Three‐dimensional climatological distribution of tropospheric OH: Update and evaluation

A global model of natural volatile organic compound emissions

1995 • 4,474 citations

Stratosphere‐troposphere exchange

1995 • 2,818 citations

Chemical kinetics and photochemical data for use in stratospheric modeling

1992 • 2,796 citations

Tropospheric chemistry: A global perspective

1981 • 1,998 citations

Physics of Climate

1992 • 1,952 citations

ISCCP Cloud Data Products

1991 • 1,575 citations

Physics of Climate

1992 • 1,136 citations

Normal Atmosphere: Large Radical and Formaldehyde Concentrations Predicted

1971 • 1,099 citations

Efficient Three-Dimensional Global Models for Climate Studies: Models I and II

1983 • 1,078 citations

Three‐dimensional model synthesis of the global methane cycle

1991 • 1,004 citations

Evaluated Kinetic, Photochemical and Heterogeneous Data for Atmospheric Chemistry: Supplement V. IUPAC Subcommittee on Gas Kinetic Data Evaluation for Atmospheric Chemistry

1997 • 980 citations

Introduction to Atmospheric Chemistry

2000 • 847 citations

The Oxidizing Capacity of the Earth's Atmosphere: Probable Past and Future Changes

1992 • 828 citations

Atmospheric Trends and Lifetime of CH ₃ CCI ₃ and Global OH Concentrations

1995 • 712 citations

Global simulation of tropospheric O₃‐NO_x‐hydrocarbon chemistry: 1. Model formulation

1998 • 647 citations

High concentrations and photochemical fate of oxygenated hydrocarbons in the global troposphere

1995 • 643 citations

The growth rate and distribution of atmospheric methane

1994 • 621 citations

An analysis of ozonesonde data for the troposphere: Recommendations for testing 3‐D models and development of a gridded climatology for tropospheric ozone

1999 • 520 citations

Distribution of tropospheric ozone determined from satellite data

1990 • 505 citations

Photochemistry of biogenic emissions over the Amazon forest

1988 • 503 citations

Distributions and recent changes of carbon monoxide in the lower troposphere

1998 • 478 citations

Light Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres

1975 • 471 citations

The impact of nonmethane hydrocarbon compounds on tropospheric photochemistry

1998 • 464 citations

Continuing decline in the growth rate of the atmospheric methane burden

1998 • 427 citations

The changing photochemistry of the troposphere

1991 • 402 citations

A global three‐dimensional model of tropospheric sulfate

1996 • 401 citations

Removal of Stratospheric O ₃ by Radicals: In Situ Measurements of OH, HO ₂ , NO, NO ₂ , ClO, and BrO

1994 • 400 citations

Transport and residence times of tropospheric aerosols inferred from a global three‐dimensional simulation of²¹⁰Pb

1993 • 377 citations

Acetone in the atmosphere: Distribution, sources, and sinks

1994 • 371 citations

Global atmospheric circulation statistics, 1958-1973

1983 • 356 citations

Hydrogen Radicals, Nitrogen Radicals, and the Production of O ₃ in the Upper Troposphere

1998 • 355 citations

MOZART, a global chemical transport model for ozone and related chemical tracers: 2. Model results and evaluation

1998 • 336 citations

Decline in the Tropospheric Abundance of Halogen from Halocarbons: Implications for Stratospheric Ozone Depletion

1996 • 333 citations

IMAGES: A three‐dimensional chemical transport model of the global troposphere

1995 • 330 citations

Estimates of Annual and Regional Releases of CO2 and Other Trace Gases to the Atmosphere from Fires in the Tropics, Based on the FAO Statistics for the Period 1975–1980

1990 • 327 citations

Chemistry of the global troposphere: Fluorocarbons as tracers of air motion

1987 • 326 citations

Global average concentration and trend for hydroxyl radicals deduced from ALE/GAGE trichloroethane (methyl chloroform) data for 1978–1990

1992 • 319 citations

Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone

1979 • 311 citations

Global simulation of tropospheric O₃‐NO_x‐hydrocarbon chemistry: 3. Origin of tropospheric ozone and effects of nonmethane hydrocarbons

