Immune privilege as the result of local tissue barriers and immunosuppressive microenvironments

Immunity to homologous grafted skin; the fate of skin homografts transplanted to the brain, to subcutaneous tissue, and to the anterior chamber of the eye.

1948 • 1,042 citations

IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL CELL TYPE IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID ORGANS OF MICE

1974 • 1,041 citations

Immunologically Privileged Sites

1978 • 815 citations

IDENTIFICATION OF A NOVEL CELL TYPE IN PERIPHERAL LYMPHOID ORGANS OF MICE

1974 • 694 citations

Identification of transforming growth factor-beta as an immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor.

1991 • 470 citations

Heterogeneity of mouse helper T cells. Evidence from bulk cultures and limiting dilution cloning for precursors of Th1 and Th2 cells.

1990 • 386 citations

Transforming growth factor-β in human aqueous humor

1990 • 337 citations

ORTHOTOPIC CORNEAL TRANSPLANTATION IN MICE—EVIDENCE THAT THE IMMUNOGENETIC RULES OF REJECTION DO NOT APPLY

1992 • 298 citations

Immune Privilege and Immune Regulation in the Eye

1990 • 265 citations

Studies on the induction of anterior chamber‐associated immune deviation (ACAID) III. Induction of ACAID depends upon intraocular transforming growth factor‐β

1992 • 250 citations

Aqueous humor contains transforming growth factor-beta and a small (less than 3500 daltons) inhibitor of thymocyte proliferation.

1990 • 234 citations

Identification of alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone as a potential immunosuppressive factor in aqueous humor

1992 • 225 citations

Immune regulation and the eye: a dangerous compromise

1987 • 217 citations

Fluids from immune privileged sites endow macrophages with the capacity to induce antigen‐specific immune deviation via a mechanism involving transforming growth factor‐β

1992 • 206 citations

Studies on the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). 1. Evidence that an antigen-specific, ACAID-inducing, cell-associated signal exists in the peripheral blood.

1991 • 179 citations

Characterization of suppressor cells in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID) induced by soluble antigen. Evidence of two functionally and phenotypically distinct T-suppressor cell populations.

1990 • 172 citations

Pathophysiology of the blood-brain barrier

1990 • 153 citations

Immunoregulatory mechanisms of the eye

1992 • 153 citations

Studies on the induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation (ACAID). II. Eye-derived cells participate in generating blood-borne signals that induce ACAID.

1991 • 144 citations

Calcitonin gene-related peptide in the eye: release by sensory nerve stimulation and effects associated with neurogenic inflammation

1986 • 140 citations

Distinctive humoral immune responses following anterior chamber and intravenous administration of soluble antigen. Evidence for active suppression of IgG2-secreting B lymphocytes.

1990 • 97 citations

Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by aqueous humor.

1989 • 96 citations

Immunoregulatory properties of bone marrow-derived cells in the iris and ciliary body.

1989 • 95 citations

Suppression of experimental autoimmune uveitis in mice by induction of anterior chamber-associated immune deviation with interphotoreceptor retinoid-binding protein.

1992 • 90 citations

Macrophages capable of inducing anterior chamber associated immune deviation demonstrate spleen-seeking migratory properties.

1992 • 87 citations

Immune privilege and suppression of immunogenic inflammation in the anterior chamber of the eye

1991 • 86 citations

Ovalbumin is more immunogenic when introduced into brain or cerebrospinal fluid than into extracerebral sites

1992 • 80 citations

Class II major histocompatibility complex (Ia) antigen-bearing dendritic cells within the iris and ciliary body of the rat eye: distribution, phenotype and relation to retinal microglia.

1992 • 78 citations

Analysis of an in vitro-generated signal that induces systemic immune deviation similar to that elicited by antigen injected into the anterior chamber of the eye

1992 • 77 citations

Myelin basic protein infused into cerebrospinal fluid suppresses experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis

1991 • 75 citations

PRODUCTION OF A FACTOR, OR FACTORS, SUPPRESSING IL-2 PRODUCTION AND T CELL PROLIFERATION BY SERTOLI CELL-ENRICHED PREPARATIONS

1991 • 75 citations

Analysis of immunosuppressive properties of iris and ciliary body cells and their secretory products.

1991 • 73 citations

Production of latent transforming growth factor-beta and other inhibitory factors by cultured murine iris and ciliary body cells

1991 • 68 citations

Immune privilege extended to allogeneic tumor cells in the vitreous cavity.

1991 • 58 citations

RECONSIDERATION OF THE LYMPHATIC DRAINAGE OF THE RAT TESTIS

1983 • 58 citations

Mammalian ciliary-body epithelial cells in culture produce transforming growth factor-beta

1991 • 55 citations

Analysis of an in vitro-generated signal that induces systemic immune deviation similar to that elicited by antigen injected into the anterior chamber of the eye.

1992 • 55 citations

Dual effect of ciliary body cells on T lymphocyte proliferation

1990 • 50 citations

Morphologic and ultrastructural examination of I-A+ cells in the murine iris.

1991 • 49 citations

Inhibition of lymphocyte proliferation by resident ocular cells

1991 • 31 citations

Immunological privilege in the eye: A review

1990 • 22 citations

Efferent blockade of delayed-type hypersensitivity responses in the anterior chamber of the eye.

1990 • 21 citations

In situ suppression of delayed-type hypersensitivity: another mechanism for sustaining the immune privilege of the anterior chamber.

1991 • 20 citations

Characterization of specific T helper cell activity in mice bearing alloantigenic tumors in the anterior chamber of the eye

1991 • 19 citations

Incomplete activation of lymphokine-producing T cells by alloantigenic intraocular tumours in anterior chamber-associated immune deviation.

1993 • 8 citations