Measurement and characteristics of combustion aerosols with special consideration of photoelectric charging and charging by flame ions

The Scattering of Light and Other Electromagnetic Radiation

1969 • 3,873 citations

The aethalometer — An instrument for the real-time measurement of optical absorption by aerosol particles

1984 • 1,092 citations

Detailed modeling of soot particle nucleation and growth

1991 • 1,081 citations

Photoemission in Solids I

1978 • 875 citations

Flames, their structure, radiation and temperature

1960 • 745 citations

Soot particle measurements in diffusion flames

1983 • 639 citations

Fullerenes C60 and C70 in flames

1991 • 492 citations

Morphology of flame-generated soot as determined by thermophoretic sampling

1987 • 483 citations

Probing C ₆₀

1988 • 457 citations

Optical and thermal measurements of black carbon aerosol content in different environments: Variation of the specific attenuation cross-section, sigma (σ)

1993 • 417 citations

Classical Size Dependence of the Work Function of Small Metallic Spheres

1981 • 405 citations

Flames: Their Structure, Radiation and Temperature

1971 • 372 citations

Mechanisms of soot nucleation in flames—A critical review

1981 • 358 citations

Forming benzene in flames by chemically activated isomerization

1989 • 351 citations

Structural analysis of soot agglomerates

1987 • 325 citations

Composition profiles and reaction mechanisms in a near-sooting premixed benzene/oxygen/argon flame

1981 • 317 citations

Particulate carbon. Formation during combustion

1982 • 299 citations

Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons and Astrophysics

1986 • 280 citations

Soot inception in a methane/air diffusion flame as characterized by detailed species profiles

1985 • 273 citations

Polyhedral carbon ions in hydrocarbon flames

1987 • 258 citations

Investigation of the Formation of High Molecular Hydrocarbons and Soot in Premixed Hydrocarbon‐Oxygen Flames

1983 • 257 citations

Formation mechanisms of aromatic compounds in aliphatic flames

1984 • 238 citations

The scattering of light and other electromagnetic radiation

1970 • 197 citations

Polynuclear aromatic hydrocarbons: Formation, metabolism and measurement

1983 • 186 citations

Dynamics and Measurement of Smokes. I Size Characterization of Nonspherical Particles

1982 • 167 citations

Soot in Combustion Systems and Its Toxic Properties

1983 • 162 citations

The effects of molecular structure on soot formation II. Diffusion flames

1985 • 162 citations

Possible Non-One-Electron Effects in the Fundamental Optical Excitation Spectra of Certain Crystalline Solids and Their Effect on Photoemission

1967 • 156 citations

Flame radiation

1982 • 154 citations

Some new aspects of the mechanism of carbon formation in premixed flames

1967 • 135 citations

Aerosols, an industrial and environmental science

1984 • 135 citations

Probing aerosols by photoelectric charging

1982 • 131 citations

Diesel Particulates—What They Are and Why

1982 • 128 citations

The epiphaniometer, a new device for continuous aerosol monitoring

1989 • 123 citations

Physical mechanisms in carbon formation in flames

1973 • 121 citations

Composition and Size Distribution of Residential Wood Smoke Particles

1989 • 117 citations

I n s i t u measurement of the fractal dimensionality of ultrafine aerosol particles

1988 • 109 citations

Scaling behaviour of physical parameters describing agglomerates

1990 • 108 citations

Aerosols: An industrial and environmental science

1985 • 90 citations

The effect of metal additives on the formation of soot in premixed flames

1979 • 83 citations

Aerosols: Science, Technology, and Industrial Applications of Airborne Particles

1985 • 82 citations

Relationships Between Smoke Measurements and Particulate Measurements

1984 • 82 citations

Soot formation in diffusion flames: Flow rate, fuel species and temperature effects

1985 • 80 citations

Optical Measurements of Soot Formation in Premixed Flames

1983 • 76 citations

Structure and disposition of particles from a spark-ignition engine

1992 • 72 citations

Inversion of aerosol data from the epiphaniometer

1991 • 68 citations

The Chemistry of Combustion Processes

1983 • 63 citations

Are ions important in soot formation?

1988 • 61 citations

Atmospheric Carbon Particles in the Detroit Urban Area: Wintertime Sources and Sinks

1989 • 59 citations

Identification of a source of argon-ion-laser excited fluorescence in sooting flames

1981 • 59 citations

Some Mechanisms Affecting the Mass of Diesel Exhaust Particulate Collected Following a Dilution Process

1980 • 57 citations

Soot formation in a laminar diffusion flame

1981 • 56 citations

Optical and dynamical properties of fractal clusters of carbonaceous smoke

1989 • 56 citations

Real-time in situ measurements of atmospheric optical absorption in the visible via photoacoustic spectroscopy 1: Evaluation of photoacoustic cells

1988 • 54 citations

Optical Investigations on Soot Forming Methane-Oxygen Flames

1972 • 54 citations

Ultrafine particles as trace catchers for polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons: the photoelectric aerosol sensor as a tool for in situ sorption and desorption studies

1989 • 53 citations

A New Technique for the Spectroscopic Examination of Flames at Normal Pressures

1949 • 52 citations

Bipolar Charging of Ultrafine Aerosol Particles

1983 • 48 citations

Photoelectric quantum yield of free silver particles near threshold

1988 • 47 citations

Real-time, in situ measurements of atmospheric optical absorption in the visible via photoacoustic spectroscopy—II. Validation for atmospheric elemental carbon aerosol

