Overview of Recent Research in Depression

An Inventory for Measuring Depression

1961 • 36,954 citations

A RATING SCALE FOR DEPRESSION

1960 • 30,921 citations

Cognitive, social, and physiological determinants of emotional state.

1962 • 5,942 citations

Diagnostic Criteria for Use in Psychiatric Research

1972 • 5,688 citations

Depression. Clinical, Experimental, and Theoretical Aspects.

1968 • 5,068 citations

THE CATECHOLAMINE HYPOTHESIS OF AFFECTIVE DISORDERS: A REVIEW OF SUPPORTING EVIDENCE

1965 • 3,421 citations

Mourning and Melancholia

1922 • 3,404 citations

Positive reinforcement produced by electrical stimulation of septal area and other regions of rat brain.

1954 • 3,047 citations

Establishment of Diagnostic Validity in Psychiatric Illness: Its Application to Schizophrenia

1970 • 2,197 citations

Separation: Anxiety and Anger

1973 • 1,975 citations

Failure to escape traumatic shock.

1967 • 1,860 citations

Object Relations, Dependency, and Attachment: A Theoretical Review of the Infant-Mother Relationship

1969 • 1,344 citations

Biogenic Amines and the States of Sleep

1969 • 1,274 citations

The Biochemistry of Affective Disorders

1967 • 1,183 citations

Effects of inescapable shock upon subsequent escape and avoidance responding.

1967 • 1,162 citations

Anaclitic Depression

1946 • 1,153 citations

Norepinephrine in Depressive Reactions

1965 • 1,127 citations

A CHOLINERGIC-ADRENERGIC HYPOTHESIS OF MANIA AND DEPRESSION

1972 • 1,077 citations

Life Events and Depression

1969 • 970 citations

Manic Depressive Illness.

1970 • 720 citations

Animal Model of Depression

1969 • 705 citations

Endogenomorphic Depression

1974 • 582 citations

A psychological approach to abnormal behavior

1969 • 570 citations

Hopelessness, Depression, and Attempted Suicide

1973 • 539 citations

Diagnosis and Drug Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders

1970 • 534 citations

Rief and Mourning in Infancy and Early Childhood

1960 • 504 citations

Possible Etiology of Schizophrenia: Progressive Damage to the Noradrenergic Reward System by 6-Hydroxydopamine

1971 • 480 citations

Grief and mourning in infancy and early childhood

1960 • 471 citations

Suicide and Homicide

1964 • 462 citations

Melancholia: a Clinical Survey of Depressive States

1934 • 431 citations

5-Hydroxytryptamine in the Hind-Brain of Depressive Suicides

1967 • 424 citations

The Stages of Mania

1973 • 415 citations

Effects of stress on the metabolism of norepinephrine, dopamine and serotonin in the central nervous system of the rat. I. Modifications of norepinephrine turnover.

1968 • 403 citations

Learning to love.

1966 • 401 citations

Depressive Disorders: Toward a Unified Hypothesis

1973 • 392 citations

Classification of Depressed Patients: A Cluster Analysis Derived Grouping

1971 • 392 citations

Enhancement of Imipramine Antidepressant Activity by Thyroid Hormone

1969 • 392 citations

Zur Ätiologie und Nosologie endogener depressiver psychosen

1966 • 383 citations

Effects of Iproniazid in Depressive Syndromes

1959 • 379 citations

5-HYDROXYINDOLE COMPOUNDS IN THE CEREBROSPINAL FLUID OF PATIENTS WITH PSYCHIATRIC OR NEUROLOGICAL DISEASES

1966 • 375 citations

The mechanism of depression

1968 • 373 citations

Metabolism of normetanephrine-H3 in rat brain—identification of conjugated 3-methoxy-4-hydrophenylglycol as the major metabolite

1968 • 368 citations

Studies in the Classification of Affective Disorders

1972 • 352 citations

Catecholamine Metabolism, Depressive Illness, and Drug Response

1972 • 341 citations

Reduced Monoamine Oxidase Activity in Blood Platelets from Bipolar Depressed Patients

