Antigenic variation in African trypanosomes: DNA rearrangements program immune evasion

Identification, purification and properties of clone-specific glycoprotein antigens constituting the surface coat ofTrypanosoma brucei

1975 • 917 citations

Biology of the Kinetoplastida

1978 • 691 citations

Biology of the Kinetoplastida

1977 • 500 citations

On the surface coat and flagellar adhesion in trypanosomes

1969 • 443 citations

Molecular basis for trypanosome antigenic variation

1982 • 369 citations

Activation of trypanosome surface glycoprotein genes involves a duplication-transposition leading to an altered 3′ end

1981 • 258 citations

An analysis of cosmid clones of nuclear DNA fromTrypanosoma bruceishows that the genes for variant surface glycoproteins are clustered in the genome

1982 • 246 citations

Growth of chromosome ends in multiplying trypanosomes

1983 • 244 citations

Transcripts coding for variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei have a short, identical exon at their 5′ end

1982 • 243 citations

Novel expression-linked copies of the genes for variant surface antigens in trypanosomes

1980 • 240 citations

Evidence for diploidy and mating in trypanosomes

1980 • 226 citations

Trypanosoma equiperdum: Etude des variations antigéniques au cours de la trypanosomose experimentale du lapin

1977 • 199 citations

Genomic environment of the expression-linked extra copies of genes for surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei resembles the end of a chromosome

1982 • 183 citations

RNA splicing is required to make the messenger RNA for a variant surface antigen in trypanosomes

1982 • 183 citations

The isolation of plasmids containing dna complementary to messenger rna for variant surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei

1980 • 161 citations

Sequences homologous to the variant antigen mRNA spliced leader are located in tandem repeats and variable orphons in Trypanosoma brucei

1983 • 143 citations

Genomic environment of T. brucei VSG genes: presence of a minichromosome

1982 • 143 citations

The transposition unit of variant surface glycoprotein gene 118 of Trypanosoma brucei

1983 • 138 citations

Sequence homologies near the C-termini of the variable surface glycoproteins of Trypanosoma brucei

1981 • 123 citations

Activation of the genes for variant surface glycoproteins 117 and 118 in Trypanosoma brucei

1983 • 113 citations

The expression-linked copy of surface antigen gene in Trypanosoma is probably the one transcribed

1981 • 105 citations

Analysis of genomic rearrangements associated with two variable antigen genes of Trypanosoma brucei

1982 • 85 citations

Cloning and characterization of DNA sequences complementary to messenger ribonucleic acids coding for the synthesis of two surface antigens of Trypanosoma brucei

1980 • 83 citations

Trypanosoma brucei variable surface antigen is released by degenerating parasites but not by actively dividing parasites

1982 • 69 citations

DNA rearrangements and antigenic variation in Trypanosoma equiperdum: multiple expression-linked sites in independent isolates of trypanosomes expressing the same antigen.

1983 • 67 citations

Molecular characterization of initial variants from the IsTat I serodeme of Trypanosoma brucei

1983 • 57 citations

Detection of multiple variable antigen types in metacyclic populations of Trypanosoma brucei

1979 • 51 citations

Trypanosoma rhodesiense blood forms express all antigen specificities relevant to protection against metacyclic (insect form) challenge.

1982 • 50 citations

Antigenic variation in cyclically transmittedTrypanosoma brucei. Variable antigen type composition of metacyclic trypanosome populations from the salivary glands ofGlossina morsitans

1981 • 48 citations

Structure and expression of aTrypanosoma brucei gambiensevariant specific antigen gene

1982 • 47 citations

Antigenic variation in cyclically transmittedTrypanosoma brucei. Variable antigen type composition of the first parasitaemia in mice bitten by trypanosome-infectedGlossina morsitans

1981 • 45 citations

Structural Analysis of Variant and Invariant Genes in Trypanosomes

1980 • 41 citations

Genomic organization of Trypanosoma brucei variant antigen gene families in sequential parasitemias

1983 • 35 citations

In vitro cultivation of pleomorphic Trypanosoma brucei stocks: a possible source of variable antigens for immunization studies

1981 • 12 citations

MHC-restricted recognition by antigen-specific B cells: fact or artefact?

1984 • 7 citations