Animal Models of Limbic Epilepsies: What Can They Tell Us?

Modification of seizure activity by electrical stimulation: II. Motor seizure

1972 • 6,939 citations

A permanent change in brain function resulting from daily electrical stimulation

1969 • 3,056 citations

Dentate Granule Cell Neurogenesis Is Increased by Seizures and Contributes to Aberrant Network Reorganization in the Adult Rat Hippocampus

1997 • 1,880 citations

Limbic seizure and brain damage produced by kainic acid: Mechanisms and relevance to human temporal lobe epilepsy

1985 • 1,730 citations

P-glycoprotein in the blood-brain barrier of mice influences the brain penetration and pharmacological activity of many drugs.

1996 • 1,268 citations

Mossy fiber synaptic reorganization in the epileptic human temporal lobe

1989 • 1,150 citations

The distribution of thirteen GABAA receptor subunit mRNAs in the rat brain. III. Embryonic and postnatal development

1992 • 1,140 citations

Evidence of functional mossy fiber sprouting in hippocampal formation of kainic acid-treated rats

1985 • 1,101 citations

Decreased Hippocampal Inhibition and a Selective Loss of Interneurons in Experimental Epilepsy

1987 • 1,077 citations

Analysis of gene expression in single live neurons.

1992 • 944 citations

Which animal models should be used in the search for new antiepileptic drugs? A proposal based on experimental and clinical considerations

1988 • 822 citations

Selective changes in single cell GABAA receptor subunit expression and function in temporal lobe epilepsy

1998 • 741 citations

Circuit Mechanisms of Seizures in the Pilocarpine Model of Chronic Epilepsy: Cell Loss and Mossy Fiber Sprouting

1993 • 696 citations

Synaptic reorganization by mossy fibers in human epileptic fascia dentata

1991 • 666 citations

Review: Cholinergic mechanisms and epileptogenesis. The seizures induced by pilocarpine: A novel experimental model of intractable epilepsy

1989 • 624 citations

Altered patterns of dynorphin immunoreactivity suggest mossy fiber reorganization in human hippocampal epilepsy

1990 • 615 citations

Long‐Term Effects of Pilocarpine in Rats: Structural Damage of the Brain Triggers Kindling and Spontaneous I Recurrent Seizures

1991 • 614 citations

Pharmacological characterization of the 6 Hz psychomotor seizure model of partial epilepsy

2001 • 591 citations

MDR1 Gene Expression in Brain of Patients with Medically Intractable Epilepsy

1995 • 525 citations

Novel Hippocampal Interneuronal Subtypes Identified Using Transgenic Mice That Express Green Fluorescent Protein in GABAergic Interneurons

2000 • 506 citations

Kindling

1978 • 482 citations

The functional organization of the hippocampal dentate gyrus and its relevance to the pathogenesis of temporal lobe epilepsy

1994 • 460 citations

Zinc-Induced Collapse of Augmented Inhibition by GABA in a Temporal Lobe Epilepsy Model

1996 • 419 citations

Role of Multidrug Transporters in Pharmacoresistance to Antiepileptic Drugs

2002 • 409 citations

P-glycoprotein: a defense mechanism limiting oral bioavailability and CNS accumulation of drugs

2000 • 382 citations

Selective reinnervation of hippocampal area CA1 and the fascia dentata after destruction of CA3-CA4 afferents with kainic acid

1980 • 380 citations

Seizures produced by pilocarpine in mice: A behavioral, electroencephalographic and morphological analysis

1984 • 368 citations

Chronic seizures and collateral sprouting of dentate mossy fibers after kainic acid treatment in rats

1988 • 341 citations

Hippocampal mossy fiber sprouting and synapse formation after status epilepticus in rats: Visualization after retrograde transport of biocytin

1995 • 339 citations

Experimental epileptogenesis: Kindling-induced epilepsy in rats

1978 • 326 citations

THE ROLE OF THE PIRIFORM CORTEX IN KINDLING

1996 • 301 citations

Clinical aspects and biological bases of drug-resistant epilepsies

1999 • 298 citations

Knock-Out Mice Reveal a Critical Antiepileptic Role for Neuropeptide Y

1997 • 288 citations

Loss of BETA2/NeuroD leads to malformation of the dentate gyrus and epilepsy

2000 • 281 citations

Antisense oligonucleotide strategies in neuropharmacology

1994 • 265 citations

Lasting potentiation of inhibition is associated with an increased number of gamma-aminobutyric acid type A receptors activated during miniature inhibitory postsynaptic currents.