1972 • 335 citations

From Art to Science

1973 • 321 citations

Abnormalities of Indoleamines in Affective Disorders

1972 • 307 citations

The Depression of Widowhood

1972 • 305 citations

The Role of Pleasure in Behavior

1965 • 305 citations

NORADRENALINE, 5-HYDROXYTRYPTAMINE, AND 5-HYDROXYINDOLEACETIC ACID IN HINDBRAINS OF SUICIDAL PATIENTS

1968 • 304 citations

Young Children in Brief Separation

1971 • 287 citations

L-Tryptophan in Mania

1974 • 272 citations

Relationship of Separation and Depression to Disease

1958 • 270 citations

Psychomotor Activity and Cerebrospinal Fluid Amine Metabolites in Affective Illness

1973 • 263 citations

MOTHER‐INFANT SEPARATION IN MONKEYS*

1962 • 260 citations

Regular Induction of Hypomania by L-Dopa in “Bipolar” Manic-depressive Patients

1971 • 257 citations

Depressive Disease

1971 • 252 citations

The Comparative Antidepressant Value of L-Tryptophan and Imipramine With and Without Attempted Potentiation by Liothyronine

1972 • 248 citations

Cradles of Eminence

1968 • 246 citations

THE ADOLF MEYER LECTURE CHILDHOOD MOURNING AND ITS IMPLICATIONS FOR PSYCHIATRY

1961 • 246 citations

Nosology of Depression and Differential Response to Drugs

1966 • 239 citations

Intracellular lithium concentration and clinical response: Towards a membrane theory of depression

1973 • 237 citations

Brain amines: Response to physiological stress

1963 • 231 citations

Coping behavior and brain norepinephrine level in rats.

1970 • 229 citations

In vivo studies of the metabolism of norepinephrine in the central nervous system.

1968 • 228 citations

Lithium Response in Unipolar Versus Bipolar Depression

1972 • 222 citations

Recent Bereavement as a Cause of Mental Illness

1964 • 221 citations

Catecholamine-containing neurones and electrical self-stimulation: 2. A theoretical interpretation and some psychiatric implications

1973 • 218 citations

ACID MONOAMINE METABOLITES OF CEREBROSPINAL FLUID IN MENTAL DEPRESSION AND MANIA

1966 • 215 citations

Family History Studies: V. The Genetics of Mania

1969 • 211 citations

Depression and Childhood Bereavement

1961 • 209 citations

Effects of Brief Separation from Mother on Rhesus Monkeys

1971 • 204 citations

STRESS-INDUCED RELEASE OF BRAIN NOREPINEPHRINE AND ITS INHIBITION BY DRUGS.

1964 • 204 citations

Childhood Bereavement and Adult Depression

1963 • 190 citations

Childhood Bereavement and Psychiatric Illness

1966 • 190 citations

MATERNAL SEPARATION IN THE RHESUS MONKEY

1965 • 188 citations

POSTPARTUM PSYCHOSES IN PATIENTS WITH MANIC DEPRESSIVE DISEASE

1970 • 187 citations

Learning theory and the treatment of depression

1968 • 182 citations

L-DOPA, catecholamines, and behavior: a clinical and biochemical study in depressed patients.

1970 • 181 citations

Biogenic Amine Metabolites in Cerebrospinal Fluid of Depressed and Manic Patients

1972 • 178 citations

Cerebral Monoamines and Depression

1973 • 175 citations

Unipolar and Bipolar Affective Illness

1971 • 172 citations

Lithium Carbonate in Emotionally Unstable Character Disorder

1972 • 170 citations

Cognition, Affect, and Psychopathology

1971 • 170 citations

Neuropsychopharmacology and the Affective Disorders

1969 • 168 citations

DIFFERENTIATION OF TWO GENETICALLY SPECIFIC TYPES OF DEPRESSION BY THE RESPONSE TO ANTI-DEPRESSANTS

1962 • 165 citations

Environmental Factors Preceding the Onset of Severe Depressions

1970 • 164 citations

Relationship Between the Effectiveness of Lithium Therapy and Family History

1973 • 164 citations

Hostility and Depression Associated with Suicide Attempts

1973 • 161 citations

Mineral metabolism in mania.

1966 • 161 citations

The Monoamine Oxidase Inhibitor, Phenelzine, in the Treatment of Depressive-Anxiety States

1973 • 159 citations

Mineral Metabolism in Melancholia

1963 • 157 citations

Effect of repetitive infant-infant separation of young monkeys.

