Enkephalins and Endorphins Clinical, Pharmacological and Therapeutic Implications

Identification of two related pentapeptides from the brain with potent opiate agonist activity

1975 • 3,780 citations

Opiate Receptor: Demonstration in Nervous Tissue

1973 • 2,364 citations

Nucleotide sequence of cloned cDNA for bovine corticotropin-β-lipotropin precursor

1979 • 1,758 citations

THE MECHANISM OF PLACEBO ANALGESIA

1978 • 1,060 citations

Stereospecific Binding of the Potent Narcotic Analgesic [ ³ H]Etorphine to Rat-Brain Homogenate

1973 • 1,055 citations

Isolation of an endogenous compound from the brain with pharmacological properties similar to morphine

1975 • 981 citations

Pain Relief by Intrathecally Applied Morphine in Man

1979 • 944 citations

Endorphins: Profound Behavioral Effects in Rats Suggest New Etiological Factors in Mental Illness

1976 • 811 citations

Tolerance of locus coeruleus neurones to morphine and suppression of withdrawal response by clonidine

1978 • 794 citations

CLASSIFICATION OF OPIOID RECEPTORS

1983 • 787 citations

Human Pharmacology and Abuse Potential of the Analgesic Buprenorphine

1978 • 787 citations

Antagonism of acupuncture analgesia in man by the narcotic antagonist naloxone

1977 • 742 citations

Pain Relief by Electrical Stimulation of the Central Gray Matter in Humans and Its Reversal by Naloxone

1977 • 740 citations

CLONIDINE BLOCKS ACUTE OPIATE-WITHDRAWAL SYMPTOMS

1978 • 705 citations

Isolation and structure of an untriakontapeptide with opiate activity from camel pituitary glands.

1976 • 639 citations

On the specificity of naloxone as an opiate antagonist

1979 • 611 citations

Alcohol, Amines, and Alkaloids: A Possible Biochemical Basis for Alcohol Addiction

1970 • 558 citations

Brain Peptides as Neurotransmitters

1980 • 486 citations

β-Endorphin Is Associated with Overeating in Genetically Obese Mice ( ob / ob ) and Rats ( fa / fa )

1978 • 474 citations

ENKEPHALIN-LIKE IMMUNOREACTIVITY IN THE HUMAN GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT

1977 • 467 citations

THE DISTRIBUTION OF METHIONINE‐ENKEPHALIN AND LEUCINE‐ENKEPHALIN IN THE BRAIN AND PERIPHERAL TISSUES

1977 • 443 citations

Relation of endogenous opioid peptides and morphine to neuroendocrine functions

1979 • 433 citations

The C-Fragment of β-Lipotropin: An Endogenous Neuroleptic or Antipsychotogen?

1976 • 427 citations

Stereospecific and Nonspecific Interactions of the Morphine Congener Levorphanol in Subcellular Fractions of Mouse Brain

1971 • 413 citations

Evidence for two separate opiate peptide neuronal systems

1978 • 413 citations

Specific receptor for the opioid peptide dynorphin: structure--activity relationships.

1981 • 411 citations

Buprenorphine

1979 • 400 citations

STIMULATION IN VIVO OF THE SECRETION OF PROLACTIN AND GROWTH HORMONE BY β-ENDORPHIN

1977 • 394 citations

INCREASED β-ENDORPHIN BUT NOT MET-ENKEPHALIN LEVELS IN HUMAN CEREBROSPINAL FLUID AFTER ACUPUNCTURE FOR RECURRENT PAIN

1980 • 383 citations

BLOOD-BRAIN BARRIER

1943 • 356 citations

Morphine catalepsy in the rat: relation to striatal dopamine metabolism

1972 • 338 citations

The influence of naloxone on analgesia produced by peripheral conditioning stimulation

1979 • 322 citations

Search for an Endogenous Ligand for the Opiate Receptor

1975 • 315 citations

Enkephalin receptors on dopaminergic neurones in rat striatum

1977 • 312 citations

Endocrine Effects of Naloxone-Induced Opiate Receptor Blockade *

1980 • 301 citations

Neuronal actions of endorphins and enkephalins among brain regions: a comparative microiontophoretic study.