1994 • 263 citations

Differential Epilepsy-Associated Alterations in Postsynaptic GABA_A Receptor Function in Dentate Granule and CA1 Neurons

1997 • 250 citations

Animal models of intractable epilepsy

1997 • 245 citations

Differential and transient expression of GABAA receptor alpha-subunit mRNAs in the developing rat CNS

1992 • 233 citations

Current status and future directions in the pharmacotherapy of epilepsy

2002 • 232 citations

Apoptosis and necrosis induced in different hippocampal neuron populations by repetitive perforant path stimulation in the rat

1996 • 227 citations

The Midline Thalamus: Alterations and a Potential Role in Limbic Epilepsy

2001 • 223 citations

Transfer, interference and spontaneous recovery of convulsions kindled from the rat amygdala

1973 • 207 citations

Rates of motor seizure development in rats subjected to electrical brain stimulation: strain and inter-stimulation interval effects

1973 • 180 citations

Kindling mechanisms: Current progress on an experimental epilepsy model

1986 • 179 citations

Is amygdala kindling in rats a model for drug-resistant partial epilepsy?

1986 • 163 citations

Cell damage and neurogenesis in the dentate granule cell layer of adult rats after pilocarpine- or kainate-induced status epilepticus

2000 • 158 citations

Effects of the Novel Antiepileptic Drug Levetiracetam on Spontaneous Recurrent Seizures in the Rat Pilocarpine Model of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

2002 • 158 citations

A new model of partial status epilepticus based on kindling

1982 • 152 citations

Efferent projections of the anterior perirhinal cortex in the rat

1996 • 152 citations

Epilepsy-associated plasticity in γ-aminobutyric acid receptor expression, function, and inhibitory synaptic properties

2001 • 143 citations

Comparative assay of an antiepileptic drugs by psychomotor seizure test and minimal electroshock threshold test.

1953 • 142 citations

Cellular and synaptic properties of amygdala-kindled pyriform cortex in vitro

1986 • 138 citations

Development of kindling-prone and kindling-resistant rats: selective breeding and electrophysiological studies

1999 • 136 citations

The effects of age on the kindling phenomenon

1981 • 135 citations

Spontaneous recurrent seizure state induced by daily electric amygdaloid stimulation in Senegalese baboons ( Papio papio )

1976 • 132 citations

A Multicenter Randomized Controlled Trial on the Clinical Impact of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring in Patients with Newly Diagnosed Epilepsy

2000 • 131 citations

New horizons in the development of antiepileptic drugs

2002 • 125 citations

Kindling as a model of drug-resistant partial epilepsy: selection of phenytoin-resistant and nonresistant rats.

1991 • 124 citations

Primary and “Transfer” Seizure Development in the Kindled Rat

1975 • 121 citations

Differential expression of alpha1, alpha2, alpha3, and alpha5 GABAA receptor subunits in seizure-prone and seizure-resistant rat models of temporal lobe epilepsy.

1999 • 114 citations

Split-Brain Rat: Transfer and Interference of Kindled Amygdala Convulsions

1975 • 112 citations

FAST and SLOW amygdala kindling rat strains: comparison of amygdala, hippocampal, piriform and perirhinal cortex kindling

1999 • 107 citations

Targeting Epilepsy Genes

1996 • 107 citations

Modulation of Sodium Currents in Rat CA1 Neurons by Carbamazepine and Valproate After Kindling Epileptogenesis

1999 • 102 citations

Abnormal Morphological and Functional Organization of the Hippocampus in a p35 Mutant Model of Cortical Dysplasia Associated with Spontaneous Seizures

2001 • 101 citations

Differential Expression of α₁, α₂, α₃, and α₅GABA_AReceptor Subunits in Seizure-Prone and Seizure-Resistant Rat Models of Temporal Lobe Epilepsy

1999 • 96 citations

The clinical impact of new antiepileptic drugs after a decade of use in epilepsy

2002 • 95 citations

Human neuronal gamma-aminobutyric acid(A) receptors: coordinated subunit mRNA expression and functional correlates in individual dentate granule cells.