1970 • 154 citations

Catecholamine hypothesis of affective disorders

1969 • 153 citations

Controlled evaluation of lithium and chlorpromazine in the treatment of manic states: An interim report

1968 • 152 citations

Depression and MHPG Excretion

1972 • 150 citations

Bereavement and mental illness

1965 • 150 citations

Environmental Stress in Primary Depressive Illness

1972 • 149 citations

AER in affective disorders.

1971 • 147 citations

Evidence for X-Linkage in the Transmission of Manic-Depressive Illness

1972 • 142 citations

Hidden Conceptual Models in Clinical Psychiatry

1973 • 141 citations

Retarded depression and the dopamine metabolism

1971 • 138 citations

Parental Deprivation in Depressive Patients

1966 • 136 citations

Variations in infant development and response to maternal loss in monkeys.

1968 • 133 citations

THE SWITCH PROCESS FROM DEPRESSION TO MANIA: RELATIONSHIP TO DRUGS WHICH ALTER BRAIN AMINES

1970 • 130 citations

Indoleamines and affective disorders

1972 • 126 citations

Erythrocyte membrane cation carrier in depressive illness

1973 • 125 citations

A behavioral approach to the group treatment of depressed persons: A methodological contribution

1970 • 125 citations

Life Events and Onset of Primary Affective Disorders

1967 • 125 citations

A Comparison of Lithium Carbonate and Chlorpromazine in the Treatment of Excited Schizo-Affectives

1972 • 121 citations

Drugs in the Treatment of Depression

1961 • 120 citations

Brain Biogenic Amine Depletion and Mood

1974 • 120 citations

Manic States

1973 • 118 citations

Amine Metabolites in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid: Effects of Cord Transection and Spinal Fluid Block

1973 • 117 citations

Family history studies: III schizoaffective disorder, clinical and genetic factors including a one to two year follow-up

1968 • 117 citations

Depression in Infant Monkeys Separated from Their Mothers

1967 • 115 citations

Toward a Biology of Affective Disorders

1971 • 114 citations

The Clinical Distinction between Psychotic and Neurotic Depressions

1970 • 114 citations

Manic-Depressive Illness: A Comparative Study of Patients with and Without a Family History

1972 • 113 citations

Use of home observations as an integral part of the treatment of depression: Preliminary report and case studies.

1971 • 109 citations

Brain amines and emotional stress

1966 • 109 citations

Mother-infant relationship in the monkey, Macaca nemestrina: The effect of brief separation and mother-infant specificity.

1962 • 106 citations

Manic-Depressive Illness and Acute Schizophrenia: A Clinical, Family History, and Treatment-Response Study

1974 • 103 citations

STUDIES OF PARENTAL DEPRIVATION IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS

1958 • 102 citations

The Relationship between Parental Loss and Attempted Suicide: A Control Study

1964 • 100 citations

Effects of 6-Day Maternal Deprivation on Rhesus Monkey Infants

1966 • 100 citations

On the Rarity of "Irreversible" Oral Dyskinesias Following Phenothiazines

1968 • 98 citations

Psychoendocrinology of Ego Disintegration

1970 • 97 citations

THE COURSE OF DEPRESSIVE PSYCHOSES

1968 • 95 citations

Changes on recovery in the concentrations of tryptophan and the biogenic amine metabolites in the cerebrospinal fluid of patients with affective illness

1973 • 94 citations

INCIDENCE OF PARENTAL LOSS IN CHILDREN WITH DEPRESSED MOOD*

1969 • 93 citations

Alcoholism, Alcohol Intoxication, and Suicide Attempts

1972 • 93 citations

Life Events and Psychiatric Illness

1968 • 91 citations

Clinical Evaluation of Hostility in Depression

1971 • 89 citations

Lithium treatment of depression

1974 • 88 citations

Differential Activation by Restraint Stress of a Mechanism to conserve Brain Catecholamines and Serotonin in Mice differing in Excitability

1968 • 87 citations

Toward a Biology of Depression: Some Suggestions from Neurophysiology

1969 • 85 citations

The Association of Childhood Bereavement with Suicidal Attempt in Depressive Illness

1969 • 81 citations

Clinical experience with dihydroxyphenylalanine (DOPA) in depression

1963 • 79 citations

A PSYCHOBIOLOGICAL APPROACH TO AFFECTIVE ILLNESS

1973 • 79 citations

Mayer-Gross Clinical Psychiatry

1970 • 78 citations

Childhood Bereavement and Subsequent Psychiatric Disorder

1966 • 77 citations

The "Switch Process" in Manic-Depressive Illness

1972 • 77 citations

Mineral metabolism, mania, and melancholia.