1998 • 308 citations

Anthropogenic forcing on tropospheric ozone and OH since preindustrial times

1998 • 307 citations

Trends in the vertical distribution of ozone: An analysis of ozonesonde data

1994 • 300 citations

Surface ozone distributions and variations from 1973–1984: Measurements at the NOAA Geophysical Monitoring for Climatic Change Baseline Observatories

1986 • 300 citations

Measurements of atmospheric hydrocarbons and biogenic emission fluxes in the Amazon Boundary layer

1988 • 297 citations

A two‐dimensional photochemical model of the atmosphere: 2. The tropospheric budgets of the anthropogenic chlorocarbons CO, CH₄, CH₃Cl and the effect of various NO_x sources on tropospheric ozone

1983 • 291 citations

Development and evaluation of a photooxidation mechanism for isoprene

1992 • 290 citations

Evaluation of source gas lifetimes from stratospheric observations

1997 • 286 citations

Northern and southern hemisphere ground‐based infrared spectroscopic measurements of tropospheric carbon monoxide and ethane

1998 • 263 citations

Mixing ratios of carbon monoxide in the troposphere

1992 • 261 citations

Atmospheric Trends in Methylchloroform and the Global Average for the Hydroxyl Radical

1987 • 249 citations

SOLAR UVB‐ALBEDO OF VARIOUS SURFACES

1988 • 247 citations

Global simulation of tropospheric O₃‐NO_x‐hydrocarbon chemistry: 2. Model evaluation and global ozone budget

1998 • 240 citations

Isoprene over the Amazon Basin

1988 • 234 citations

Tropospheric OH in a three‐dimensional chemical tracer model: An assessment based on observations of CH₃CCl₃

1990 • 232 citations

Observational and theoretical evidence in support of a significant in-situ photochemical source of tropospheric ozone

1979 • 227 citations

The spring maximum in photo-oxidants in the Northern Hemisphere troposphere

1986 • 227 citations

Global trends and annual releases of CCl₃F and CCl₂F₂ estimated from ALE/GAGE and other measurements from July 1978 to June 1991

1994 • 223 citations

Vertical transport of tropospheric aerosols as indicated by ⁷Be and ²¹⁰Pb in a chemical tracer model

1996 • 222 citations

Biomass burning emissions and vertical distribution of atmospheric methyl halides and other reduced carbon gases in the South Atlantic region

1996 • 217 citations

Budgets of reactive nitrogen, hydrocarbons, and ozone over the Amazon forest during the wet season

1990 • 216 citations

Hydrocarbon measurements in the southeastern United States: The Rural Oxidants in the Southern Environment (ROSE) Program 1990

1995 • 213 citations

Secular variations in the production of cosmogenic isotopes in the Earth's atmosphere

1979 • 212 citations

Possible perturbations to atmospheric CO, CH₄, and OH

1986 • 209 citations

Recent Changes in Atmospheric Carbon Monoxide

1994 • 208 citations

Anthropogenic and natural contributions to tropospheric sulfate: A global model analysis

1996 • 208 citations

Tetrachloroethylene as an indicator of low Cl atom concentrations in the troposphere

1996 • 207 citations

Production of carbon 14 by cosmic‐ray neutrons

1963 • 205 citations

Export of reactive nitrogen from North America during summertime: Sensitivity to hydrocarbon chemistry

1998 • 204 citations

Natural Sources of Atmospheric CO

1971 • 203 citations

Low and high NO_x tropospheric photochemistry

1994 • 203 citations

Global OH trend inferred from methylchloroform measurements

1998 • 202 citations

Seasonal and latitudinal variation of ¹⁴CO and the tropospheric concentration of OH radicals

1981 • 198 citations

Estimates of the stratospheric residual circulation using the downward control principle

1993 • 197 citations

The tropospheric distribution and budget of ethane

1995 • 194 citations

Reactive nitrogen and ozone over the western Pacific: Distribution, partitioning, and sources