1977 • 299 citations

NALOXONE AS AN ANTAGONIST IN SEVERE ALCOHOL INTOXICATION

1978 • 296 citations

Facilitation de r�actions nociceptives par la naloxone chez la souris et chez le rat

1974 • 295 citations

The endocrinology of the opiates and opioid peptides

1981 • 291 citations

Pharmacokinetics of Naloxone in Rats and in Man

1976 • 284 citations

Bioenergetics Bulletin Prospers

1970 • 281 citations

Some thoughts on the significance of enkephalin, the endogenous ligand

1975 • 270 citations

Increased CSF levels of endorphines in chronic psychosis

1976 • 268 citations

The narcotic antagonist naloxone enhances clinical pain

1978 • 257 citations

β-Endorphin-Induced Changes in Schizophrenic and Depressed Patients

1977 • 253 citations

Entry of Opioid Peptides into the Central Nervous System

1980 • 247 citations

Morphine and β-endorphin influence the secretion of the endocrine pancreas

1978 • 230 citations

Can the Pituitary Secrete Directly to the Brain? (Affirmative Anatomical Evidence)

1978 • 228 citations

Blood-Brain Barrier Restriction of Peptides and the Low Uptake of Enkephalins*

1978 • 225 citations

Opiate receptors influence vasopressin release from nerve terminals in rat neurohypophysis

1980 • 218 citations

Met-enkephalin circulates in human plasma

1980 • 217 citations

Naloxone acts at central opiate receptors to reverse hypotension, hypothermia and hypoventilation in spinal shock

1980 • 216 citations

Endorphins in experimental spinal injury: Therapeutic effect of naloxone

1981 • 214 citations

PRESSOR EFFECT OF NALOXONE IN SEPTIC SHOCK

1981 • 214 citations

NALOXONE REVERSAL OF ISCHAEMIC NEUROLOGICAL DEFICITS IN MAN

1981 • 208 citations

Epileptic properties of leucine- and methionine-enkephalin: Comparison with morphine and reversibility by naloxone

1978 • 208 citations

Physical exercise stimulates marked concomitant release of β-endorphin and adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) in peripheral blood in man

1980 • 208 citations

Reversal of Induced Ischemic Neurologic Deficit in Gerbils by the Opiate Antagonist Naloxone

1982 • 205 citations

β-ENDORPHIN IN THE HUMAN PANCREAS

1979 • 200 citations

beta-Endorphin induces nonconvulsive limbic seizures.

1978 • 192 citations

Lack of effect of naloxone on pain perception in humans

1976 • 191 citations

Regulation of prolactin release by endogenous opiates

1977 • 186 citations

Biology of Opioid Peptides

1979 • 185 citations

Alcohol Drinking: Abnormal Intake Caused by Tetrahydropapaveroline in Brain

1977 • 183 citations

β-Endorphin: Analgesic and hormonal effects in humans

1979 • 183 citations

In vitro autoradiography of opiate receptors in rat brain suggests loci of "opiatergic" pathways.

1980 • 181 citations

Improvement of Schizophrenic Patients Treated With Des-Tyr1]-γ-endorphin (DTγE)

1979 • 179 citations

PROFOUND ANALGESIC EFFECTS OF β-ENDORPHIN IN MAN

1980 • 179 citations

Dynorphin immunocytochemical localization in brain and peripheral nervous system: preliminary studies.

1981 • 175 citations

β-Endorphin and dynorphin control serum luteinizing hormone level in immature female rats

1981 • 167 citations

Elevated plasma β-endorphin levels in pregnant women and their neonates

1979 • 159 citations

Dopamine-Related Tetrahydroisoquinolines: Significant Urinary Excretion by Alcoholics After Alcohol Consumption

1979 • 157 citations

β-Endorphin

1980 • 156 citations

The Operating Characteristics of the Hypothalamic–Pituitary System during the Menstrual Cycle and Observations of Biological Action of Somatostatin

1975 • 151 citations

POSSIBLE ANTIDEPRESSIVE EFFECTS OF OPIOIDS: ACTION OF BUPRENORPHINE

1982 • 149 citations

Pain modulating and reward systems: A single brain mechanism?

1980 • 148 citations

β-Endorphin-Like Immunoreactivity in Cerebrospinal Fluid and Plasma of Patients with Schizophrenia and Other Neuropsychiatric Disorders

1979 • 147 citations

Plasma testosterone levels in heroin addiction and during methadone maintenance.

1975 • 145 citations

Stability of Met-enkephalin content in brain structures of morphine-dependent or foot shock-stressed rats

1977 • 139 citations

On the role of endogenous opioid peptides: Failure of naloxone to influence shock escape threshold in the rat

1976 • 137 citations

β-ENDORPHIN STIMULATES THE SECRETION OF INSULIN AND GLUCAGON IN HUMANS

1981 • 136 citations

Enkephalin: A potential modulator of noradrenaline release in rat brain

1976 • 135 citations

Opioid Peptides and their Receptors

1982 • 134 citations

Presence of immunoreactive beta-endorphin in normal human plasma: a concomitant release of beta-endorphin with adrenocorticotropin after metyrapone administration.