1966 • 76 citations

Clinical Research in Depression

1971 • 75 citations

Depressive Disease: Life Events and Onset of Illness

1972 • 74 citations

Early Parent Death and Mental Illness

1970 • 73 citations

Deficiency of erythrocyte sodium pump activity in bipolar manic-depressive psychosis

1974 • 73 citations

Prognosis of depression and the endogenous-neurotic distinction

1974 • 72 citations

Fluid and Electrolyte Balance During Acute Withdrawal in Chronic Alcoholic Patients

1968 • 68 citations

Childhood Experience and Depression

1969 • 68 citations

Relationship Between Aggression and Depression

1970 • 67 citations

Thyroid-imipramine clinical and chemical interaction: Evidence for a receptor deficit in depression

1972 • 65 citations

Critical Ages for Maternal Bereavement in Psychoneuroses

1960 • 64 citations

Neurotic Depression: Experimental Analog, Clinical Syndromes, and Treatment

1971 • 62 citations

Manic-Depressive Psychosis: An Alternative Conceptual Model

1968 • 62 citations

The Role of Electrolytes in Affective Disorders

1970 • 61 citations

Early Stress and Later Response to Separation in Rhesus Monkeys

1973 • 61 citations

Depression: A Behavioral Formulation

1971 • 61 citations

Depression in Primates

1971 • 61 citations

Electrolytes and Osmolality in Alcoholics During Experimentally Induced Intoxication

1968 • 60 citations

Excretion of 17-OHCS in Unipolar and Bipolar Depressed Patients

1972 • 60 citations

INDIVIDUAL DIFFERENCES IN THE RESPONSES OF RHESUS MONKEYS TO A PERIOD OF SEPARATION FROM THEIR MOTHERS

1970 • 60 citations

Feedback about Interpersonal Behavior as an Agent of Behavior Change: A Case Study in the Treatment of Depression

1969 • 60 citations

CLINICAL RESPONSE TO AMITRIPTYLINE AMONG DEPRESSED WOMEN

1973 • 59 citations

Parental Loss in Adults With Emotional Disorders

1966 • 58 citations

“Endogenous” and “Neurotic” Syndromes of Depression: A 5-to 7-Year Follow-up of 104 Cases

1969 • 58 citations

Repetitive Peer Separations of Juvenile-Age Rhesus Monkeys

1972 • 57 citations

Changes in Primate Social Behavior After Treatment with Alpha-Methyl-Para-Tyrosine

1971 • 56 citations

Approaches to the Mind

1975 • 56 citations

Effect of L-DOPA treatment on brain serotonin metabolism in depressed patients

1971 • 54 citations

Neurochemistry of reward and punishment: Some implications for the etiology of schizophrenia

1971 • 54 citations

The Classification of the Functional Psychoses

1973 • 54 citations

Effects of external Na+ and K+ on the initial rates of noradrenaline uptake by synaptosomes prepared from rat brain

1972 • 53 citations

Behavioral effects of peer separation, isolation, and reunion on adolescent male rhesus monkeys

1972 • 52 citations

5-Hydroxytryptamine metabolism in affective illness: the effect of tryptophan administration

1973 • 51 citations

REMOVING INFANT RHESUS FROM MOTHER FOR 13 DAYS COMPARED WITH REMOVING MOTHER FROM INFANT

1972 • 51 citations

Melancholia, a Model in Madness: A Discussion of Recent Psychobiologic Research into Depressive Illness

1973 • 50 citations

Metabolism of Tryptophan in Depressive Disease

1973 • 50 citations

SLEEP IN DEPRESSION

1974 • 46 citations

Unipolar Mania

1974 • 45 citations

Do biological reinforcers act via the self-stimulation areas of the brain ?

