour in an animal model of temporal lobe epilepsy

1987 • 53 citations

Effect of injections of testosterone propionate on dominance relationships in a group of cows

1978 • 53 citations

Intermale social aggression: Suppression by medial preoptic area lesions

1986 • 52 citations

Prolonged estrogen-progesterone treatment of nonpregnant ovariectomized rats: Factors stimulating home-cage and maternal aggression and short-latency maternal behavior

1990 • 52 citations

Effect of anterior hypothalamic and mammillary area lesions on territorial aggressive behaviour in male rats

1983 • 51 citations

Successful Treatment of Episodic Dyscontrol with Carbamazepine

1992 • 51 citations

Hypothalamic lesions and intermittent explosive disorder

1992 • 51 citations

Medial hypothalamic involvement in maternal aggression of rats.

1989 • 50 citations

Hormonal Modifications of Social Behavior

1945 • 50 citations

Propranolol for Adults with Temper Outbursts and Residual Attention Deficit Disorder

1986 • 50 citations

Experimental basotemporal epilepsy in the cat

1960 • 49 citations

Treatment of sexual offenders in Herstedvester Denmark. The rapists.

1968 • 49 citations

The neurology of explosive rage. The dyscontrol syndrome.

1976 • 49 citations

Medial hypothalamic involvement in maternal aggression of rats.

1989 • 48 citations

THE SEPTUM AND HYPER‐REACTIVITY: A REVIEW

1973 • 47 citations

Lack of effects of castration on scent marking, displays, and aggression in a South American primate (Saguinus fuscicollis)

1978 • 47 citations

Partial kindling and emotional bias in the cat: lasting aftereffects of partial kindling of the ventral hippocampus

1983 • 47 citations

The influence of sex hormones on social behavior in monkeys.

1955 • 44 citations

The Hormonal Treatment of Sexual Offenders

1970 • 44 citations

Relationships between testosterone metabolism in the brain, other endocrine variables and intermale aggression in mice

1976 • 43 citations

The nucleus premammillaris ventralis (pmv) and aggressive behavior in the rat

1983 • 43 citations

Further Results of Stereotaxis in the Human Hypothalamus in Sexual Deviations: First Use of this Operation in Addiction to Drugs

1973 • 42 citations

Changing spectrum of serious child abuse.

1986 • 42 citations

Hormonal Modification of Social Behavior

1946 • 42 citations

Some Neuropsychological Features of Delinquent Subjects

1973 • 41 citations

Seasonally of adult male japanese macaques (Macaca fuscata): Androgens and behavior in a confined troop

1986 • 41 citations

Predisposition to violence

1988 • 40 citations

Ovariectomy attenuates aggression by female rats cohabitating with sexually active sterile males

1989 • 40 citations

Elevated serum testosterone, hirsutism, and virilism associated with combined androgen‐estrogen hormone replacement therapy

1992 • 40 citations

Sex hormones and stress in the human male

1985 • 40 citations

Inhibition and facilitation of interspecies aggression in septal lesioned rats

1972 • 39 citations

Chronic Effects of Hypothalamic Injury

1970 • 39 citations

Limbic epilepsy and the dyscontrol syndrome

1982 • 38 citations

Maternal aggression and intermale social aggression: a behavioral comparison

1987 • 36 citations

Dihydrotestosterone propionate effects on dominance and sexual behaviors in gonadectomized male and female rhesus monkeys

1977 • 35 citations

Intermale social aggression in rats: Suppression by medial hypothalamic lesions independently of enhanced defensiveness or decreased testicular testosterone

1987 • 34 citations

Activation of aggression in female rats by normal males and by castrated males with testosterone implants

1988 • 34 citations

Competitive behavior in male rats: Aggression and success enhanced by medial hypothalamic lesions as well as by testosterone implants

1987 • 33 citations

Danish Experiences regarding the Castration of Sexual Offenders

1956 • 33 citations

The limbic system and aggression in humans

1983 • 31 citations

Hormone-dependent aggression in the female rat: Testosterone plus estradiol implants prevent the decline in aggression following ovariectomy

1991 • 31 citations

The Endocrine Function of the Human Testis in Regard to Sexuality

1979 • 30 citations

A Study of Risk Factor Complexes in Early Adolescent Delinquency

1985 • 30 citations

Testosterone, aggressive behavior and dominance rank in captive adult male talapoin monkeys (miopithecus talapoin)

1977 • 30 citations

The hormonal treatment of sexual offenders.

1983 • 29 citations

Medial accumbens lesions attenuate testosterone-dependent aggression in male rats

1989 • 28 citations

Altered behavior associated with damage to the ventromedial hypothalamus: a distinctive syndrome.