1996 • 186 citations

Isoprene fluxes measured by enclosure, relaxed eddy accumulation, surface layer gradient, mixed layer gradient, and mixed layer mass balance techniques

1996 • 183 citations

A persistent imbalance in HO_x and NO_x photochemistry of the upper troposphere driven by deep tropical convection

1997 • 183 citations

The seasonal variation of nonmethane hydrocarbons in the free troposphere over the North Atlantic Ocean: Possible evidence for extensive reaction of hydrocarbons with the nitrate radical

1993 • 179 citations

Observed OH and HO₂ in the upper troposphere suggest a major source from convective injection of peroxides

1997 • 179 citations

Chemistry of a polluted cloudy boundary layer

1989 • 175 citations

Carbon Monoxide Balance in Nature

1972 • 171 citations

Selected ion chemical ionization mass spectrometric measurement of OH

1997 • 166 citations

Seasonal trends of isoprene, C₂–C₅ alkanes, and acetylene at a remote boreal site in Canada

1994 • 159 citations

Atmospheric distribution of ⁸⁵Kr simulated with a general circulation model

1987 • 150 citations

Global Analyses From ECMWF and Atlas of 1000 to 10 Mb Circulation Statistics

1992 • 150 citations

Average concentrations of OH in the troposphere, and the budgets of CH 4, CO, H 2 and CH 3CCl 3

1977 • 147 citations

Interactions of CH₄ and CO in the Earth's Atmosphere

1976 • 146 citations

Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model

1990 • 145 citations

Measurement of the abundance of ¹⁴CO in the atmosphere and the ¹³C/¹²C and ¹⁸O/¹⁶O ratio of atmospheric CO with applications in New Zealand and Antarctica

1993 • 144 citations

Photochemical modeling of hydroxyl and its relationship to other species during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment

1997 • 142 citations

Three‐dimensional distribution of nonmenthane hydrocarbons and halocarbons over the northwestern Pacific during the 1991 Pacific Exploratory Mission (PEM‐West A)

1996 • 140 citations

Measurements of light atmospheric hydrocarbons over the Atlantic in regions of low biological activity

1990 • 138 citations

Methane, carbon monoxide and methylchloroform in the southern hemisphere

1986 • 135 citations

Atmospheric halocarbons: Evidence in favor of reduced average hydroxyl radical concentration in the troposphere

1977 • 135 citations

Distribution and seasonality of selected hydrocarbons and halocarbons over the western Pacific basin during PEM‐West A and PEM‐West B

1997 • 134 citations

Effects of biomass burning on summertime nonmethane hydrocarbon concentrations in the Canadian wetlands

1994 • 133 citations

Tropospheric OH and the lifetimes of hydrochlorofluorocarbons

1990 • 133 citations

Preliminary estimation of average tropospheric HO concentrations in the northern and southern hemispheres

1977 • 128 citations

Long‐term ozone trends derived from the 16‐year combined Nimbus 7/Meteor 3 TOMS Version 7 record

1996 • 127 citations

Methyl chloroform in the troposphere as an indicator of OH radical abundance

1977 • 126 citations

Regional budgets for nitrogen oxides from continental sources: Variations of rates for oxidation and deposition with season and distance from source regions

1998 • 121 citations

Secular increase of the total vertical column abundance of carbon monoxide above central Europe since 1950

1989 • 121 citations

Distributions of NO, NO_x, NO_y, and O₃ to 12 km altitude during the summer monsoon season over New Mexico

1994 • 121 citations

Climatologies of NOxx and NOy: A comparison of data and models

1997 • 119 citations

The budgets of ethane and tetrachloroethene: Is there evidence for an impact of reactions with chlorine atoms in the troposphere?