1968 • 44 citations

Relation of Exercise to MHPG Excretion in Normal Subjects

1973 • 43 citations

Bereavement in Childhood and Adult Psychiatric Disturbance

1962 • 42 citations

The revolution in psychiatry

1964 • 42 citations

Hostility Factors and Clinical Improvement in Depressed Patients

1970 • 41 citations

Neuropsychological Correlates of Affective Disorders

1971 • 41 citations

Amine Precursors, Amines, and False Neurotransmitters in Depressed Patients

1972 • 40 citations

The Psychodynamics of Neurotic Depression

1976 • 38 citations

Pharmacology—Toxicology of the Lithium Ion

1973 • 37 citations

Serotonin, norepinephrine and 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethylamine in rat brain parts following electroconvulsive shock

1968 • 35 citations

Retrospective Data Concerning Childhood Loss of a Parent

1966 • 34 citations

Behavioral effects of l-dopa in man.

1971 • 33 citations

Role of Antidepressants and Neuroleptics in the Treatment of Depression

1972 • 32 citations

Retrospective Data Concerning Childhood Loss of a Parent

1966 • 30 citations

Cross-National Study of Diagnosis of the Mental Disorders

1973 • 30 citations

Passive-Aggressive Personality Disorder: A Search for a Syndrome

1970 • 29 citations

Changes in brain norepinephrine in self-stimulating and ‘aversive’ animals

1966 • 29 citations

Concurrent changes in hypothalamic and cardiac catecholamine levels after anesthetics, tranquilizers and stress in a subhuman primate.

1966 • 29 citations

Brain Electrolytes in Depressive and Alcoholic Suicides

1969 • 27 citations

THE USE OF DRUGS IN DEPRESSION: ITS THEORETICAL AND PRACTICAL BASIS

1973 • 27 citations

Adrenocortical steroid hormones, electrolytes, and the disposition of the catecholamines with particular reference to depressive states

1972 • 26 citations

THE RATE OF SYNTHESIS OF CATECHOLAMINES FOLLOWING DEPLETION IN GUINEA PIG BRAIN AND HEART*

1963 • 26 citations

Personality Disorder: Part II. Follow-up

1974 • 26 citations

The Effect of REM Deprivation on Depression

1973 • 25 citations

Psychiatry and Pseudopsychiatry

1973 • 25 citations

Depressive Disease

1972 • 23 citations

The Affective Disorders: Clinical and Epidemiological Aspects

1973 • 20 citations

A unifying hypothesis on the biochemical basis of affective disorder

1970 • 20 citations

IMIPRAMINE EFFECTS UPON HOSTILITY IN DEPRESSION

1970 • 18 citations

Maternal Age and Parental Loss

1968 • 17 citations

Psychobiological and pharmacological studies of manic-depressive illness

1972 • 16 citations

The Use and Abuse of the “Medical Model” as a Conceptual Frame in Psychiatry

1972 • 16 citations

New Perspectives in Psychosomatic Medicine

1970 • 15 citations

Psychopathology as a science: Its scope and tasks

1966 • 15 citations

Social Psychiatry: An Overview

1973 • 15 citations

[On monopolar and bipolar endogenous psychoses].

1968 • 13 citations

The Presidential Address: Adaptation to the Unknown

1968 • 13 citations

Psychiatry as a behavioral science

1970 • 12 citations

The natural history of the affective disorders (manias and depressions).

1970 • 11 citations

PSYCHOPHYSIOLOGY AND MEDICINE

1971 • 11 citations

Importance of life setting for disease onset.

1969 • 10 citations

X-linked transmission of manic-depressive illness.

1973 • 9 citations

Depression as a Pivotal Affect

1968 • 9 citations

Overview of Therapeutic and Prophylactic Trials with Lithium in Psychiatric Patients

1973 • 8 citations

psychiatry under siege: ATTACKS FROM WITHOUT

1973 • 8 citations

Hampstead Nursery follow-up Studies

1962 • 8 citations

DIAGNOSIS AND THERAPY OF ACUTE WITHDRAWAL FROM ALCOHOL

1976 • 7 citations

Electrolyte Content of the Brain in Alcoholism

1970 • 7 citations

Psychoanalytic and Behavioristic Approaches Toward Depression: A Synthesis?

1971 • 5 citations

Some Psychiatric Sequelae of Childhood Bereavement

1970 • 3 citations

Psychiatric Sequelae of Childhood Bereavement

1970 • 3 citations

Diuretic-antidepressant combination in alcoholic depressives--preliminary findings.

1974 • 2 citations