1978 • 134 citations

A highly potent 3200-dalton adrenal opioid peptide that contains both a [Met]- and [Leu]enkephalin sequence.

1981 • 133 citations

β-Endorphin and Adrenocorticotropin in Extrapituitary Sites: Gastrointestinal Tract

1980 • 131 citations

Decreased serum testosterone concentration in male heroin and methadone addicts

1973 • 130 citations

Naloxone-induced inhibition of ethanol dependence in mice

1977 • 130 citations

MEASUREMENT OF β-ENDORPHIN IN HUMAN PLASMA

1979 • 130 citations

ENDORPHINS AND THE REGULATION OF THE HUMAN MENSTRUAL CYCLE

1981 • 128 citations

Postoperative pain control with intrathecal morphine

1981 • 124 citations

SENSITIVITY TO ENKEPHALIN AS A CAUSE OF NON-INSULIN DEPENDENT DIABETES

1979 • 122 citations

Endorphins: New Gut Peptides with a Familiar Face

1979 • 107 citations

Enkephalin and Blood-Brain Barrier: Studies of Binding and Degradation in Isolated Brain Micro vessels*

1981 • 106 citations

Short-term Naloxone Administration in Schizophrenic and Manic Patients

1982 • 104 citations

Heterogeneity and properties of opiate receptors.

1981 • 103 citations

RELEASE OF VASOPRESSIN BY ENKEPHALIN

1978 • 102 citations

Radioimmunoassay of enkephalins

1977 • 98 citations

β-Endorphin and Schizophrenia

1980 • 97 citations

Opiate receptors and anterior pituitary hormone secretion in man. Effect of naloxone infusion

1981 • 96 citations

Blood-brain barrier, half-time disappearance, and brain distribution for labeled enkephalin and a potent analog

1976 • 94 citations

Endogenous opioid activity and beta-endorphin immunoreactivity in CSF of psychiatric patients and normal volunteers

1981 • 94 citations

Placental β-Endorphin-Like Peptides

1980 • 94 citations

β‐LIPOTROPHIN AND β‐ENDORPHIN PLASMA LEVELS DURING PREGNANCY

1981 • 90 citations

Enkephalin: Radioimmunoassay and radioreceptor assay in morphine dependent rats

1977 • 88 citations

Hyper-Endorphin Syndrome in a Child with Necrotizing Encephalomyelopathy

1980 • 87 citations

Brain endorphins and the sense of well-being: a psychobiological hypothesis.

1978 • 85 citations

β Endorphin inhibits ACh turnover in nuclei of rat brain

1977 • 83 citations

Anticonvulsants Specific for Petit Mal Antagonize Epileptogenic Effect of Leucine Enkephalin

1980 • 81 citations

Plasma β-Endorphin Immunoreactivity in Schizophrenia

1979 • 80 citations

Immunoreactive β-Endorphin in Human Cerebrospinal Fluid*

1980 • 80 citations

C.S.F. β-ENDORPHIN IN SCHIZOPHRENIA

1979 • 78 citations

Endorphins may function in heat adaptation.

1978 • 77 citations

Chlorpropamide-alcohol flushing: a definition of its relation to non-insulin-dependent diabetes.

1978 • 75 citations

ACTIONS AND DISTRIBUTIONS OF OPIOID PEPTIDES IN PERIPHERAL TISSUES

1983 • 71 citations

NALOXONE DECREASES THE DURATION OF PRIMARY APNEA WITH NEONATAL ASPHYXIA

1980 • 68 citations

Menstrual abnormalities associated with heroin addiction

1964 • 64 citations

β-END0RPHIN_61–91AND OTHER β-ENDORPHIN-IMMUNOREACTIVE PEPTIDES IN HUMAN SEMEN

1981 • 64 citations

Methadone‐naloxone mixtures for use in methadone maintenance programs; I. An evaluation in man of their pharmacological feasibility; II. Demonstration of acute physical dependence

1974 • 64 citations

Determination of tetrahydroisoquinoline alkaloids in biological materials with high performance liquid chromatography

1977 • 63 citations

[Endorphins, hypothalamic and neurohypophysial peptides with morphinomimetic activity: isolation and molecular structure of alpha-endorphin].

1976 • 61 citations

Beta-endorphin-like immunoactivity in the plasma of heroin addicts and normal subjects

1980 • 61 citations

Molecular mechanisms in the actions of morphine and viminol (R2) on rat striatum.

1975 • 61 citations

Effects of exogenous and endogenous opiates on the hypothalamic--pituitary--gonadal axis in the male.