1996 • 118 citations

Spatial and temporal variability of nonmethane hydrocarbon mixing ratios and their relation to photochemical lifetime

1998 • 116 citations

Observed distributions of nitrogen oxides in the remote free troposphere from the Nasa Global Tropospheric Experiment Programs

2000 • 114 citations

Effect of chemical kinetics uncertainties on calculated constituents in a tropospheric photochemical model

1991 • 113 citations

Atmospheric fate of several alkyl nitrates Part 2UV absorption cross-sections and photodissociation quantum yields

1997 • 110 citations

Seasonal variations of nonmethane hydrocarbons in rural New England: Constraints on OH concentrations in northern midlatitudes

1995 • 109 citations

Patterns in volatile organic compound emissions along a savanna‐rainforest gradient in central Africa

1998 • 108 citations

Production of O(¹D) from photolysis of O₃

1994 • 106 citations

Global tropospheric distribution and calibration scale of HCFC‐22

1993 • 105 citations

Airborne in‐situ OH and HO₂ observations in the cloud‐free troposphere and lower stratosphere during SUCCESS

1998 • 104 citations

Use of on‐line tracers as a diagnostic tool in general circulation model development: 1. Horizontal and vertical transport in the troposphere

1996 • 104 citations

Sensitivity of tropospheric oxidants to global chemical and climate change

1989 • 103 citations

Residual Circulation in the Stratosphere and Lower Mesosphere as Diagnosed from Microwave Limb Sounder Data

1996 • 103 citations

Measurements of nitric oxide between 0–12 km altitude and 67°N to 60°S latitude obtained during STRATOZ III

1988 • 102 citations

Measurements of selected C₂–C₅ hydrocarbons in the troposphere: Latitudinal, vertical, and temporal variations

1988 • 102 citations

Vertical profiling and determination of landscape fluxes of biogenic nonmethane hydrocarbons within the planetary boundary layer in the Peruvian Amazon

1998 • 101 citations

Quantum yields of O(¹D) in the photolysis of ozone between 289 and 329 nm as a function of temperature

1998 • 99 citations

THE ATMOSPHERIC EFFECTS OF STRATOSPHERIC AIRCRAFT REPORT OF THE 1992 MODELS AND MEASUREMENTS WORKSHOP.

1993 • 99 citations

Trends of tropospheric CO, N2O and CH4 as observed at cape point, South Africa

1990 • 97 citations

Atmospheric methane at Mauna Loa and Barrow observatories: Presentation and analysis of in situ measurements

1995 • 94 citations

Radon-222 as a test of convective transport in a general circulation model

1990 • 93 citations

Oceanic consumption of CH₃CCl₃: Implications for tropospheric OH

1991 • 91 citations

Field study of the emissions of methyl chloride and other halocarbons from biomass burning in Western Africa

1995 • 91 citations

Evaluation of water vapor distribution in general circulation models using satellite observations

1994 • 90 citations

The production and global distribution of emissions of trichloroethene, tetrachloroethene and dichloromethane over the period 1988–1992

1996 • 90 citations

Summertime measurements of selected nonmethane hydrocarbons in the Arctic and Subarctic during the 1988 Arctic Boundary Layer Expedition (ABLE 3A)

1992 • 88 citations

Interhemispheric asymmetry in OH abundance inferred from measurements of atmospheric 14CO

1992 • 88 citations

Tropospheric nitric oxide measurements over the Amazon Basin

1988 • 87 citations

Origin of tropospheric NO_x over subarctic eastern Canada in summer

1994 • 87 citations

Report on concentrations, lifetimes, and trends of CFCs, halons, and related species

1994 • 87 citations

In situ nonmethane hydrocarbon measurements on SAGA 3

1993 • 86 citations

The two‐dimensional diagnostic model for tropospheric OH: An uncertainty analysis

1981 • 85 citations

The Atmospheric Lifetime Experiment: 5. Results for CH₃CCl₃ based on three years of data

1983 • 84 citations

OH and HO₂ measurements using laser‐induced fluorescence

1997 • 83 citations

Temporal and latitudinal variations of stratospheric trace gases: A critical comparison between theory and experiment

1978 • 82 citations

A global three‐dimensional study of the fate of HCFCs and HFC‐134a in the troposphere

1995 • 81 citations

Distribution of methylchloride, dichloromethane, trichloroethene and tetrachloroethene over the north and south Atlantic

1993 • 80 citations

Impact of biomass burning emissions on the composition of the South Atlantic troposphere: Reactive nitrogen and ozone