1999 • 91 citations

GABAA receptor function in epileptic human dentate granule cells: comparison to epileptic and control rat

1998 • 85 citations

Experimental Focal Epilepsy in Animals

1959 • 84 citations

Relationships between triggered seizures, spontaneous seizures, and interictal spiking in the kindling model of epilepsy

1984 • 84 citations

Kindling in the perirhinal cortex

1993 • 83 citations

Human Neuronal γ-Aminobutyric Acid_AReceptors: Coordinated Subunit mRNA Expression and Functional Correlates in Individual Dentate Granule Cells

1999 • 82 citations

Ion Channels in Epilepsy

1998 • 80 citations

Intractable epilepsy: experimental and clinical aspects

1987 • 80 citations

Mossy Fiber Zinc and Temporal Lobe Epilepsy: Pathological Association with Altered “Epileptic”γ‐Aminobutyric Acid A Receptors in Dentate Granule Cells

2000 • 80 citations

Development of spontaneous seizures over extended electrical kindling

1998 • 79 citations

Behavioral analysis of amygdaloid kindling in beagle dogs and the effects of clonazepam, diazepam, phenobarbital, diphenylhydantoin, and flunarizine on seizure manifestation

1979 • 79 citations

Perirhinal cortex involvement in limbic kindled seizures

1996 • 78 citations

Animal Models of Epilepsy and Epileptic Seizures

1999 • 76 citations

Voltage-dependent Ca2+ currents in epilepsy

1998 • 74 citations

Animal Models of Drug‐Resistant Epilepsy

2002 • 74 citations

Spontaneous seizures generated in rats by kindling: A preliminary report

1975 • 71 citations

Amygdala lesions and CER learning: Long term effect of kindling

1972 • 71 citations

Effect of valproic acid on sodium currents in cortical neurons from patients with pharmaco-resistant temporal lobe epilepsy

1998 • 70 citations

Secondarily generalized convulsive seizures induced by daily amygdaloid stimulation in rhesus monkeys

1978 • 70 citations

Long‐term structural and functional alterations induced in the hippocampus by kindling: Implications for memory dysfunction and the development of epilepsy

1994 • 65 citations

Electrophysiological characterization of Na⁺ currents in acutely isolated human hippocampal dentate granule cells

1998 • 58 citations

Role of the Forebrain Commissures in Amygdaloid Kindling in Rats

1978 • 55 citations

Strategies for the Development of Drugs for Pharmacoresistant Epilepsies

1994 • 54 citations

Drug Transport in the Mammalian Central Nervous System: Multiple Complex Systems

2000 • 54 citations

Effect of phenytoin on sodium and calcium currents in hippocampal CA1 neurons of phenytoin-resistant kindled rats

2002 • 54 citations

Amygdala-kindling as a model for chronic efficacy studies on antiepileptic drugs: Experiments with carbamazepine

1989 • 53 citations

Viral-based gene transfer to the mammalian CNS for functional genomic studies

2001 • 53 citations

Experimental Models of Status Epilepticus

2019 • 53 citations

Properties of Voltage-Activated Ca²⁺ Currents in Acutely Isolated Human Hippocampal Granule Cells

1997 • 49 citations

Intractable Epilepsy in Adults

2002 • 49 citations

Kindling-induced experimental epilepsy in rats: Cortical stimulation

1981 • 49 citations

Behavioral Problems and Social Competence in Children with Epilepsy

1981 • 45 citations

Characterization of phenytoin-resistant kindled rats, a new model of drug-resistant partial epilepsy: influence of genetic factors

1999 • 44 citations

Facilication and antagonism of kindled seizure development in the limbic system of the rat

1981 • 43 citations

Kindling in developing animals: interactions between ipsilateral foci

1992 • 35 citations

Cortical spreading depression reversibly disrupts convulsive motor seizure expression in amygdala-kindled rats

1999 • 34 citations

Characterization of Phenytoin‐Resistant Kindled Rats, a New Model of Drug‐Resistant Partial Epilepsy: Comparison of Inbred Strains

1998 • 30 citations

Surgical treatment of epilepsy

2001 • 29 citations

Epileptogenesis induced by rapidly recurring seizures in genetically fast- but not slow-kindling rats

1998 • 28 citations

Kindling alters the anticonvulsant efficacy of phenytoin in Wistar rats

2000 • 25 citations

Surgical Treatment of Epilepsy

1991 • 25 citations

Selection of Phenytoin Responders and Nonresponders in Male and Female Amygdala‐Kindled Sprague–Dawley Rats

1998 • 23 citations

Kindling and the mirror focus

2001 • 18 citations

The Role of Rhinencephalic Networks in Early Stage Kindling

1998 • 11 citations

Amygdala-Kindled Convulsions in Suspended Rats

1996 • 8 citations

Transfer following rapid kindling in the prepubescent rat

1989 • 6 citations