1989 • 47 citations

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and combustion aerosol photoemission

1990 • 46 citations

Analysis of light scattering from soot using optical cross sections for aggregates

1991 • 45 citations

Electrostatic Collection of Diesel Particles

1986 • 44 citations

In situ measurement of adsorption and condensation of a polyaromatic hydrocarbon on ultrafine C particles by means of photoemission

1986 • 44 citations

Soot particle formation in laminar diffusion flames

1987 • 44 citations

Soot Formation — An Overview

1981 • 42 citations

In-situ optical measurement of additive effects on particulates in a sooting diffusion flame

1983 • 41 citations

Physical Aspects of Nucleation and Growth of Soot Particles

1981 • 40 citations

Charged Particles in Sooting Flames I. Determination of Mass Distributions and Number Densities in C₂H₂‐O₂ Flames

1979 • 39 citations

Optical Properties and Morphology of Particulate Carbon: Variation with Air/Fuel Ratio

1981 • 38 citations

Monitoring Particulate Emissions from Combustions by Photoemission

1988 • 36 citations

TECHNOLOGY FOR 1994

1989 • 36 citations

Diesel Engine Exhaust Smoke: The Influence of Fuel Properties and the Effects of Using Barium-Containing Fuel Additive

1967 • 34 citations

Concentration and mass distribution of charged species in sooting flames

1975 • 34 citations

Effects of Flame Temperature and Air-Fuel Mixing on Emission of Particulate Carbon from a Divided-Chamber Diesel Engine

1981 • 34 citations

Photoacoustic insights on diesel exhaust particles

1984 • 30 citations

The effect of sulfur dioxide on soot and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon formation in premixed ethylene flames☆

1989 • 30 citations

The correlation between in-situ, real-time aerosol photoemission intensity and particulate polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon concentration in combustion aerosols

1993 • 30 citations

Laboratory experiments on the determination of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon coverage of submicrometer particles by laser-induced aerosol photoemission

1989 • 29 citations

Particle charge in combustion aerosols

1986 • 28 citations

The photoelectric aerosol sensor as a fast-responding and sensitive detection system for cigarette smoke analysis

1989 • 27 citations

Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons formation and destruction in a laminar diffusion flame

1985 • 27 citations

Chemical and toxicological characterization of residential oil burner emissions: I. Yields and chemical characterization of extractables from combustion of No. 2 fuel oil at different Bacharach Smoke Numbers and firing cycles.

1987 • 26 citations

Application of a Tapered Element Oscillating Microbalance to Continuous Diesel Particulate Measurement

1985 • 26 citations

Assessment of inhalation hazards : integration and extrapolation using diverse data

1989 • 24 citations

The flux of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and of insoluble material in pre-mixed acetylene-oxygen flames

1969 • 19 citations

Real-Time Smoke Sensor for Diesel Engines

1986 • 19 citations

The 1995 European aerosol conference

1995 • 18 citations

A cyclotron resonance study of ionization in low-pressure flames

1963 • 17 citations

Ionic Mechanisms of Soot Nucleation in Premixed Flames

1981 • 17 citations

Aging of combustion particles in the atmosphere ? Results from a field study in Z�rich

1993 • 16 citations

Chemistry of Intermediate Species in the Rich Combustion of Benzene

1983 • 16 citations

Rußbildung in verschiedenen Brennstoff‐Luft‐Flammen

1983 • 15 citations

Measurements of Polycyclic Aromatic Compounds in the Cylinder of an Operating Diesel Engine

1984 • 15 citations

Multiple scattering enhancement of transmitted radiation in water droplet aerosols

1992 • 14 citations

A Comparative Study of Soot and Carbon Black

1983 • 13 citations

Kraftfahrzeugemissionen und Ozonbildung

1989 • 13 citations

A Phenomenological Description of Particulate Formation during Constant Volume Combustion

1981 • 13 citations

Ionic Mechanisms of Soot Formation

1983 • 13 citations

Charged Species in the Exhaust of a Spark Ignition Engine as Studied With Langmuir Probes and a Mass Spectrometer

1988 • 13 citations

Formation of soot particles

1973 • 12 citations

Kraftfahrzeugemissionen und Ozonbildung

1993 • 11 citations

Smoke Measurement Techniques

1968 • 10 citations

Additives can clean up oil-fired furnaces

1973 • 9 citations

Feinste Schwebeteilchen aus Dieselmotoren

1991 • 8 citations

Deposition of aerosol particles in plane-parallel channels at different wall temperatures

1990 • 8 citations

Electrostatic fire detector

1991 • 5 citations

Improved aerosol-photoemission sensor for detection of particulate emissions from combustions

1988 • 4 citations

Soot Formation in Jet-Stirred Reactors

1981 • 4 citations

Direct measurement of mass transfer to agglomerates in the transition regime

1990 • 4 citations

Measurements on soot particle growth in premixed low pressure flames

1990 • 3 citations

Ambient aerosol characterization by comparison of particles size and mass with epiphaniometer and photoemission data

1990 • 3 citations

Continuous measurement of soot concentration in diesel exhaust

1989 • 2 citations

Soot formation in hydrocarbon diffusion flames

1988 • 1 citations

Application of nonlinear Raman spectroscopy in combustion and plasma diagnostics

1986 • 1 citations