1980 • 60 citations

Specific, high affinity [3H]ethylketocyclazocine binding in rat central nervous system: lack of evidence for kappa receptors.

1980 • 59 citations

Research in Endorphins and Schizophrenia*

1979 • 58 citations

Ectopic production of lipotropin by cancer

1979 • 58 citations

Peptides with Morphine-like Action in the Brain

1977 • 54 citations

Constancy of Opioid Control of Luteinizing Hormone in Different Pathophysiological States

1981 • 54 citations

Endogenous opiates: 1981

1982 • 52 citations

Pituitary injection of alcohol for widespread cancer pain

1978 • 50 citations

μ- and δ-opiate receptors: Correlation with high and low affinity opiate binding sites

1980 • 49 citations

Cerebrospinal fluid endorphins in schizophrenia

1980 • 48 citations

Dialysis in Schizophrenia: A Double-Blind Evaluation

1981 • 47 citations

Naloxone depresses osmoregulatory drinking in rats

1980 • 47 citations

Absence of formation of brain salsolinol in ethanol-dependent mice.

1977 • 42 citations

Opiate-like activity of salsolinol on the electrically stimulated guinea pig ileum

1979 • 41 citations

"Endorphins" in Pituitary and other Tissues

1981 • 41 citations

Pituitary-Brain Transport of Neurotensin: Functional Significance of Retrograde Transport

1979 • 41 citations

Endogenous opiates: 1980

1981 • 41 citations

On βH-Leu5-Endorphin and Schizophrenia

1979 • 40 citations

THE ACTION OF MORPHINE ON THE DIGESTIVE TRACT

1937 • 40 citations

Effects of Endorphins on Prolactin and Growth Hormone Secretion in Rats

1978 • 35 citations

Experimental Gastroduodenal Lesions Induced by Stimulation of the Brain

1957 • 34 citations

Asthma induced by enkephalin.

1980 • 31 citations

ACTION OF MORPHINE SULPHATE ON STIMULATED GASTRIC SECRETION IN DOGS

1977 • 30 citations

Abolition par la naloxone de l'effet inhibiteur d'une stimulation electrique peripherique sur la composante tardive du reflexe de clignement

1979 • 28 citations

Characterization of a peptide from the serum of psychotic patients

1979 • 27 citations

Pituitary-Gonadal Function in Heroin Addicts

1977 • 26 citations

Naloxone, Adrenalectomy, and Steroid Replacement:Evidence against a Role for Circulating β-Endorphin in Food Intake*

1981 • 23 citations

Adrenocorticotropin, β-Endorphin, and β-Mipotropin in Normal Thyroid and Lung: Possible Implications for Ectopic Hormone Secretion

1982 • 22 citations

Brain Opiates in Mental Illness

1981 • 20 citations

Dialysis of schizophrenic patients: a double-blind study

1980 • 19 citations

Morphine in the Evaluation of Gastrointestinal Disease

1968 • 18 citations

Pro-Opiocortin: The ACTH/LPH Common Precursor Protein

2015 • 18 citations

Spontaneous remission of secondary hyperparathyroidism in patient receiving regular dialysis.

1982 • 17 citations

Enkephalin, endorphin, and the opiate receptor.

1980 • 14 citations

Endogenous opioid poisoning?

1982 • 14 citations

What we don't know about pain

1980 • 14 citations

Rostral Mesencephalic Reticulotomy for Pain Relief Report of 15 Cases

1980 • 13 citations

Relief of Cancer Pain by Surgical and Nerve Blocking Procedures

1980 • 13 citations

Psychophysiological Influences on Peripheral Venous Tone

1960 • 12 citations

New Theory of Hormones Proposed

1982 • 11 citations

Lofexidine blocks acute opiate withdrawal.

1982 • 10 citations

Alcohol Addiction: Are the Endogenous Opioids Involved?

1981 • 10 citations

Ventilatory effects of naloxone and morphine in the developing opossum

1980 • 9 citations

Pituitary fossa injection with alcohol for widespread cancer pain.

1981 • 7 citations

Possible functions of the enkephalins.

1980 • 6 citations

Effects of enkephalins infusion on hormonal levels in man: Inhibition of the episodic secretion of LH by met-enkephalin

1981 • 5 citations

Nonspecific arousal with noloxone.

1980 • 5 citations

Nonspecific Arousal with Naloxone

1981 • 4 citations

Functional aspects of endorphins.

1980 • 4 citations

CLINICAL, ELECTROPHYSIOLOGICAL, AND BIOCHEMICAL EFFECTS OF DES‐TYROSINE‐γ‐ENDORPHIN IN PSYCHIATRIC PATIENTS *

1982 • 3 citations