1996 • 79 citations

Atmospheric carbon monoxide budget of the southern hemisphere: Implications of ¹³C/¹²C measurements

1997 • 79 citations

The climatological distribution of tropospheric ozone derived from satellite measurements using version 7 Total Ozone Mapping Spectrometer and Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment data sets

1997 • 78 citations

Summertime distribution of PAN and other reactive nitrogen species in the northern high‐latitude atmosphere of eastern Canada

1994 • 78 citations

The production and release to the atmosphere of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)

1989 • 77 citations

Possible effects on fropospheric O 3 and OH due to No emissions

1977 • 76 citations

The chemistry of the hydroxyl radical in the troposphere

1990 • 76 citations

Precipitable water and surface humidity over global oceans from special sensor microwave imager and European Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasts

1992 • 76 citations

Photofragmentation two‐photon laser‐induced fluorescence detection of NO₂ and NO: Comparison of measurements with model results based on airborne observations during PEM‐Tropics A

1999 • 71 citations

Atmospheric fate of several alkyl nitrates Part 1Rate coefficients of the reactions of alkyl nitrates with isotopically labelled hydroxyl radicals

1997 • 71 citations

Two‐dimensional distribution of light hydrocarbons: Results from the STRATOZ III experiment

1988 • 70 citations

The distribution of light nonmethane hydrocarbons over the mid-Atlantic: Results of the Polarstern cruise ANT VII/1

1992 • 69 citations

Large‐scale atmospheric mixing derived from meridional profiles of krypton 85

1983 • 68 citations

Annual variations of water vapor in the stratosphere and upper troposphere observed by the Stratospheric Aerosol and Gas Experiment II

1993 • 67 citations

Global impact of fossil fuel combustion on atmospheric NO_x

1999 • 67 citations

Trace gas measurements at the monitoring station cape point, South Africa, between 1978 and 1988

1990 • 67 citations

Distribution of222Rn over the north Pacific: Implications for continental influences

1992 • 64 citations

Understanding the production and interconversion of the hydroxyl radical during the Tropospheric OH Photochemistry Experiment

1997 • 64 citations

Atmospheric CH4, CO and OH from 1860 to 1985

1986 • 63 citations

Review of progress in isotope studies of atmospheric carbon monoxide

1999 • 63 citations

Perturbations to tropospheric oxidants, 1985–2035: 1. Calculations of ozone and OH in chemically coherent regions

1990 • 63 citations

Atmospheric trend and lifetime of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC‐22) and the global tropospheric OH concentration

1998 • 62 citations

Nonmethane hydrocarbon and halocarbon distributions during Atlantic Stratocumulus Transition Experiment/Marine Aerosol and Gas Exchange, June 1992

1996 • 60 citations

Distribution of emissions of chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) 11, 12, 113, 114 and 115 among reporting and non-reporting countries in 1986

1994 • 56 citations

The production and global distribution of emissions to the atmosphere of 1,1,1-trichloroethane (methyl chloroform)

1995 • 54 citations

C2C6 hydrocarbon measurements at four rural locations across Canada

1995 • 54 citations

Transport of continental air to the subantarctic Indian Ocean

1990 • 52 citations

Automated in-situ monitoring of atmospheric non-methane hydrocarbon concentrations and gradients

1995 • 52 citations

Tropospheric concentrations of methylchloroform, CH ₃ CCl ₃ , in January 1978 and estimates of the atmospheric residence times for hydrohalocarbons

1981 • 51 citations

Vertical distribution of isoprene in the lower boundary layer of the rural and urban southern United States

1994 • 49 citations

Nitric oxide in the equatorial Pacific boundary layer: SAGA 3 measurements

1993 • 47 citations

On the role of OH and and HO<sub>2</sub> radicals in the troposphere

1974 • 45 citations

Atmospheric ¹⁴CO observations and their use for estimating carbon monoxide removal rates

1994 • 44 citations

On the meridional structure of long‐lived tropospheric constituents

1988 • 44 citations

Measurement of tropospheric OH by long‐path laser absorption at Fritz Peak Observatory, Colorado, during the OH Photochemistry Experiment, fall 1993