1988 • 28 citations

Homicide of an aggressive adolescent boy with right temporal lesion: A case report

1983 • 27 citations

LATE ONSET ADRENAL HYPERPLASIA IN A GROUP OF IRISH FEMALES WHO PRESENTED WITH HIRSUTISM, IRREGULAR MENSES AND/OR CYSTIC ACNE

1990 • 27 citations

Altered Behavior Associated with Damage to the Ventromedial Hypothalamus: A Distinctive Syndrome

1988 • 26 citations

Chapter 25 Hypothalamic involvement in sexuality and hostility: comparative psychological aspects

1992 • 26 citations

Defensive aggression and testosterone-dependent intermale social aggression are each elicited by food competition

1988 • 26 citations

Medial hypothalamic lesions in the rat enhance reactivity and mouse killing but not social aggression

1982 • 25 citations

Closed Head Injury in Twins

1960 • 25 citations

Effect of septal lesions on conditioned defensive burying

1981 • 25 citations

Sexual variables and shock-elicited aggression.

1973 • 24 citations

Homicide and Social Contact in Denmark

1956 • 23 citations

Female rats in a competitive situation: Medial hypothalamic lesions increase and ovariectomy decreases success and aggression

1989 • 21 citations

Defensive aggression toward an experimenter: No differences between males and females following septal, medial accumbens, or medial hypothalamic lesions in rats

1986 • 21 citations

Epilepsy and violence: evidence for a neuropsychotic-aggressive syndrome

1989 • 20 citations

Effects of Testosterone on Body Image and Behavior in Klinefelter's Syndrome: A Pilot Study

1970 • 19 citations

Strain and sex differences in mouse killing by rats.

1982 • 18 citations

Lesions of the region ventral to the anterior septum increase mouse killing and reactivity but not social attack

1982 • 18 citations

Hormones in sexually aggressive men

1988 • 16 citations

Acute Renal Failure in Phenindione Sensitivity

1965 • 16 citations

Effects of the pure antiandrogen RU 23.903 (anandron) on sexuality, aggression, and mood in male-to-female transsexuals

1989 • 16 citations

The role of limbic brain dysfunction in aggression.

1974 • 16 citations

THE ROLE OF DRUGS AFFECTING CATECHOLAMINES ON SHOCK-ELICITED FIGHTING IN RATS

1979 • 14 citations

Applicability of animal models to human aggression.

1984 • 14 citations

Psychiatric Uses of Antiadrenergic and Adrenergic Blocking Drugs

1984 • 13 citations

Female-enhanced aggression in male rats: Effects of genital anesthesia, castration, or preoptic lesions.

1990 • 13 citations

Cyst of the Cavum Vergae.

1940 • 12 citations

Female-enhanced aggression in male rats: Effects of genital anesthesia, castration, or preoptic lesions.

1990 • 11 citations

Androgens, Virilization and the Hirsute Female.

1967 • 11 citations

Rearing rats with mice prevents induction of mouse killing by lesions of the septum but not lesions of the medial hypothalamus or medial accumbens

1984 • 11 citations

Neural tube defects and immunoreactive beta-melanocyte-stimulating hormone in amniotic fluid.

1978 • 10 citations

PITUITARY-GONADAL AXIS IN EXERCISING MEN

1977 • 10 citations

Strategic Approach of Hyperandrogenism in Women

1983 • 10 citations

A Controlled Family Study of Adopted Patients with Temper Outbursts

1990 • 10 citations

Effects of antiandrogen-estrogen treatment on sexual and endocrine parameters in hirsute women

1988 • 9 citations

Androgens and aggression in man: A controlled case study

1985 • 9 citations

Carbamazepine vs. propranolol for rage outbursts.

1988 • 9 citations

Group rearing abolishes hyperdefensiveness induced in weanling rats by lateral septal or medial accumbens lesions but not by medial hypothalamic lesions

1985 • 8 citations

Stereotaxic Hypothalamotomy for Control of Violent, Aggressive Behavior

1975 • 8 citations

Competitive behavior: Intact male rats but not hyperdefensive males with medial hypothalamic lesions share water with females

1987 • 7 citations

CONDITIONING OF SEIZURE DISCHARGES WITH ELECTRICAL STIMULATION OF THE LIMBIC STRUCTURES IN CATS

1963 • 7 citations

Androgens, virilization and the hirsute female

1967 • 7 citations

Effect of intraventricular nadolol infusion on shock-induced aggression in 6-hydroxydopamine-treated rats

1989 • 5 citations

Clinical features and treatment of abnormal patterns of affective behaviour associated with hypothalamic lesions. (A clinico-therapeutic study).

1972 • 5 citations

Testosterone and human aggressiveness: an analysis

1979 • 5 citations

Involvement of brain transmitters in the modulation of shock-induced aggression in rats by propranolol and related drugs

1987 • 4 citations

An EEG Study of Delinquent Adolescents With Reference to Recidivism and Murder

1973 • 4 citations

POISONING IN A CHILD SIMULATING DIABETIC COMA

1953 • 3 citations

Deleted Work

1955 • 0 citations

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