Goals, Standards, and the Self: Reference Values Serving Different Functions

The "What" and "Why" of Goal Pursuits: Human Needs and the Self-Determination of Behavior

2000 • 25,639 citations

The nature of human values

1973 • 9,345 citations

An attributional theory of achievement motivation and emotion.

1985 • 6,805 citations

Motivational processes affecting learning.

1986 • 6,176 citations

Self-discrepancy: A theory relating self and affect.

1987 • 6,155 citations

Possible selves.

1986 • 4,513 citations

Plans and the structure of behavior.

1960 • 4,403 citations

On the Self-Regulation of Behavior

1998 • 3,584 citations

Handbook of personality theory and research

1991 • 3,526 citations

An attributional theory of motivation and emotion

1986 • 3,437 citations

On the Self-Regulation of Behavior

2000 • 3,403 citations

A motivational approach to self: integration in personality.

1990 • 2,502 citations

Control theory: A useful conceptual framework for personality–social, clinical, and health psychology.

1982 • 2,323 citations

Goal constructs in psychology: Structure, process, and content.

1996 • 1,914 citations

Origins and functions of positive and negative affect: A control-process view.

1990 • 1,879 citations

Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model.

1999 • 1,720 citations

Goal striving, need satisfaction, and longitudinal well-being: The self-concordance model.

1999 • 1,667 citations

Personal strivings: An approach to personality and subjective well-being.

1986 • 1,615 citations

Self-evaluative and self-efficacy mechanisms governing the motivational effects of goal systems.

1983 • 1,407 citations

An Achievement Goal Theory Perspective on Issues in Motivation Terminology, Theory, and Research

2000 • 1,243 citations

Plans And The Structure Of Behavior

1960 • 975 citations

Differential engagement of self-reactive influences in cognitive motivation

1986 • 883 citations

Personal Projects

1983 • 873 citations

Personal goals and subjective well-being: A longitudinal study.

1993 • 822 citations

Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making.

1989 • 790 citations

Not all Personal Goals are Personal: Comparing Autonomous and Controlled Reasons for Goals as Predictors of Effort and Attainment

1998 • 742 citations

Self-Concept Discrepancy Theory: A Psychological Model for Distinguishing among Different Aspects of Depression and Anxiety

1985 • 701 citations

Self-discrepancies and emotional vulnerability: How magnitude, accessibility, and type of discrepancy influence affect.

1986 • 689 citations

Effect of perceived controllability and performance standards on self-regulation of complex decision making.

1989 • 687 citations

Self-Discrepancy Theory: What Patterns of Self-Beliefs Cause People to Suffer?

1989 • 683 citations

Performance incentives and means: How regulatory focus influences goal attainment.

1998 • 655 citations

International Journal of Psychology

2020 • 642 citations

Self-concordance, goal attainment, and the pursuit of happiness: Can there be an upward spiral?

2001 • 580 citations

Performance incentives and means: How regulatory focus influences goal attainment.

1998 • 579 citations

The "self digest": Self-knowledge serving self-regulatory functions.

1996 • 568 citations

Broad Dispositions, Broad Aspirations: The Intersection of Personality Traits and Major Life Goals

2000 • 473 citations

Feedback: Beyond Behaviorism

1973 • 408 citations

A Self-Standards Model of Cognitive Dissonance

2001 • 400 citations

Avoidance Personal Goals and Subjective Well-Being

1997 • 375 citations

Life tasks, self-concept ideals, and cognitive strategies in a life transition.

1987 • 357 citations

A Model of Behavioral Self-Regulation: Translating Intention into Action

1988 • 348 citations

Continuities and Discontinuities in Self‐Regulatory and Self‐Evaluative Processes: A Developmental Theory Relating Self and Affect

1989 • 286 citations

Expectancy × value effects: Regulatory focus as determinant of magnitude and direction.

1997 • 266 citations

Integrating Social and Personal Theories of Achievement Striving

1994 • 250 citations

Expectancy × value effects: Regulatory focus as determinant of magnitude and direction.

1997 • 234 citations

Self‐Discrepancies as Predictors of Vulnerability to Distinct Syndromes of Chronic Emotional Distress

1988 • 220 citations

A General Feedback Theory of Human Behavior: Part I

1960 • 214 citations

Life Tasks and Daily Life Experience

1991 • 180 citations

Goal theory vs. control theory: Contrasting approaches to understanding work motivation

1991 • 146 citations

When do self-discrepancies have specific relations to emotions? The second-generation question of Tangney, Niedenthal, Covert, and Barlow (1998).

1999 • 138 citations

Self-guides, autobiographical memory, and anxiety and dysphoria: Toward a cognitive model of vulnerability to emotional distress.

1992 • 133 citations

Personality, cognition, and purposive behavior.

1990 • 130 citations

The "What the Hell" Effect: Some Effects of Goal Proximity and Goal Framing on Performance

1996 • 123 citations

Own versus Other Standpoints in Self-Regulation: Developmental Antecedents and Functional Consequences

1999 • 107 citations

EMPLOYEE REACTIONS TO PERFORMANCE STANDARDS: A REVIEW AND RESEARCH PROPOSITIONS

1994 • 90 citations

Self-guides, autobiographical memory, and anxiety and dysphoria: Toward a cognitive model of vulnerability to emotional distress.

1992 • 86 citations

The Quasi-acceleration Relation: Satisfaction as a Function of the Change of Velocity of Outcome over Time

1994 • 71 citations

Personal Goals in Social Roles: Divergences and Convergences Across Roles and Levels of Analysis

2000 • 67 citations

Reducing self-discrepancies or maintaining self-congruence? Uncertainty orientation, self-regulation, and performance.

1995 • 65 citations

The relation between self-discrepancies and emotion: The moderating roles of self-guide importance, location relevance, and social self-domain centrality.

2000 • 61 citations

Emotional trade-offs of becoming a parent: How social roles influence self-discrepancy effects.

1993 • 61 citations

Ideals, oughts, and self‐regulation: Are there qualitatively distinct self‐guides?

1999 • 47 citations

Emotional trade-offs of becoming a parent: How social roles influence self-discrepancy effects.

1993 • 43 citations

Self-Guide Strength and Emotional Vulnerability: Birth Order as a Moderator of Self-Affect Relations

1992 • 42 citations

Can I Do It? Will I Try? Personal Efficacy, Assigned Goals, and Performance Norms as Motivators of Individual Performance¹

2001 • 42 citations

PROCEEDINGS OF THE BRITISH PSYCHOLOGICAL SOCIETY

1923 • 4 citations

On the Costs and Benefits of Ignorance: How Performance Satisfaction is Affected by Knowing the Standard Prior to Performance

1995 • 4 citations

The paradoxical effect of friendly impression on person memory

2000 • 1 citations