1997 • 42 citations

Kinetics of the OH Reaction with Methyl Chloroform and Its Atmospheric Implications

1992 • 41 citations

Atmospheric benzene and toluene

1983 • 39 citations

The changing photochemistry of the troposphere

1991 • 38 citations

Photochemical Production of Carboxylic Acids in a Remote Continental Atmosphere

1988 • 37 citations

Hydrocarbons and carbon monoxide in African savannah air

1985 • 37 citations

The influence of the origin, season and time of the day on the distribution of individual NMHC measured at Rörvik, Sweden

1994 • 35 citations

Use of On-Line Tracers as a Diagnostic Tool in General Circulation Model Development

1999 • 35 citations

Evaluation of excess carbon 14 and strontium 90 data for suitability to test two‐dimensional stratospheric models

1989 • 34 citations

Isoprene emissions from vegetation and hydrocarbon emissions from bushfires in tropical Australia

1988 • 33 citations

Light hydrocarbons in the tropospheric boundary layer over tropical Africa

1992 • 31 citations

On the role of OH and HO₂radicals in the troposphere

1974 • 31 citations

Analysis of residual mean transport in the stratosphere: 1. Model description and comparison with satellite data

2000 • 30 citations

The influence of dynamics on two‐dimensional model results: Simulations of ¹⁴C and stratospheric aircraft NO_x injections

1991 • 30 citations

Solution of the inhomogeneous Rayleigh scattering atmosphere

1974 • 29 citations

Cross‐isentropic stratosphere‐troposphere exchange of mass and water vapor

1996 • 29 citations

<font>NO</font>_x IN THE NON-URBAN TROPOSPHERE

1995 • 29 citations

Ambient Air Benzene Concentrations in Canada (1989-1993): Seasonal and Day of Week Variations, Trends, and Source Influences

1995 • 29 citations

Scattering in Planetary Atmospheres.

1973 • 28 citations

Evidence for a missing carbon monoxide sink based on tropospheric measurements of ¹⁴CO

1992 • 28 citations

Transport of continental air to the subantarctic Indian Ocean

1990 • 27 citations

Sensitivity study of advection and diffusion coefficients in a two‐dimensional stratospheric model using excess carbon 14 data

1989 • 26 citations

Determination of selected atmospheric aromatic hydrocarbons at remote continental and oceanic locations using photoionization/flame-ionization detection

1985 • 23 citations

Long-term measurements of light alkanes and acetylene in the Antarctic troposphere

1992 • 23 citations

The atmospheric lifetime of methylchloroform (CH&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;CCl&lt;sub&gt;3&lt;/sub&gt;)

1984 • 20 citations

Timescales in atmospheric chemistry: CH₃Br, the ocean, and ozone depletion potentials

1997 • 19 citations

NOx Sources and the Tropospheric Distribution of NOx during Stratoz III

1988 • 19 citations

Nitric oxide and ozone in the free troposphere over the western Pacific Ocean

1993 • 19 citations

Nonlinear chemical couplings in the tropospheric NO x -HO x gas phase chemistry

1993 • 18 citations

Tropospheric mixing ratios of NO obtained during TROPOZ II in the latitude region 67°N–56°S

1997 • 18 citations

Long-term measurements of light alkanes and acetylene in the Antarctic troposphere

1992 • 18 citations

The atmospheric lifetime of methylchloroform (CH₃CCl₃)

1984 • 17 citations

Methyl Chloroform and the Atmosphere

1995 • 10 citations

GENERAL THEORY

1975 • 10 citations

Estimated national releases to the atmosphere of chlorodifluoromethane (HCFC-22) during 1990

1997 • 8 citations

Reply [to “Comment on ‘Tropospheric OH in a three‐dimensional chemical tracer model: An assessment based on observations of CH₃CCl₃’ by C. M. Spivakovsky et al.”]

1991 • 7 citations

Aspects of Modeling the Tropospheric Hydroxyl Radical Concentration

1994 • 5 citations